scholarly journals FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN GEORGIA AS AN INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTING TO ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
L.V. Detochenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

The role and place of the tourism industry in the economic complex of Georgia are considered; the conclusion is made about the “tourist miracle” taking place in the country, which is a factor of the economic growth of the republic. The differences between the concepts of “foreign visitors” and “foreign tourists” are presented. The increase in the contribution of the tourism industry and related industries involved in the tourism industry in the creation of the gross domestic product of the country, its impact on the growth of the Georgian budget and GDP per capita, the average monthly wage is shown. The conclusion about the need to increase the share of medium and long-term tourists among foreign visitors and tourists in the country is justified. The problems of the return of tourists, the long-term stay in Georgia, the differences of the countries-generators of tourist flows by these indicators have been studied. The changes in work and the prospects of various types of transport for the delivery of tourists to Georgia are analyzed, the measures to improve the tourist transport component are proposed. The correlation between the number of tourist arrivals and the average cost of tourists visiting Georgia from different countries is shown and the economic profitability of attracting Russian tourists, capable of filling all the tourist destinations of the country, contributing to the “tourist miracle” of Georgia is considered.

scholarly journals THE CONTRIBUTION OF MIGRATION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ZAGREB

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinko Miličević ◽  
Danijel Knežević ◽  
Zoran Bubaš
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The problems in this paper belong to the field of migration and economy. The connection between migration and the economy has been proven on a global level, and as far as the Republic of Croatia is concerned, it is especially important to observe it through the City of Zagreb, which is the most important migration and economic center in the Republic of Croatia. Also, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union emphasized the observation and research of this connection because it created the preconditions for freer movement and employment of the population of the Republic of Croatia and the City of Zagreb within the European Union. The aim of this paper is to determine the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The hypothesis presented in the paper is that there is a significant contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The disposition of the paper consists of six parts. The introduction explains the relevance of the topic, states the aim of the paper and hypotheses, explains the empirical part, the contribution of the paper and the disposition. The second part of the paper refers to the theoretical framework of the impact of migration on economic growth. The third part of the paper presents the migration processes of the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2018. The fourth part deals with economic activity in the City of Zagreb in the period from 2011 to 2017. The observed indicators of economic activity in the City of Zagreb are GDP and GDP per capita, and the graph in this part of the paper shows that GDP and GDP per capita in the observed period are higher at the end of the period than at the beginning. The fifth part of the paper refers to the empirical research of the contribution of migration to the economic growth of the City of Zagreb. The empirical part of the paper is based on correlations and regression analyses. This paper proves the hypothesis because the results indicate a significant impact of the variables of total and external migration on the GDP of the City of Zagreb and GDP per capita of the City of Zagreb. Decision-makers in the City of Zagreb can use the results of the research as a basis for maximizing the economic benefits they can get from migration. The conclusion provides an overview of the aim of the work, the results of the research, the limitations, the implications and the recommendations for future research.

A Comparison of the Economic Growth of the Baltic States between the Two World Wars

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThis paper contributes to cliometric research on the economic output of Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia between 1913 and 1938. For Finland, gross domestic product (GDP) values from Maddison project dataset are accepted. For Estonia, Arno Köörna’s and Jaak Valge’s estimates are endorsed with reservations for 1923–1924. According to an optimistic estimate, Lithuania’s GDP per capita was below all-Russian mean in 1913, but was not less than USSR level in 1938, while Gediminas Vaskela’s pessimistic estimate of the 1938 Lithuanian GDP implies its GDP growth underperformance. Using new sources, the first estimates of Latvia’s output for the 1913–1938 period in cross-country and cross-temporally comparable measurement units (1990 Geary Khamis international $) are substantiated. Under optimistic estimates of Lithuanian GDP growth, this country was on par with Finland in terms of annual growth rates, with Latvia following next and Estonia displaying the weakest growth performance.

scholarly journals Economic growth on the periphery: estimates of GDP per capita of the Congress Kingdom of Poland (for years 1870–1912)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Koryś ◽  
Maciej Tymiński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper presents the estimates of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Congress Kingdom of Poland for the period 1870–1912. The authors used bottom-up methodology and calculated sectoral added values using historical economic, social, and demographic data. The presented results offer first ever insight into the structure of sectoral added values in the Congress Kingdom of Poland during the period of first globalization and first reliable estimates of GDP of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. All results are presented in Geary–Khamis dollars PPP1990 and are compatible with Maddison dataset.

Indo-Pacific Economic Architecture: An ASEAN Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 381-383
Author(s):  
Ronald Eberhard Tundang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
Global Economic Growth

For over five decades, countries in Southeast Asia and its surroundings in Asia, the Pacific Ocean, and Pacific Rim have enjoyed peace and stability, upon which economic growth and welfare have accumulated. The marvel of uninterrupted development has transformed them into a group of countries that are part of the engines of global economic growth. Over the period of 1967 until 2017, Southeast Asian region recorded growth in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita almost thirty-three times bigger, from USD 122 to USD 4,021. In 2016, the region represented 6.2 percent GDP of the world in 2016, almost doubled the share in 1967 at just 3.2 percent. The period also saw an immense trade growth from USD 9.7 billion to USD 2.2 trillion. Right now the region has become the third largest economy in Asia and the fifth largest in the world.

scholarly journals Two concerns about the interpretation of the estimates of historical national accounts before 1850

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-300
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten van Zanden ◽  
Jutta Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractAs contribution to the debate about the interpretation of the process of economic growth before the Industrial Revolution, we discuss two concerns about the currently available estimates of historical national accounts and the way in which these estimates should be interpreted. Firstly, we argue that estimates of the long-term trends of economic growth should make use of all information contained in time series of Gross Domestic Product (GDP henceforth), and therefore use standard regression analysis to establish those trends. Secondly, we point to the problem that the time series of historical GDP are based on very different estimation procedures, which probably affect the outcome in terms of the level of GDP per capita in the period before 1850. Both concerns imply that we do not entirely agree with Jack Goldstone’s views of pre-industrial growth. In particular, his conclusion that growth was cyclical before 1800 is inconsistent with the available GDP estimates, which point to sustained growth, albeit at a very low rate.

scholarly journals A VECM Analysis of the Relations the CPI, PPI, GDP Per Capita, Exchange Rate in the Republic of Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Revana I. Davudova
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

Aims:  The study focuses on an empirical analysis of a macroeconomic indicators system,  that reflect the level and pace of a country's socio-economic development, such as CPI, PPI, GDP per capita, exchange rate, taking into account the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic and oil prices  on the example Republic of Azerbaijan. Study Design:  The study consists of four sections. It includes Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusion. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 4 months of 2020 in the department of "Mathematical support of economic research" of the Institute of Economics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Methodology: Within the dynamic VEC model, taking into account the COVID19 pandemic and oil prices, the long-run and short-run effects of macro indicators system on each other were studied by means of causality, impulse responses and variance decomposition on the monthly statistics covering the period 2015M01-2020M07 for the Republic of Azerbaijan. Results: Calculations based on the established stable VEC (5) model revealed that there is a long-term causal relationship from the triad (CPI, PPI, Ex_Rate) to all endogenous variables. There are a short-term bi-directional causal relationship between CPI and GDP_Per_Capita and between PPI and Ex_Rate. From PPI and Ex_Rate to GDP_Per_Capita; from Ex_Rate to CPI, there are a unidirectional short-term causal relationship. Conclusion: Summarizing the results, we can write the following long-term expressions: the change   a) in the GDP_per_Cap is influenced by the PPI and CPI variables negatively, and Ex_Rate – positively; b) in the CPI is influenced by the GDP_per_Cap and PPI variables negatively, and Ex_Rate – positively; c) in the PPI is influenced by the Ex_Rate and CPI variables negatively, and GDP_per_Cap – positively, so that the negative influence of the CPI is greater; d) in the Ex_Rate is influenced by the PPI and CPI variables negatively, and GDP_per_Cap – positively. Has been also identified that the indicator PPI has a more negative effect on changes in GDP_per_Cap, CPI and Ex_Rate.

scholarly journals GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of globalization toward economic growth in ASEAN countries during 2012 to 2017. The research method used judgmental sampling with samples of 11 countries. They were Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The analysis used path analysis to examine the impact between the variables of globalization and economic growth. Globalization was determined by globalization index, economic globalization, social globalization, and politic globalization. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita are used as a proxy for economic growth. The finding results are that globalization index, economic globalization, social globalization, and politic globalization have a significant positive association with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Overall globalization evidence the positive impact on economic growth in ASEAN Countries.

scholarly journals GREEN ECONOMY AND ACCESS TO FINANCE IN GEORGIA (GOING BEYOND THE COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR TO FINANCE BUSINESSES IN GEORGIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
DAVID ASLANISHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

This research will explore other possible financial vehicles that go beyond traditional sources of private capital offered by commercial banks. It will look at international experience and the opportunities to use public support, green bonds to raise green finance as well as the work of energy service companies (ESCOs) to finance green investments. We have offered our view of what should be done in fact (not in paper in Georgia as it has been in the past 15 years) to change the situation and end the negative and harmful monopoly of the commercial banks and the National Bank of Georgia and to have in place the two independent sources to attract and invest resources in Georgia. This will increase the capitalization of the country and is a proven way to eradicate the country›s lagging and accelerate economic growth. Why should we focus on this issue? 1. According to WHO›s latest data, over 7 million people die each year because of breathing air with solid particles, and one of its main pollutants is vehicles. (Cereceda Rafael, Cuddy Alice. 2018.....) 2. Georgia’s Capital - Tbilisi - is occupying the 3rd place in the light of air pollution, 3. Due to the critical situation, the public demand to live in a clean ecological environment, day by day increases. In our research the following Questions are discussed and overviewed: • Is it important to act on the issues of Georgia›s position on the global scale? • What unique components can be used to prolong the average life of people? • What investors do the country need for building ecoprojects and their realization? • What type of ecofriendly technologies can be developed for potential customers in Georgia? In that field we have studied the following: • The links between economic growth, green growth (e.g. clean energy), high living standards and capital markets; • Why the Commercial Banks are the main and the only source of finance for green (and not only) investments in Georgia; • Situation on capital markets of Georgia (stock and bond markets) - as an indicator of economic growth and an alternative source of financing; • Possible benefits of non-bank financing, including for clean energy projects and the SME sector (e.g. small hydro, energy efficiency); • The role of government in supporting capital market development; • The role of international community (donors, IFIs, international organization) to support Georgia’s efforts to develop capital markets Georgia – Recent level of development To illustrate the wide gap between the developed economy and the weak one, let us compare the current level of per capita GDP of Switzerland, Hungary, Poland to Georgian one (source: https://tradingeconomics.com/switzerland/gdpper-capita; https://tradingeconomics.com/poland/gdp-percapita; https://tradingeconomics.com/hungary/gdp-per-capita; https://tradingeconomics.com/georgia/gdp-per-capita); • The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Switzerland was last recorded at 76667.44 US dollars in 2017. The GDP per Capita in Switzerland is equivalent to 607 percent of the world›s average. • The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Hungary was last recorded at 15647.85 US dollars in 2017. The GDP per Capita in Hungary is equivalent to 124 percent of the world›s average. • The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Poland was last recorded at 15751.23 US dollars in 2017. The GDP per Capita in Poland is equivalent to 125 percent of the world›s average. • The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Georgia was last recorded at 4290.17 US dollars in 2017).The GDP per Capita in Georgia is equivalent to 34 percent of the world›s average.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Development of Entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia with a Special Focus on Female Entrepreneurship

JWEE ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Snežana Radukić ◽  
Jelena Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship is a significant factor of the economic development of developed and transition countries. In the literature, special attention is paid to the entrepreneurship development and its impact on the economic growth and economic development of the transition countries. However, insufficient attention is paid to economic growth as a factor of the entrepreneurship development in transition countries. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the impact of economic growth on the entrepreneurship development in the Republic of Serbia and its regions. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between the gross domestic product (GDP) and the number of entrepreneurs as well as between GDP per capita and the number of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia. Also, the results indicated that GDP per capita has a significant impact on the development of female entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals Is the savings-led growth hypothesis valid for Zimbabwe?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Per Capita

This study investigates the long run relationship between economic growth and gross domestic savings for Zimbabwe during the period 1980 to 2011. The causality relationship between savings and economic growth has been a subject of extensive debate for almost half a century now. There are currently two dominant views regarding the relationship between savings and economic growth. The first view maintains that it is the growth of savings that drives economic growth. The second view argues that it is economic growth that spurs savings expansion. Using the case study methodology, the study revealed that GDP per capita had a significant positive influence on the quantity and level of gross domestic savings and not the other way round. Policies that are targeted at boosting GDP per capita should be accelerated in order to promote long-term and sustainable growth gross domestic savings for in Zimbabwe

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