The Role of Txnip in Mitophagy Dysregulation and Inflammasome Activation in Diabetic Retinopathy: A New Perspective

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare cytokine levels in the vitreous body of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing posterior vitrectomy. Patients and methods: The study included 39 patients (39 eyes) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Patients were divided into three groups: patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without aflibercept injection prior to the surgery, PDR patients administered aflibercept injection prior to the surgery, and patients without diabetes mellitus (control group). All patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination one day before and 3 weeks after the surgery, including measurements of: best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SOCT). Concentrations of cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-1β were measured in the vitreous body of patients with BD™ Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Inflammatory Cytokines Kit. Results: PDR patients who received pretreatment with aflibercept injection showed significantly lower concentrations of IL-12p70, TNF, IL-10 and IL-1β in the vitreous body compared to the control group. Meanwhile, patients without prior aflibercept injection had a significantly higher concentration of IL-8. There was also a significant positive correlation between IOP before PPV and IL-8 concentration in both PDR patients’ groups. Conclusion: Findings of our study suggest an important role of IL-8 in the development of severe PDR. Aflibercept administration on the day before elective vitrectomy facilitated the surgery.

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Role of Endothelin in Diabetic Retinopathy

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570161033476600 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hing-Chung Lam ◽

Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽

Chih-Chen Lu ◽

Chih-Hsun Chu ◽

Ming-Ju Chuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy

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Epilogue

10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno and

Keyword(s):

Sensory Processing ◽

Multisensory Processing ◽

Multisensory Perception ◽

Future Directions ◽

Life Problems ◽

Multisensory Interactions ◽

Contemporary Work ◽

New Perspective

Multisensory interactions in perception are pervasive and fundamental, as we have documented throughout this book. In this final chapter, we propose that contemporary work on multisensory processing is a paradigm shift in perception science, calling for a radical reconsideration of empirical and theoretical questions within an entirely new perspective. In making our case, we emphasize that multisensory perception is the norm, not the exception, and we remark that multisensory interactions can occur early in sensory processing. We reiterate the key notions that multisensory interactions come in different kinds and that principles of multisensory processing must be considered when tackling multisensory daily-life problems. We discuss the role of unisensory processing in a multisensory world, and we conclude by suggesting future directions for the multisensory field.

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Shifting Concepts

10.1093/oso/9780198803331.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Experimental Philosophy ◽

Central Area ◽

Linguistic Meaning ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Important Work ◽

Linguistic Communication ◽

New Perspective ◽

Semantic Properties ◽

Conceptual Variation

Concepts stand at the centre of human cognition. We use concepts in categorizing objects and events in the world, in reasoning and action, and in social interaction. It is therefore not surprising that the study of concepts constitutes a central area of research in philosophy and psychology. Since the 1970s, psychologists have carried out intriguing experiments testing the role of concepts in categorizing and reasoning, and have found a great deal of variation in categorization behaviour across individuals and cultures. During the same period, philosophers of language and mind did important work on the semantic properties of concepts, and on how concepts are related to linguistic meaning and linguistic communication. An important motivation behind this was the idea that concepts must be shared, across individuals and cultures. However, there was little interaction between these two research programs until recently. With the dawn of experimental philosophy, the proposal that the experimental data from psychology lacks relevance to semantics is increasingly difficult to defend. Moreover, in the last decade, philosophers have approached questions about the tension between conceptual variation and shared concepts in communication from a new perspective: that of ameliorating concepts for theoretical or for social and political purposes. The volume brings together leading psychologists and philosophers working on concepts who come from these different research traditions.

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Structure of the full-length human Pannexin1 channel and insights into its role in pyroptosis

Cell Discovery ◽

10.1038/s41421-021-00259-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sensen Zhang ◽

Baolei Yuan ◽

Jordy Homing Lam ◽

Jun Zhou ◽

Xuan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Md Simulation ◽

Potential Role ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Full Length ◽

Inflammasome Activation ◽

Simulation Studies ◽

Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽

Gating Mechanism ◽

Atp Efflux

AbstractPannexin1 (PANX1) is a large-pore ATP efflux channel with a broad distribution, which allows the exchange of molecules and ions smaller than 1 kDa between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In this study, we show that in human macrophages PANX1 expression is upregulated by diverse stimuli that promote pyroptosis, which is reminiscent of the previously reported lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of PANX1 during inflammasome activation. To further elucidate the function of PANX1, we propose the full-length human Pannexin1 (hPANX1) model through cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies, establishing hPANX1 as a homo-heptamer and revealing that both the N-termini and C-termini protrude deeply into the channel pore funnel. MD simulations also elucidate key energetic features governing the channel that lay a foundation to understand the channel gating mechanism. Structural analyses, functional characterizations, and computational studies support the current hPANX1-MD model, suggesting the potential role of hPANX1 in pyroptosis during immune responses.

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Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews ◽

10.1007/s10555-021-09962-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amina Jouida ◽

Cormac McCarthy ◽

Aurelie Fabre ◽

Michael P. Keane

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Egfr Mutations ◽

Functional Effect ◽

Prognosis And Prediction ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

New Perspective ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Egfr Mutated

AbstractExosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.

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