scholarly journals Eastern Imperial Eagle in Agricultural Lands in Kharkiv Region of Ukraine: the Results of Seventeen Years of Monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Stanislav G. Viter ◽  
◽  
Nikita S. Tolstyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
Imperial Eagle ◽  
Aquila Heliaca ◽  
Breeding Groups

A study on the population of Eastern Imperial Eagle (EIE) (Aquila heliaca) in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine was begun in 2003. About 40% of the region was surveyed during this study. In 2018-2020 an EIE counting was done on our study plots covering suitable nesting habitats of the species and 78 individuals of EIE were recorded. Comparing with 2005–2012 count when 81 EIEs were recorded and the population size was estimated as 50 breeding pairs it is possible to conclude that the population nowadays is stable. However, in some local breeding groups, the number is tending to decline. For instance, in the pine forests in the valley of the Siversky Donets river, the decline is caused by habitat destruction and human disturbance during the breeding period due to woodcutting. To prevent the future decreasing, since 2016 a new legislation prohibits logging activity in woodlands of Ukraine from the 1st of April till 15th of June. On the contrary, in the agricultural area in the south and southeast of the Kharkiv region, population growth was observed. In 2018–2020 we found 29 inhabited nests of Eastern Imperial Eagles located in agricultural open lands (16 nests), in vast oak forest (1 nest), and in pine forests of the Siversky Donets river valley (12 nests). In 2019, a significant difference was found in the breeding success of pairs inhabited agricultural lands (100% successful cases) that in pine forests (40%).

scholarly journals Breeding Population Structure of the Eastern Imperial Eagle

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-332
Author(s):  
Igor V. Karyakin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Imperial Eagle ◽  
Aquila Heliaca ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
Breeding Groups

For purposes of this article, the analysis of 1765 literature sources was made on the distribution of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). The information on the localization of breeding territories of this species over the past 30 years was collected into one dataset. Based on the above data, cell mapping and GIS analysis of the distribution of real and potential breeding territories of the Eastern Imperial Eagle were made. On this basis, 21 populations of this species were identified (24, including extinct ones). The populations are divided into 42 breeding groups (51, including extinct ones). The Eastern Imperial Eagle world population is estimated by different methods in the range from 8.1 to 11.9 thousand breeding pairs. The abundance of the Eastern Imperial Eagle in the world is estimated an optimal at 8099–9981 breeding pairs, based, among other things, on expert data. The biggest number of the species is concentrated in the populations of West Kazakhstan (1116–1292 pairs), the Volga-Kama Region (908–962 pairs), and the Caucasus-Asia Minor Region (821–900 pairs). Together with the Altai (770–797 pairs), South Ural (700–725 pairs), and Desert (430–570 pairs) populations, this is more than half (58.34%) of the total world population of the species. A large Eurasian metapopulation occupying a vast territory from the Seversky Donets Basin in the west to the mountains of Central Asia (Tien Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tarbagatai), Altai and Kuznetsk Alatau in the east, and covering the forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert zones, as well as the northern desert zone, form 14 modern populations with a total area of 2.6 million sq.km. The boundaries between them are rather arbitrary, especially under the current growth of several species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Human Disturbance on the Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Myanmar Tropical Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cremonesi ◽  
Francesco Bisi ◽  
Lorenzo Gaffi ◽  
Thet Zaw ◽  
Hla Naing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Statistical Approaches

The effects of human disturbance represent one of the major threats for wildlife conservation. Many studies have shown that wildlife avoids or reduces direct contact with human activities through changes in activity patterns, and by minimizing spatiotemporal overlap. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of human presence on the temporal activity of medium-to-large mammals using two areas in Myanmar that differ in the intensity of human disturbance. We monitored temporal segregation mechanisms using camera trapping data and with two statistical approaches: daily activity overlaps between humans and wildlife and circular statistics. We did not find a significant difference in overlapping activity between areas but, thanks to circular statistics, we found that some species show changes in activity patterns, suggesting temporal avoidance. We observed that the daily activity of five species differed between areas of Myanmar, likely adopting mechanisms to reduce overlap in areas highly frequented by humans. Interestingly, these species are all threatened by hunting or poaching activities, four of which have been described in literature as “cathemeral”, or species that are active through day and night. This study suggests that some species adapt their behavior, at least partially, to avoid human presence in habitats with higher anthropic occurrence and increase our knowledge on the status of medium–large mammals in a poorly studied country as Myanmar.

scholarly journals Ornithocenosis Structure in Fresh and Wet Sudubravas of Kyiv Polissya during the Breeding Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
A. V. Plyha
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Species Lists

Abstract This research was carried out in Kyiv Polissya geobotanical province, in one of most common woods type - fresh and wet sudubravas. Its purpose is to determine ornithocenosis structure in different age groups of this type of forest. To achieve that, forest bird species lists were composed, their population density and that of ecological groups of birds were calculated. In the course of the research in the breeding periods of 2013-2014, two-time surveys were carried out on 12 survey routes of total length 33 km. For further analysis, forests were divided into age groups: 0-20 years, 20-40 years, 40-60 years, 60-80 years, 80-100 years and forests over 100 years. Altogether 53 bird species were found. Species lists were poorest in the forests of 0-20 years (18 species), and richest in the forests over 100 years (39 species). Minimal population density was 473 individuals per square kilometer in the youngest forest age group of 0-20 years, maximal - 2155 individuals per square kilometer in pine forests aged over 100 years. Analysis of different population densities of ecological groups reveals steadily growing numbers of hollow-nesting birds and tree-nesting birds in accordance with aging of the forests. In older forests hollow-nesting birds constitute an absolute majority. Population density of another ecological group shows no such direct tendency.

Current Efforts to Monitor and Conserve the Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca in Hungary

AMBIO ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Kovács ◽  
Iván Demeter ◽  
Imre Fatér ◽  
János Bagyura ◽  
Károly Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imperial Eagle ◽  
Aquila Heliaca

Reproduction and growth of the spiny lebbeid shrimp, Lebbeus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1775) (Caridea, Hippolytidae) in the East Sea of Korea

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1430-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Jin Bae ◽  
Chul-Woong Oh
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Egg Stages

Reproduction and growth of the spiny lebbeid shrimp, Lebbeus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1775), were investigated based on samples in the East Sea of Korea [= Sea of Japan], from January 2012 to April 2013. We collected 2964 shrimp samples during the study period, which included significantly more females than males (male : female ratio, 1.0 : 1.17). The females were generally larger than the males, and significant differences in the linear-regression slopes of carapace length (CL) versus body weight between the sexes indicate sex-specific differences in allometric growth. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied monthly, reaching a maximum in November 2012 (10.28) and a minimum in March 2013 (2.15). The proportion of ovigerous females varied from month to month. The highest values of the GSI coincided with the breeding period, and there was a significant difference between the mean GSI of females with non-eyed and those with eyed eggs, indicating that L. groenlandicus is a consecutive breeder. There was a significant correlation between CL and the number of eggs (EN) in the early egg stages. There was also a significant difference in the slopes of the regressions of CL versus EN between females carrying non-eyed and eyed egg stages. Based on the dry weights in the early egg stages, reproductive output was determined to be 0.18 ± 0.006. The Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were CL∞ = 38.80 mm, year−1, , and WP = 0.4 for males, and CL∞ = 43.64 mm, year−1, , and WP = 0.6 for females. The growth performance index () was 2.86 for males and 2.89 for females.

scholarly journals Morpho-ecological Characteristics of an Invasive Vine (Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.) to Varying Light Intensities in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Los Baňos, Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banjie Godilano-Sarmiento ◽  
Nestor T. Baguinon ◽  
Cristino L. Tiburan Jr. ◽  
Nathaniel C. Bantayan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Level Of Significance

Invasive species represent the second most remarkable cause of extinction worldwide after habitat destruction (IUCN, 2011). Skyflower (Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.) that is slowly invading Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) was subjected to varying light intensities. Morpho-ecological characters were evaluated using Analysis of Variance for Randomized Complete Block Design. Bonferonni’s method at 5% level of significance was used for mean comparison.  Plant height, number of leaves and nodes were higher in 0% (open condition) and 50% (partial shade) compared to those grown in 70% (complete shade). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in stem thickness, biomass, and chlorophyll content in all treatments. Leaf area was smallest in plants grown in the open condition. There was significant difference between the two locations (greenhouse and field) for the number of nodes, number of leaves, and stem thickness (P<0.05). Skyflower has strong morphological plasticity in open and partially shaded areas but can also thrive in areas with low light intensity. It is capable of smothering canopies and continues to spread on the lower slopes of MMFR. An Aspect Map generated from a Digital Elevation Model in ArcGIS can be used to distinguish sites with minimum or maximum sun exposure and serve as a useful tool to identify priority areas for the extirpation of Skyflower in MMFR, Luzon, Philippines.

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