Insect pests and integrated pest management techniques in grain legume cultivation

AbstractThe past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.

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Urban Entomology Highlights From 2019 Help Create Integrated Pest Management Plans

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 1342-1348

Author(s):

Jennifer R Gordon

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Animal Health ◽

Bed Bugs ◽

Intervention Plan ◽

Urban Entomology ◽

Management Plans ◽

Management Professionals ◽

And Control

Abstract Urban insect pests such as ants, termites, cockroaches, and bed bugs are more than just nuisances; they often negatively impact structures, landscapes, animal health, commercial food production, food safety, and public health (mental, physical, and financial). Due to the tremendous burden these insects can inflict, researchers, manufacturers, and pest management professionals work to create solutions that effectively manage urban and structural pests. One solution that has proven useful in agriculture is the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) plan; i.e., a science-based approach to pest control that utilizes multiple tactics such as preventative tools, chemical control (sprays, fumigation, and baits), biological control, and exclusion. There are many permutations of urban IPM plans, but in general they consist of five components: 1) identifying the pest, 2) monitoring the pest, 3) developing an intervention plan (including prevention and control techniques), 4) implementing the program, and 5) recording and evaluating the results. The objectives of the current publication were to 1) highlight urban entomology research published in 2019 and 2) show how the results from these publications help pest management professionals create and implement IPM plans.

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Validation of Integrated Pest Management modules ondefoliating insect pests of soybean

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v36i4.6473 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

A. A. Motaphale ◽

B. B. Bhosle

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Larval Population ◽

Lower Population

The investigation was carried out during kharif 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 in order to know the effect of different IPM module on insect pests of soybean. Significantly lower population of (2.54 larvae/ mrl) H.armigera, per cent pod damage (4.23%) by H.armigera were observed in MAU module. The minimum larval population of semilooper (3.62 larvae/mrl), S.litura (2.64 larvae/mrl) and per cent leaflet damage (6.71%) due to leaf miner, the minimum per cent defoliation (10.49%) due to defoliators were observed in chemical control followed by MAU module.

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Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Control of Key Pests of Grapevine: A Review

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture ◽

10.21548/42-2-4479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Nxitywa ◽

A.P. Malan

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Management System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Good Condition ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Chemical Residues

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites that are used successfully as biological controlagents against key pest insects of grapevine. To achieve low chemical residues and the sustainableproduction of grapes, it is important that biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodesfor the control of grapevine insect pests be incorporated in an integrated pest management system forgrape production. However, the commercialisation and large-scale use of EPNs is limited by their shortshelf life in formulations and in storage, thus leading to poor quality and reduced efficacy against insectsin the field. In South Africa, interest in the use of EPNs within an integrated pest management system hasgrown over the past two decades, therefore developing a formulation technique with an acceptable storagesurvival period, while maintaining infectivity, is essential. Moreover, the successful control of insects usingEPNs is only achievable when the formulated product reaches the end user in good condition. This reviewis focused on the different types of formulations required for storage and ease of transport, together withthe application formulation for above-ground pests and the factors affecting them. The quality assessment,storage and handling of formulated EPNs are also discussed.

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Successful Strategies for Reducing Pesticide Use in the Landscape: Examples from California

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.8.2.150 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

J. Kabashima ◽

T.D. Paine ◽

R. Redak

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Pheromone Traps ◽

Phoracantha Semipunctata ◽

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽

Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽

Siphoninus Phillyreae ◽

Sound Management

Pesticide use in the landscape has been reduced through the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) (Holmes and Davidson, 1984, Olkowski et al., 1978; Smith and Raupp, 1986). IPM emphasizes prevention, identifying pests and their symptoms, regular surveying for pests, determining action thresholds and guidelines, and using sound management methods. Monitoring techniques such as pheromone traps, degree-day models, and ELISA kits, in addition to traditional methods, have enabled pest managers to determine accurately when to apply IPM techniques. Examples of serious California landscape insect pests successfully controlled through IPM include the ash whitefly [Siphoninus phillyreae (Halliday)], the Nantucket pine tip moth [Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock)], and the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata F.).

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Screening of Genotypes against Major Sucking Insect- Pests of Mothbean [Vigna aconitifolia] in Arid Region

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i2231479 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 80-88

Author(s):

K. L. Naga ◽

A. R. Naqvi ◽

B. L. Naga ◽

H. L. Deshwal ◽

L. Jhumar

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Arid Region ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Management Programme ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Vigna Aconitifolia ◽

Randomized Block Design

Aim: Some genotypes of mothbean were screened for their comparative preference against jassids, whiteflies and thrips. Materials and Methods: The experiment was laid out during Kharif season in Randomized Block Design with three Replications. Ten genotypes (viz., RMO-225, RMO-40, RMO-423, RMO-435, RMO-257, RMO-25, RMO-141, RMO-20-36, RMO-04-01-28 and RMO-28-80) were screened against major sucking insect pests which were replicated thrice. Observations: The observations were recorded after two weeks of sowing at weekly intervals after two weeks of sowing. The pest populations were recorded on five randomly selected and tagged plants per plot in early hours when insect have minimum activity. Results: The data revealed that none of the genotypes ware found free from sucking insect pest attack. On the basis of peak population, the genotypes RMO-25 and RMO-141 were categorized as least preferred to jassids, whiteflies and thrips, whereas, RMO-435, RMO-225 and RMO-04-01-28 as highly preferred to jassids and whiteflies and RMO-435, RMO-225 and RMO-257 as highly resistant to thrips. Conclusion: It is well known that certain genotypes of crops are less attacked by a specific insect-pest than others because of natural resistance. In the integrated pest management programme, growing of varieties (RMO-25 and RMO-141) with less preference to sucking insect-pests is one of the most important tools without additional cost.

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CAN JUVENILE HORMONE RESEARCH HELP REJUVENATE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT?

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent132263-3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 263-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michel Cusson ◽

Subba Reddy Palli

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Tree Resistance ◽

Hormone Research ◽

Degradative Enzymes ◽

The 1960S

AbstractIn the 1960s, the prediction that synthetic juvenile hormones (JHs) and their analogs would form the basis of a new generation of insecticides with enhanced target specificity greatly stimulated research on this hormone. Although JH-based insecticides were found to be effective against certain groups of insect pests, their shortcomings soon became apparent; however, current JH research provides new opportunities and ideas for the development of innovative integrated pest management (IPM) tools and strategies aimed at disrupting JH functions. Interfering with JH endocrinology requires that we either artificially increase JH titers at stages of development when titers are normally low or artificially reduce JH titers at stages of development when titers are normally high. Our discussion is organized around these two conceptual approaches and covers such areas as (i) the isolation and cloning of JH receptors; (ii) the characterization of polydnavirus and entomopoxvirus gene products responsible for the inhibition of host metamorphosis; (iii) the isolation and molecular cloning of allatostatins and the design of allatostatic pseudopeptides; (iv) the characterization of JH biosynthetic enzymes specific to the Lepidoptera; (v) the characterization of regulatory material originating from parasitic wasps of the genus Chelonus Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which induce precocious metamorphosis in their hosts; (vi) a tree resistance mechanism involving anti-JH effects resulting in the failure of female insects to produce and lay eggs; and (vii) the cloning of JH esterase and epoxide hydrolase cDNAs and the production of recombinant baculoviruses that overexpress these JH-degradative enzymes.

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Knowledge and Attitude of Malaysian Fruit Growers on Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

ASM Science Journal ◽

10.32802/asmscj.2021.804 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Yu Yang Chang

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

The Cost ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable approach for pest control. However, the adoption of IPM remains low in Malaysia. The main objectives of this study were to identify the knowledge level and attitude of Malaysian fruit farmers on IPM. A total number of 150 respondents were selected through a non-random sampling method and the data was collected through an online questionnaire. The knowledge level and attitude of the respondents were accessed on a scoring scale of one to five. The respondents recorded a moderate knowledge of IPM with a mean score of 3.36. However, farmers showed poor knowledge on different modes of action of pesticides (2.25), and the ability to identify insect pests (2.25). The respondents showed a positive attitude on IPM with a mean score of 3.58. Among the attitude aspects, farmers displayed a positive attitude on the cost-effectiveness of IPM (3.53) and are willing to learn and adopt IPM practices (4.35). The Spearman’s correlation test revealed that there was no significant correlation between age and educational level of farmers on their knowledge on IPM. The findings of this study could assist in the development of IPM programs for better country wide IPM adoption.

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