Assessment of Concentrations of Iron and Zinc and Bioavailable Iron in Grains of Early-Maturing Tropical Maize Varieties

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3688-3694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester O. Oikeh ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Ross Welch ◽  
Raymond P. Glahn
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Environmental stability of iron and zinc concentrations in grain of elite early-maturing tropical maize genotypes grown under field conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. OIKEH ◽  
A. MENKIR ◽  
B. MAZIYA-DIXON ◽  
R. M. WELCH ◽  
R. P. GLAHN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

Assessment of the stability of micronutrients is important in breeding for the enhanced nutritional quality of staple food crops as a means to alleviate malnutrition. Twenty early-maturing elite tropical maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were evaluated over 2 years at three locations representing three distinct agroecologies in West and Central Africa (WCA). The objectives were to analyse the pattern of genotype×environment interactions (GEI) and environmental stability of iron and zinc concentrations in grain using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) statistical model. Results indicated that the effects of genotypes, environments and GEI were significant (P<0·05) for both micronutrients. The effect of GEI was about double the contribution of the genotypes for grain iron and more than double the effect of genotypes for grain zinc. Partitioning of GEI indicated that variety×location was the dominant source of a significant amount of GEI for both micronutrients. Scores of the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA1 and IPCA2) from the AMMI were significant and accounted for 0·68–0·75 of the pattern of GEI for both micronutrients. About half of the genotypes evaluated were stable for grain iron and zinc concentration over the set of environments. The AMMI model identified ACR98TZEMSR-W as the most stable genotype for grain iron and MAKA-SRBC5 was the most stable for grain zinc. However, the yellow genotype, AK94-DMR-ESR-Y was the most promising, with high and moderately stable concentrations of iron and zinc in the grain. Because it is yellow, with beta-carotene content and high concentrations of iron and zinc in the grain, it might significantly contribute to an improved intake of these micronutrients in populations who rely on maize for a major portion of their daily diet.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nelimor ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

scholarly journals Investigating the Type of Gene Action Conditioning Tolerance to Aluminum (Al) Toxicity in Tropical Maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Victoria Ndeke ◽  
Langa Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Maize is a third important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice. In Zambia, it is an important staple crop. Its production is however hampered by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors, Aluminum (Al) toxicity causes high yield losses and is directly linked to acidic soils. Application of lime can ameliorate this problem, but it is expensive for small scale farmers. Developing maize varieties that are tolerant to Al toxicity is cheaper and feasible for small scale farmers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of gene action conditioning tolerance to aluminum toxicity in tropical maize.  Eleven inbred lines were mated in an 8 male (4 moderately tolerant and 4 susceptible) x 3 female (resistant) North Carolina Design II. Results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) effects due to both males and females were highly significant (P≤ 0.001) for root biomass. The shoot length GCA effects due to both male and female respectively were significant (P≤ 0.01). Similarly, the GCA effects due to females and males for root length were significant, P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.05 respectively. The genotype CML 511 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (1.40) for root length among the male lines while CML 538 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (0.92) among the female lines. The baker’s ratio for root length was found to be 0.49 implying that both additive and non-additive gene action were important in conditioning aluminum toxicity tolerance in tropical maize.

Bio-fortification of iron and zinc improves the biomass, uptake, distribution and yield of different maize varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tamoor Qureshi ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Ijaz Rasool Noorka ◽  
Hasnain Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Mapping-by-Sequencing via MutMap Identifies a Mutation in ZmCLE7 Underlying Fasciation in a Newly Developed EMS Mutant Population in an Elite Tropical Maize Inbred

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Hong Tran ◽  
Ngoc Hong Bui ◽  
Christian Kappel ◽  
Nga Thi Ngoc Dau ◽  
Loan Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutations ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Comparable Quality ◽  
Mapping By Sequencing

Induced point mutations are important genetic resources for their ability to create hypo- and hypermorphic alleles that are useful for understanding gene functions and breeding. However, such mutant populations have only been developed for a few temperate maize varieties, mainly B73 and W22, yet no tropical maize inbred lines have been mutagenized and made available to the public to date. We developed a novel Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation resource in maize comprising 2050 independent M2 mutant families in the elite tropical maize inbred ML10. By phenotypic screening, we showed that this population is of comparable quality with other mutagenized populations in maize. To illustrate the usefulness of this population for gene discovery, we performed rapid mapping-by-sequencing to clone a fasciated-ear mutant and identify a causal promoter deletion in ZmCLE7 (CLE7). Our mapping procedure does not require crossing to an unrelated parent, thus is suitable for mapping subtle traits and ones affected by heterosis. This first EMS population in tropical maize is expected to be very useful for the maize research community. Also, the EMS mutagenesis and rapid mapping-by-sequencing pipeline described here illustrate the power of performing forward genetics in diverse maize germplasms of choice, which can lead to novel gene discovery due to divergent genetic backgrounds.

Performance of tropical early-maturing maize cultivars in multiple stress environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Badu-Apraku ◽  
A. Menkir ◽  
S. Ajala ◽  
R. Akinwale ◽  
M. Oyekunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growing Conditions

Maize (Zea mays L.) production in west Africa (WA) is constrained by drought, Striga hermonthica infestation and low soil nitrogen (N). Maize varieties resistant to Striga, drought, and low N are ideal for WA, but genotype × environment interaction on these traits are usually significant due to differential responses of cultivars to growing conditions. Three studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at five locations in Nigeria to evaluate the performance of selected early-maturing cultivars under drought stress versus well-watered, Striga-infested versus Striga-free, and in low- versus high-N environments. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 44%, Striga infestation by 65%, and low N by 40%. GGE biplot analysis showed that the genotypes TZE-W DT STR C4, Tillering Early DT, TZE-W DT STR QPM C0 and TZE-Y DT STR C4 performed relatively well in all study environments. TZE-W DT STR C4 and TZE Comp3 C1F2 were outstanding under drought, TZE-W DT STR C4, EVDT-W 99 STR QPM C0 and TZE-W DT STR QPMC0 under Striga infestation and Tillering Early DT, EVDT 97 STRC1, TZE-W DT STR C4, and TZE Comp3 C3 under N deficiency. Maize productivity in WA can be significantly improved by promoting cultivation of genotypes that combine high resistance/tolerance to Striga and drought with improved N-use efficiency.

Apparent digestibility and nitrogen utilization of maize silage harvested at three stages of maturity and fed to beef cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 82-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Browne ◽  
M.J. Bryant ◽  
D.E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Uk

Development of early maturing forage maize varieties has enabled the crop to be grown in more marginal areas of the UK, consequently the crop is harvested at a range of maturities and dry matter (DM) concentrations. Digestibility of maize silage DM is reported to remain relatively constant over a wide range of maturities; however very mature maize is known to suffer reduced DM digestibility (Bal, Coors and Shaver, 1997). The objective of this experiment was to measure nutrient digestibility of maize silage harvested at stages of maturity commonly experienced in the UK.

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