Evaluation of the Perception of Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Instrument in an At-Risk, Nondiabetic Population

Background and Purpose: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Perception of Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes (PRF-T2DM), an instrument designed to measure awareness and vulnerability to diabetes and diabetes risk factors. Methods: 248 individuals at increased risk for diabetes because of a positive family history completed the PRF-T2DM. The factor-structure, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity of the PRF-T2DM were examined. Results: The 2-factor structure of the PRFT2DM was a good fit to our data. Overall Cronbach's alpha was .68. Pearson correlation between PRF-T2DM score and overall risk perception was significant (r = .26, p < .001). Replies to individual items supported the validity of the PRF-T2DM. Conclusion: The PRF-T2DM performed modestly in this population. Refinement in scoring and score interpretation may improve reliability and validity of the instrument.

Download Full-text

Physical Activity is Strongly Inversely Related To Post-Challenge Plasma Glucose and Glycemic Spikes in a Risk Population for Type 2 Diabetes

Folia Medica ◽

10.2478/folmed-2013-0015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 33-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev ◽

Tsvetan Stefanov ◽

Carsta Koehler ◽

Elena Henkel ◽

Frank Schaper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Post Challenge ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT AIM: To examine the relationship between physical activity (PA) and various cardiometabolic risk factors during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), including glycemic spikes (PGS) in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 949 middle-aged subjects from the Risk factors in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) trial aged 40-70 years were included in the present cross-sectional analysis. Standard 75 g OGTT was performed and blood was collected every 30 min for 2 hours for measurements of plasma glucose (PG) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. PA was assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Post-challenge PGS and maximal PG (PGmax) during OGTT were significantly lower in individuals with high PA vs. individuals with low PA even after body mass index (BMI) adjustment (p = 0.026 and p = 0.035, respectively). In univariate analysis post-challenge PG 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, PGS and PGmax during OGTT were significantly inversely correlated to PA. This correlation was attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for BMI. Fasting PG and glycosylated hemoglobin were not correlated to PA. Significantly higher fasting and post-challenge insulin levels were found among subjects with low vs. subjects with medium (p < 0.05) and high PA (p < 0.05). Post-challenge C-peptide and proinsulin levels were significantly lower in participants with high vs. participants with low PA (p < 0.05 for all). The relationship between 2-h PG and PA was observed also in lean subjects and in subjects with normal fasting glucose. In multivariate analysis PA was a significant independent determinant of 2-h PG. CONCLUSION: We found a strong inverse relationship between PA and various post-challenge cardiometabolic parameters during OGTT, including glycemic spikes, in a population at risk for diabetes. This relationship was only partially dependent on BMI.

Download Full-text

Cardio-Metabolic Benefits of Walnuts in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review

European Medical Journal ◽

10.33590/emj/21-00070 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111-124

Author(s):

Valentine Y Njike ◽

Genevieve Cecile Kela ◽

Nisar Khan ◽

Rockiy Ayettey ◽

Maxime Tindong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk

Diabetes and its complications are main causes of morbidity and mortality among adults in the USA. An increase in the number of individuals with diabetes is primarily attributed to changes in dietary patterns including increased consumption of obesogenic foods and beverages. Many individuals who are overweight and obese show signs of insulin resistance and are at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle interventions (i.e., physical activity and nutrition) are the cornerstone of T2DM management and prevention. Prior research attests to the health benefits of consuming nuts, which have a substantial amount of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for individuals at risk for or with T2DM, and walnuts appear to be particularly promising. Walnuts are rich in nutrients, minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins that can contribute to improved cardio-metabolic risk factors in individuals at risk for or with T2DM. This review assesses the cardio-metabolic benefits of walnuts in T2DM. The authors’ review indicates that the reported effects of walnuts on glycaemic control have been inconclusive, with several studies showing association with improved glycaemic control while others show no effect. Despite their high energy density and potential to contribute to weight gain, the authors’ review suggests that walnuts can contribute to satiety without association with weight gain. This review also suggests that walnut consumption has been associated with improved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and endothelial function but has not been associated with blood pressure improvement. Meta-analyses are warranted to quantitatively assess impact of walnut consumption on these cardio-metabolic risk factors in T2DM.

Download Full-text

Factorial structure of the perception of risk factors for type 2 diabetes scale: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01276.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1096-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Valmi D. Sousa ◽

Nancy A. Ryan-Wenger ◽

Martha Driessnack ◽

Ala'a F. Jaber

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Perception Of Risk ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Download Full-text

Patients at risk for type 2 diabetes substantially improve risk factors in an intensive weight management treatment program

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.069 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C Weithman ◽

L Gotthelf ◽

L Grant ◽

B O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Weight Management ◽

Treatment Program ◽

Patients At Risk

Download Full-text

Reduction of Specific Circulating Lymphocyte Populations with Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients at Risk to Develop Type 2 Diabetes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0107140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e107140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Helena Cucak ◽

Dorte Vistisen ◽

Daniel Witte ◽

Annelotte Philipsen ◽

Alexander Rosendahl

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Develop Type ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Lymphocyte Populations

Download Full-text

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in semi-urban area, Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu: a case control study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 922

Author(s):

Joy Patricia Pushparani ◽

M. Yazhini ◽

K. Caroline Priya

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence early detection by screening and management of GDM is very essential to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes. Objectives was to evaluate the strength of association of GDM and type 2 diabetes among women aged 30 to 35 years in Thiruvallur District, to find the association of other risk factors with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A study was conducted among 160 women with 44 cases and 116 controls aged 30-35 years attending NCD clinics in Thiruvallur District between March and September 2016. The cases and controls were matched for age and time period between last delivery and the time of screening as 5 years or more. GDM exposure was ascertained if their venous blood glucose levels during their antenatal and postpartum period exceeded the oral glucose tolerance test criteria recommended by national guidelines.Results: In the study it was found that women with history of GDM are 4.65 times higher at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. There was significant association (p=0.000) between type 2 diabetes and risk factors like family history of diabetes, co-morbidities like hypertension, hypothyroidism.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is a predictor of type 2 diabetes, as the women are registered in the pregnancy and infant cohort monitoring and evaluation system, it has the potential to identify women at risk of type 2 diabetes and intervene at the earliest.

Download Full-text