scholarly journals Effets des dépenses publiques d’éducation, la fiscalité et la corruption sur la croissance économique en Afrique de l’ouest : une analyse empirique sur données de panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (38) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Thierno Ndao Guèye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Données De Panel ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Secteur Informel ◽  
Public Education Spending

Dans cette étude, nous examinons empiriquement les effets des dépenses publiques d’éducation, la fiscalité et la corruption sur la croissance économique par habitant à long terme à partir de modèles économétriques des données de panel de 10 pays d’Afrique de l’ouest sur la période 2004-2020. D’abord, nos résultats montrent qu’il existe une relation positive et significative entre les dépenses publiques d’éducation retardées de 5 ans et la croissance économique par habitant. En effet, une augmentation de 1% des dépenses publiques d’éducation entraînerait une hausse moyenne de 0,42% du taux de croissance économique. Tous les gouvernements de l’Afrique occidentale veulent atteindre les objectifs de l’éducation pour tous. Cette extension ne pourrait pas se réaliser sans une augmentation des dépenses publiques. Parallèlement, suivant l’approche de l’équivalence ricardienne, les sources de financement de l’éducation, telles que les impôts et les dettes publiques, agissent négativement sur la croissance économique. Ensuite, la corruption, en affectant significativement la croissance économique, entraîne des pertes importantes de recettes fiscales. Ce qui gangrène l’efficacité des efforts de financement des politiques publiques d’éducation. Enfin, dans le cadre scolaire global, seul le taux de scolarisation aux études supérieures exerce un effet réellement significatif sur la croissance à long terme. Ce résultat est d’une grande portée, car la forte tertiarisation des économies de ces pays est accompagnée d’un secteur informel occupant une place très importante et marginalement pris en compte dans le calcul du PIB. In this study, we empirically examine the effects of public education spending, taxation and corruption on long-term per capita economic growth using econometric models of panel data from 10 West African countries on the period 2004-2020. First, our results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between public education spending delayed by 5 years and per capita economic growth. Indeed, a 1% increase in public education spending would lead to an average 0.42% increase in the rate of economic growth. All governments in West Africa want to achieve education for all goals. This extension could not be achieved without an increase in public spending. At the same time, following the Ricardian equivalence approach, the sources of financing of education, such as taxes and public debt, act negatively on economic growth. Second, corruption, by significantly affecting economic growth, leads to significant losses in tax revenue. This undermines the effectiveness of efforts to fund public education policies. Finally, within the overall educational framework, only the rate of enrollment in higher education has a truly significant effect on long-term growth. This result is farreaching, because the strong tertiarization of the economies of these countries is accompanied by an informal sector occupying a very important place and marginally taken into account in the calculation of the GDP.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Upward (Im)mobility and Political Support of Public Education Spending

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Di Gioacchino ◽  
Laura Sabani ◽  
Stefano Usai
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
The Public ◽  
Education Decisions ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Public Education Spending ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractThis paper provides a simple model of hierarchical education to study the political determination of public education spending and its allocation between different tiers of education. The model integrates private education decisions by allowing parents, who are differentiated according to income and human capital, to top up public expenditures with private transfers. We identify four groups of households with conflicting preferences over the the size of the public education budget and its allocation. In equilibrium, public education budget, private expenditures and expenditure allocation among different tiers of education, depend on which group of households is in power and on country-specific features such as income inequality and intergenerational persistence in education. By running a cluster analysis on 32 OECD countries, we seek to establish if distinctive ‘education regimes’, akin to those identified in the theoretical analysis, could be discerned. Our main finding is that a high intergenerational persistence in education might foster the establishment of education regimes in which the size and the allocation of the public budget among different tiers of education prevent a stable and significant increase of the population graduation rate, thus plunging the country in a ‘low education’ trap.

scholarly journals Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Turkey: The Role of Clean Energy Consumption and Ecological Footprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yurtkuran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between income, clean energy consumption, exports, imports, urbanization and ecological footprint for Turkey from 1973 to 2015 using the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The long-term coefficients derived from the ARDL approach demonstrate that import increase the ecological footprint, whereas urbanization and clean energy consumption do not have an impact on environmental pollution in the long-term. In addition, the 2001 dummy variable is negative and statistically significant. The crisis in 2001 slowed down the economic growth rate. This situation also caused reduction of environmental pollution. Moreover, the long run estimates indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in Turkey. However, the turning point of per capita income was calculated as $16,045 that outside of the analyzed period. As economic activities increase, human pressure on nature continues to increase. Consequently, the only factor that reduces the ecological footprint has been determined as exports. In contrast, economic growth and clean energy consumption cannot be used as a tool to reduce the ecological footprint. Turkey needs a higher level of per capita income than the threshold level to improve environmental quality.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN GEORGIA AS AN INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTING TO ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
L.V. Detochenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

The role and place of the tourism industry in the economic complex of Georgia are considered; the conclusion is made about the “tourist miracle” taking place in the country, which is a factor of the economic growth of the republic. The differences between the concepts of “foreign visitors” and “foreign tourists” are presented. The increase in the contribution of the tourism industry and related industries involved in the tourism industry in the creation of the gross domestic product of the country, its impact on the growth of the Georgian budget and GDP per capita, the average monthly wage is shown. The conclusion about the need to increase the share of medium and long-term tourists among foreign visitors and tourists in the country is justified. The problems of the return of tourists, the long-term stay in Georgia, the differences of the countries-generators of tourist flows by these indicators have been studied. The changes in work and the prospects of various types of transport for the delivery of tourists to Georgia are analyzed, the measures to improve the tourist transport component are proposed. The correlation between the number of tourist arrivals and the average cost of tourists visiting Georgia from different countries is shown and the economic profitability of attracting Russian tourists, capable of filling all the tourist destinations of the country, contributing to the “tourist miracle” of Georgia is considered.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danjuma Maijama'a ◽  
Shamzaeffa Samsudin ◽  
Shazida jan Mohd Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>This study investigates the effects of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic growth in 42<br />sub-Saharan African countries using data spanning from 1990-2013. Unlike previous studies,<br />we use a longer data horizon and take the time lag effect of the epidemic’s incubation period<br />that is, after it might have developed to AIDS into consideration in our estimations. We<br />estimated an empirical growth equation within an augmented Solow model and applied the<br />dynamic system GMM estimator. The results suggest that current HIV prevalence rate –<br />associated with rising morbidity, has a negative effect on GDP per capita growth, conversely<br />AIDS – associated with higher mortality in addition to morbidity, increases per capita GDP<br />growth.</p>

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