scholarly journals Psychiatric Symptom Improvement in Women Following Group Substance Abuse Treatment: Results From the Women’s Recovery Group Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kathryn McHugh ◽  
Shelly F. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Symptom Reduction ◽  
Recovery Group

The Women’s Recovery Group study was a Stage I randomized clinical trial comparing a new manual-based group treatment for women with substance use disorders with Group Drug Counseling. Data from this study were examined to determine whether co-occurring symptoms of depression and anxiety would improve with treatment and whether these improvements would demonstrate durability over the follow-up period. The sample consisted of 36 women (29 WRG, 7 GDC) who were administered self-report and clinician-rated measures of anxiety, depression, and general psychiatric symptoms. Although there were no group differences in psychiatric symptom improvement, analyses demonstrated significant within-subject improvement in depression, anxiety, and general psychiatric symptoms. Symptom reduction was not mediated by changes in substance use. This study demonstrated significant psychiatric symptom reduction that remained durable through 6 months of follow-up for women receiving group therapy focused on substance abuse relapse prevention. Reduction in psychiatric symptoms may be an additional benefit of substance abuse group therapy for women.

scholarly journals Substance Use Rates of Veterans with Depression Leaving Incarceration: A Matched Sample Comparison with General Veterans

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182094708
Author(s):  
Nicholas R Spence ◽  
April Crawford ◽  
James P LePage
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Urine Drug

Formerly incarcerated military veterans—comprising approximately 8% of the prison population—experience significant barriers to reentry including homelessness, mental illness, and mortality. One of the most consequential barriers is relapsing into substance use. Most justice-involved veterans (JIV) possess histories of substance abuse before imprisonment, and this rate continues upon release. Mental illness—depression in particular—is often comorbid with substance abuse. With high rates of depression and substance use in a JIV population, it is important to determine to what extent release from prison contributes to predicting substance use and negative clinical outcomes. This study compares rates of substance use and negative outcomes between two matched samples of JIV and general veterans, both with depression and a substance use disorder. It is hypothesized that JIV will have a higher rate of substance use and that use will be associated with higher negative outcomes in the JIV condition. Rates of use of veterans released from prison and general veterans were collected during six-year follow-up periods. Use was defined as the use of an illicit substance or alcohol, if an alcohol use disorder was present, and determined by urine drug tests or self-report recorded in medical notes. Results indicate that JIV used substances at a higher rate compared to those not recently incarcerated, and that such use is predictive of several other negative outcomes including homelessness, use of inpatient substance treatment, and reincarceration. Structured drug treatment programs and other interventions should cater to veterans recently released from prison to offer help in these areas.

Neuropsychological correlates of adolescent substance abuse: Four-year outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN F. TAPERT ◽  
SANDRA A. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol and other drug use are common in youth, but neurocognitive sequelae are unclear. This study examines the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and protracted substance use in adolescence. One hundred fifteen adolescents, ages 13 to 19 years, were recruited from inpatient substance abuse treatment programs and followed for 4 years. Adolescents were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and evaluated on substance use involvement during treatment, and at 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 4-year follow-up time points. Protracted substance abuse over the 4 years of follow-up was associated with significantly poorer subsequent functioning on tests of attention. In addition, alcohol and drug withdrawal accounted for significant variance in visuospatial functioning, above and beyond demographic, educational, and health variables in detoxified late adolescents and young adults. Results suggest that alcohol and drug withdrawal may be a more powerful marker of protracted neuropsychological impairments than other indices of youthful alcohol and drug involvement. (JINS, 1999, 5, 481–493.)

Client Outcomes and the Working Alliance in Assertive Community Treatment Programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Calsyn ◽  
Gary A. Morse ◽  
W. Dean Klinkenberg ◽  
Matthew R. Lemming
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Working Alliance ◽  
Assertive Community Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Manager ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
Abuse Treatment

This study examined the relationship between outcomes and the working alliance in clients who were receiving assertive community treatment only or integrated assertive community treatment (assertive community treatment plus substance abuse treatment). All 98 participants had a severe mental illness and a substance use disorder. The Working Alliance Inventory assessed the alliance from the perspective of both the client and the case manager at 3 and 15 months into treatment. The six outcome measures were stable housing, client rating of psychiatric distress, interviewer rating of psychiatric symptoms, self-report of days used alcohol or drugs, and interviewer rating of substance use. Only 4 of 24 correlations were significant, indicating little relationship between the strength of the working alliance and client outcome.

Changes in Mind-Wandering and Cognitive Fusion Through Mindfulness Group Therapy for Depression and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Tomoki Kikai ◽  
Fukiko Sugiyama ◽  
Issaku Kawashima ◽  
Ayaka Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Moderate Effect

The mechanisms of efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety are not fully understood. To clarify these mechanisms, we tested the hypotheses that mind-wandering, daydreaming, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance will decrease through mindfulness group therapy, and this decrease will correlate with improvements in depression and anxiety. Participants self-reported depression and/or anxiety (N = 28) took part in an 8-week mindfulness group therapy program. They were assessed using self-report scales at pre- and post-intervention, and at 2-month follow-up. Results indicated that depression and trait-anxiety decreased between pre- and post-intervention with moderate effect sizes, which were maintained at follow-up. Mind-wandering and cognitive fusion also decreased between pre- and post-intervention with small to moderate effect sizes, and maintained at follow-up. The decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion moderately correlated with improvements in depression and anxiety, suggesting that decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion might underlie efficacious mechanisms of mindfulness group therapy.

Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders as Predictors of Child to Adult Sexual Revictimization in a Sample of Community Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri L. Messman-Moore ◽  
Patricia J. Long
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
Verbal Coercion ◽  
Different Types

Alcohol- and substance-related diagnoses were examined as factors in child to adult sexual revictimization. Three hundred community women completed interviews and self-report instruments to obtain information regarding victimization and to diagnose substance use disorders (alcohol and substance abuse/dependence). Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors were more likely than nonvictims to meet criteria for both substance use disorders and to report rape (e.g., unwanted intercourse due to threat or use of force, or due to the inability to consent due to the respondent’s alcohol or drug use) and coerced intercourse (e.g., unwanted intercourse due to verbal coercion or misuse of authority by the perpetrator) by acquaintances, strangers, and husbands. In general, both CSA and substance use disorders were predictive of adult sexual victimization, but there were no significant interactions between these factors. Overall, substance use disorders were related to rape for all women; this relationship was not unique to CSA survivors. Alcohol- and substance-related diagnoses predicted rape by all three types of perpetrators, but CSA was predictive of rape only by acquaintances and strangers and not husbands. In contrast, CSA predicted coerced intercourse by all three perpetrators, while alcohol- and substance-related diagnoses predicted coerced intercourse by acquaintances and strangers, but not husbands. Results highlight the need to continue the study of revictimization of CSA survivors, including examination of both rape and sexually coercive experiences by different types of perpetrators. Findings support continued research of substance use disorders as risk factors for sexual victimization among all women.

scholarly journals Semi-Automated Neurofeedback Therapy for Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms in a Military Clinical Setting: A Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (3-4) ◽  
pp. e457-e465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie N Hershaw ◽  
Candace A Hill-Pearson ◽  
Jorge I Arango ◽  
Alicia R Souvignier ◽  
Renee M Pazdan
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Satisfaction With Treatment ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Abstract Introduction Neurofeedback therapy (NFT) has demonstrated effectiveness for reducing persistent symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, its reliance on NFT experts for administration and high number of treatment sessions limits its use in military medicine. Here, we assess the feasibility of live Z-score training (LZT)—a variant of NFT that requires fewer treatment sessions and can be administered by nonexperts—for use in a military clinical setting. Materials and Methods A single group design feasibility study was conducted to assess acceptability, tolerance, treatment satisfaction, and change in symptoms after a 6-week LZT intervention in 38 Service Members (SMs) with persistent symptoms comorbid with or secondary to mild TBI. Acceptance and feasibility were assessed using treatment completion and patients’ satisfaction with treatment. To evaluate changes in symptom status, a battery of self-report questionnaires was administered at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up to evaluate changes in psychological, neurobehavioral, sleep, pain, and headache symptoms, as well as self-efficacy in symptom management and life satisfaction. Results Participants tolerated the treatment well and reported a positive experience. Symptom improvement was observed, including depressive, neurobehavioral, and pain-related symptoms, with effects sustained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion LZT treatment appears to be a feasible, non-pharmacological therapy amenable to SMs. Results from this pilot study promote further investigation of LZT as an intervention for SMs with persistent symptoms following TBI.

The association between childhood irritability and liability to substance use in early adolescence: a 2-year follow-up study of boys at risk for substance abuse

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Tarter ◽  
Timothy Blackson ◽  
Janet Brigham ◽  
Howard Moss ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Follow Up Study

Psychiatric Symptoms and Substance Use Among Juvenile Offenders

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1296-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Stacey Freedenthal ◽  
Jeffrey M. Jenson ◽  
Matthew O. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Traumatic Experiences

The high rate of co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems among antisocial and delinquent youth is a widely recognized problem in the juvenile justice system. Yet few studies have delineated meaningful clinical distinctions in the characteristics of offenders with co-occurring problems. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of juvenile offenders based on clinically relevant measures of psychiatric symptoms (including past traumatic experiences), lifetime substance use, and drug- and alcohol-related problems stemming from the use of psychoactive substances in a statewide population ( n = 723). Findings revealed that a four-class solution fit the data optimally. The four classes identified represented a severity-based gradient of symptom and substance use endorsement ranging from a mild subgroup ( n = 195; 27.0%), to moderately low ( n = 250; 34.6%) and high ( n = 197; 27.2%) subgroups, and finally, a severely distressed subgroup ( n = 81; 11.2%). Implications for identifying and treating young offenders with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems are noted.

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