scholarly journals Vécu Des Enfants Soldats Pendant La Guerre: Une Analyse À Partir Des Projets De l’Organisation Non Gouvernemental Caritas Makeni En Sierra Léone

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Gnamien Yawa Ossi
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Child Soldier ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The phenomenon of «child soldier» has become very rampant these last years. In Africa, they are very common in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in Chad, in Uganda, in Sierra Leone, and in Côte d’Ivoire. More recently, they are in Mali and in the Central African Republic. However, armed conflicts have imposed various situations on populations. The children are the main victims. The focus of this study is on child soldiers during times of war. The main objective of this study is to analyze the ways they join the armed groups and the difficulties of their social reintegration. The objective of this study is to analyze the recruitment conditions of children and the difficulties of social reintegration. The hypothesis postulates that there is a link between the passage of the children in armed groups and their psychosocial outcome. The study took place in Sierra Leone. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The results of the study show that: the mode of recruitment of children has an influence on their social reintegration. Also, the violent practices in armed conflicts are obstacles to their social reintegration.

scholarly journals Child Soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Revisiting ‘Reintegration’ through a Psycho-Social Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Arpita Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Micro Level

The paper assesses ‘reintegration’ mechanisms implemented for child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the overall Disarmament-Demobilisation-Reintegration (DDR) programme. It re-visits the ‘macro-level success’ claimed by DDR mechanisms in DRC internationally and focuses on evaluation strategies at the ‘micro-level’ implementation of the said objectives. The paper advances a psycho-social assessment of reintegration of child soldiers considering their complex identities as ‘victim-perpetrator-bystander’. Identifying the gaps between individual experiences of war trauma (psychological breakdown) and community reintegration (social reintegration, discrimination, and stigma), the paper conceptualises reintegration measures vis-à-vis children’s psycho-social needs and greater community involvement.

scholarly journals Impact of war on women: Iyorwuese Hagher’s Lamp of Peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 460-469
Author(s):  
Jonathan Desen Mbachaga
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Effects Of War

Africa as a continent has been ravaged by wars that have brought untold hardship and retardation to development. Militarization and war places various demands on both males and females. This study concentrates on how females have been used as sex slaves and have now become vulnerable to rape and outright fighting in the wars. Extenuating the effects of war with its irreparable losses and psychological trauma in recent times has been the focus of governments, nongovernmental organizations and philanthropists. The devastation caused by the conflicts, the destruction to communities and the suffering of women and girls cannot be over emphasized. Recent years have seen many regions of Africa involved in wars and internal or external conflicts. From Liberia to Sierra Leone; Angola, The Democratic Republic of Congo to Rwanda; Burundi, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire to Sudan, the story is a sad and saddening one. Therefore, this article discusses the effects of armed conflicts on women and girls, using Iyorwuese Hagher’s Lamp of Peace as a textual reference. It employs the literary method to consider the response of Iyorwuese Hagher as a playwright regarding the outcry against war atrocities against women. The paper argues that glaring gaps still exist regarding the protection of women and girls during armed conflicts. As such, women and girls deserve special attention that focuses on protection as they are both victims of abuse and actors in reconstruction. Keywords: War, Atrocities on women, Protection and rehabilitation, Lamp of Peace, Africa

Motivations for sexual violence in armed conflicts: voices from combatants in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Ali Bitenga Alexandre ◽  
Kitoka Moke Mutondo ◽  
Juvenal Bazilashe Balegamire ◽  
Amini Emile ◽  
Denis Mukwege
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Republic Of Congo

scholarly journals Who is Responsible for Instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo?

2014 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
G. M. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

The research focuses on the problem of military-political instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo experiencing continued armed conflict for a long time. Dozens of illegal armed groups both Congolese and foreign origin continue to destabilize situation in the eastern part of the country causing humanitarian disasters. Due to governmental weakness, economic backwardness, chronical lack of finance resources, interethnic conflicts, all-round and widely spread corruption of the authorities, the Congolese government at the moment is not able to overcome scores of problems including the problem of security. Assistanceprovided to the DRC by itspartnerssuch as, first of all, the former metropolitan country Belgium, as well as the USA, Great Britain, the Europe Union and China works only in favourof these country-donors. They are attracted by rich Congolese natural resources which the DRC remaining one of the poorest countries in the world cannot turn to advantage to the full extent because of its economic backwardness. In exchange for so-calleddevelopment programmes, expensive strategic raw material (such as coltan, wolfram, casseterit, cooper, gold, niobium, and other) is being extracted and exported from the country, in addition, often on the inequivalent basis. This is taking place for the reason that numerous mines and open-cast mines are being controlled by different illegal armed groups and not by the central government. Therefore, it turns out that in the context of a military-political crisis, for so-called partners it is more beneficial to pursue their own interests. Furthermore, western ideologists arouse "separatism-oriented" theories similar to "balkanization", in other words, a breakdown of this giant country into several independent states. The Congolese are tremulous to this issue, they try to counter such approachs and defend the territorial integrity of the DRC. However, it is not an easy task. The impediment is unsettled relations with neighbouring countries - Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi which for tens of years exploit illegally natural resources of the DRC and try to lay hold of frontier Congolese territories.

Chaetomium funicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Abstract C. funicola is described and illustrated. Information on host range (mainly field and horticultural crops, trees, wood, dung, man and artefacts), geographical distribution (Democratic Republic of Congo; Ethiopia; Ghana; Kenya; Nigeria; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Ontario, Canada); Mexico; California, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Washington DC and West Virginia, USA; Nicaragua; Panama; Brazil; Chile; Uruguay; Venezuela; Fujian and Hongkong, China; India; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Capital Territory, Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia; New Zealand; Dominica; Jamaica; Belgium; France; Great Britain; Romania; Sweden; Ukraine; Mauritius; and USSR, and conservation status is presented.

Mononychellus tanajoa. [Distribution map].

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mononychellus Tanajoa ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar). Tetranychidae. Main host: cassava (Manihot esculenta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico), Central America & Caribbean (Bahamas, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Alagoas, Amazonas Bahia, Ceara, Fernando de Noronha, Maranhao, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, Sergipe, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela).

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