scholarly journals Quantifying the Albumin Content of 14 Tropical Maize Varieties in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agyemang-Duah E
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Albumin Content

scholarly journals Investigating the Type of Gene Action Conditioning Tolerance to Aluminum (Al) Toxicity in Tropical Maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Victoria Ndeke ◽  
Langa Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Maize is a third important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice. In Zambia, it is an important staple crop. Its production is however hampered by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors, Aluminum (Al) toxicity causes high yield losses and is directly linked to acidic soils. Application of lime can ameliorate this problem, but it is expensive for small scale farmers. Developing maize varieties that are tolerant to Al toxicity is cheaper and feasible for small scale farmers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of gene action conditioning tolerance to aluminum toxicity in tropical maize.  Eleven inbred lines were mated in an 8 male (4 moderately tolerant and 4 susceptible) x 3 female (resistant) North Carolina Design II. Results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) effects due to both males and females were highly significant (P≤ 0.001) for root biomass. The shoot length GCA effects due to both male and female respectively were significant (P≤ 0.01). Similarly, the GCA effects due to females and males for root length were significant, P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.05 respectively. The genotype CML 511 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (1.40) for root length among the male lines while CML 538 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (0.92) among the female lines. The baker’s ratio for root length was found to be 0.49 implying that both additive and non-additive gene action were important in conditioning aluminum toxicity tolerance in tropical maize.

scholarly journals Mapping-by-Sequencing via MutMap Identifies a Mutation in ZmCLE7 Underlying Fasciation in a Newly Developed EMS Mutant Population in an Elite Tropical Maize Inbred

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Hong Tran ◽  
Ngoc Hong Bui ◽  
Christian Kappel ◽  
Nga Thi Ngoc Dau ◽  
Loan Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutations ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Comparable Quality ◽  
Mapping By Sequencing

Induced point mutations are important genetic resources for their ability to create hypo- and hypermorphic alleles that are useful for understanding gene functions and breeding. However, such mutant populations have only been developed for a few temperate maize varieties, mainly B73 and W22, yet no tropical maize inbred lines have been mutagenized and made available to the public to date. We developed a novel Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation resource in maize comprising 2050 independent M2 mutant families in the elite tropical maize inbred ML10. By phenotypic screening, we showed that this population is of comparable quality with other mutagenized populations in maize. To illustrate the usefulness of this population for gene discovery, we performed rapid mapping-by-sequencing to clone a fasciated-ear mutant and identify a causal promoter deletion in ZmCLE7 (CLE7). Our mapping procedure does not require crossing to an unrelated parent, thus is suitable for mapping subtle traits and ones affected by heterosis. This first EMS population in tropical maize is expected to be very useful for the maize research community. Also, the EMS mutagenesis and rapid mapping-by-sequencing pipeline described here illustrate the power of performing forward genetics in diverse maize germplasms of choice, which can lead to novel gene discovery due to divergent genetic backgrounds.

Assessment of iron bioavailability from twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties using anin vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester O Oikeh ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Ross M Welch ◽  
Raymond P Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties

Assessment of nitrogen uptake and utilization in drought tolerant andStrigaresistant tropical maize varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Sylvester U. Ewansiha ◽  
Abebe Menkir
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties

Genotypic Differences in Concentration and Bioavailability of Kernel‐Iron in Tropical Maize Varieties Grown Under Field Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2307-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester O. Oikeh ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Bussie Maziya‐Dixon ◽  
Ross Welch ◽  
Raymond P. Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties

scholarly journals Beat the stress: breeding for climate resilience in maize for the tropical rainfed environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boddupalli M. Prasanna ◽  
Jill E. Cairns ◽  
P. H. Zaidi ◽  
Yoseph Beyene ◽  
Dan Makumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Key message Intensive public sector breeding efforts and public-private partnerships have led to the increase in genetic gains, and deployment of elite climate-resilient maize cultivars for the stress-prone environments in the tropics. Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) plays a critical role in ensuring food and nutritional security, and livelihoods of millions of resource-constrained smallholders. However, maize yields in the tropical rainfed environments are now increasingly vulnerable to various climate-induced stresses, especially drought, heat, waterlogging, salinity, cold, diseases, and insect pests, which often come in combinations to severely impact maize crops. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), in partnership with several public and private sector institutions, has been intensively engaged over the last four decades in breeding elite tropical maize germplasm with tolerance to key abiotic and biotic stresses, using an extensive managed stress screening network and on-farm testing system. This has led to the successful development and deployment of an array of elite stress-tolerant maize cultivars across sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Further increasing genetic gains in the tropical maize breeding programs demands judicious integration of doubled haploidy, high-throughput and precise phenotyping, genomics-assisted breeding, breeding data management, and more effective decision support tools. Multi-institutional efforts, especially public–private alliances, are key to ensure that the improved maize varieties effectively reach the climate-vulnerable farming communities in the tropics, including accelerated replacement of old/obsolete varieties.

Assessment of Concentrations of Iron and Zinc and Bioavailable Iron in Grains of Early-Maturing Tropical Maize Varieties

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3688-3694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester O. Oikeh ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Ross Welch ◽  
Raymond P. Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Phosphorus Efficiency and Root Exudates in Two Contrasting Tropical Maize Varieties

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Corrales ◽  
Montserrat Amenós ◽  
Charlotte Poschenrieder ◽  
Juan Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties

Dissection of mechanisms of resistance to Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin using tropical maize germplasm

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garrido-Bazan ◽  
G. Mahuku ◽  
M. Bibbins-Martinez ◽  
A. Arroyo-Bacerra ◽  
M. Ángel Villalobos-López
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties

Aspergillus flavus induced ear rots and subsequent contamination of maize (Zea mays L.) by aflatoxin is a serious food safety issue, especially in developing countries where the crop is mostly cultivated by smallholder famers for own consumption and income generation. A better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance could help breeders to develop resistant maize varieties. In this study, a set of six tropical maize inbred lines previously identified as resistant or susceptible under natural field conditions were evaluated for response to A. flavus colonisation and aflatoxin contamination. Fungal biomass was significantly higher (P<0.05) in susceptible than resistant maize inbred lines, and this was highly correlated (P=0.001) to aflatoxin levels. Maize inbred lines MRI, MR2 and MR3 had low fungal biomass and low aflatoxin levels, suggesting that resistance in these lines was mediated through restricted fungal colonisation and establishment. Among the three putatively resistant inbred lines mentioned above, MR2 had a relatively high colonisation compared to the other two lines, revealing that A. flavus could establish and colonise kernels that were injured during inoculation, but did not contain high levels of aflatoxin. This could signify the presence of host genes that interfere with the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.

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