The Upregulation of Transglutaminase-2 by Cyclosporin A in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Is Augmented by Oxidative Stress

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of five commercially available dental composite resins (CRs), investigating the effect of their quantifiable bisphenol-A-glycidyl-methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) release. Experiments were performed using the method of soaking extracts, which were derived from the immersion of the following CRs in the culture medium: Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2, GrandioSO, and Enamel-plus-HRi (Bis-GMA-based); Enamel-BioFunction and VenusDiamond (Bis-GMA-free). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGDFs) were employed as the cellular model to mimic in vitro the oral cavity milieu, where CRs simultaneously release various components. Cell metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were used as cellular outcomes. Results showed that only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi significantly affected the hGDF cell metabolic activity. In accordance with this, although no CR-derived extract induced a significantly detectable oxidative stress, only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi induced significant genotoxicity. Our findings showed, for the CRs employed, a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential that did not seem to depend only on the actual Bis-GMA or TEGDMA content. Enamel-BioFunction appeared optimal in terms of cytotoxicity, and similar findings were observed for Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2 despite their different Bis-GMA/TEGDMA release patterns. This suggested that simply excluding one specific monomer from the CR formulation might not steadily turn out as a successful approach for improving their biocompatibility.

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Evaluation of toxicity and response to oxidative stress generated by orthodontic bands in human gingival fibroblasts

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/110717-761.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Marcos Bandeira ◽

Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez ◽

Ana Paula Dias Demasi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Conditioned Media ◽

Human Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase 1 ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of stainless-steel orthodontic bands and their influence on the expression of the antioxidant genes in human gingival fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Ten bands of each brand (Dentsply-Sirona, Dentaurum, TP Orthodontics, and Morelli) were conditioned in 0.2 g/mL culture medium at 37°C for 14 days, and the corresponding conditioned media were applied over the fibroblasts. Cell viability was assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure to the conditioned media by trypan blue exclusion assay. Expression of the antioxidant defense genes peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction after 24 hours of exposure. These parameters were compared to those of the cells not exposed to the conditioned media of the bands (control). Results: All bands promoted a reduction in the number of viable cells in the periods of 48 and 72 hours (P < .01). Analysis of gene expression showed a significant increase in the levels of PRDX1 transcripts caused by the conditioned media of the Dentsply-Sirona, TP Orthodontics, and Morelli bands (P < .01) as well as induction of SOD1 by the conditioned media of the Dentaurum and Morelli (P < .01). Expression of GPX1 was not influenced by the conditioned media. Conclusions: The orthodontic bands showed toxicity to fibroblasts and increased the expression of PRDX1 and SOD1 antioxidant genes, indicating induction of oxidative stress in the cells.

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