Gender can be considered an embodied social concept, encompassing physical, biological, and concrete aspects, as well as cultural, linguistic, and abstract dimensions. In this study we explored whether the conceptual structure of gender—as expressed in participants’ free-listing responses and ratings—varies as a function of different cultural and linguistic norms and gender-related experiences. Specifically, we compared Italian, Dutch, and English speaking participants, three communities that vary in their social treatment of gender-related issues and in how they linguistically encode gender. Additionally, we assessed the impact of differential gender-experiences by comparing participants that varied by gender-normativity in each sample. Within each community there were considerable individual differences in the representation of gender with heterogeneous associations ranging from more strictly physical and concrete ones (e.g., male, female) to more social and abstract (e.g., feminism, performativity). Nevertheless, we also found stable cross-cultural differences in the concept of gender. For example, Italian participants mainly focused on abstract, social, and cultural features (e.g., discrimination, politics, power), whereas Dutch participants produced more concrete features related to the corporeal sphere (e.g., hormones, breasts, genitals). Our results show that gender is a composite and flexible concept that can be represented in more abstract or concrete terms depending on cultural context. Importantly, this suggests that in the conceptual representation of gender both aspects are relevant, but that culture differentially shapes the concept of gender making some aspects more salient than others.