Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-472
Author(s):  
Dan Funck Jensen ◽  
◽  
Mukesh Dubey ◽  
Birgit Jensen ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence ◽  
Potential Use

The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applications worldwide. Although its mycoparasitic ability has attracted a lot of interest, C. rosea is now viewed as an ecological generalist whose lifestyle also includes plant endophytism, rhizosphere competence and polyphagous ability. Protocols for producing high amounts of C. rosea spores are available for both solid state and liquid fermentation. Low temperature and low moisture content are key factors that influence the shelf life of C. rosea propagules. Products based on C. rosea can be delivered to flowers using bumble bees, applied by spraying or as seed dressing or by incorporation into the soil. Clonostachys rosea is today an established factor in sustainable plant protection strategies.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Phytopathogens under Aquaponics Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Rivas-García ◽  
Ramsés Ramón González-Estrada ◽  
Roberto Gregorio Chiquito-Contreras ◽  
Juan José Reyes-Pérez ◽  
Uriel González-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Potential Use

Aquaponics is an alternative method of food production that confers advantages of biological and economic resource preservations. Nonetheless, one of the main difficulties related to aquaponics systems could be the outbreak and dissemination of pathogens. Conventional treatments need to be administrated carefully because they could be harmful to human, fish, plants and beneficial microorganisms. Aquaponics practitioners are relatively helpless against plant diseases when they occur, especially in the case of root pathogens. Biological control agents (BCAs) may be an effective alternative to chemical inputs for dealing with pathogens of plants under aquaponics systems. Research of BCAs on aquaponics systems is limited, but there are numerous publications on the use of BCAs to control plant pathogens under soilless systems which confirm its potential use on aquaponics systems. The present review summarized the principal plant pathogens, the conventional and alternative BCA treatments on aquaponics systems, while considering related research on aquaculture and soilless systems (i.e., hydroponic) for its applicability to aquaponics and future perspectives related to biological control. Finally, we emphasized the case that aquaponics systems provide relatively untapped potential for research on plant biological control agents. Biological control has the potential to reduce the perturbation effects of conventional treatments on microbial communities, fish and plant physiology, and the whole function of the aquaponics system.

scholarly journals Use of Competitive Filamentous Fungi as an Alternative Approach for Mycotoxin Risk Reduction in Staple Cereals: State of Art and Future Perspectives

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sarrocco ◽  
Antonio Mauro ◽  
Paola Battilani
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

Among plant fungal diseases, those affecting cereals represent a huge problem in terms of food security and safety. Cereals, such as maize and wheat, are very often targets of mycotoxigenic fungi. The limited availability of chemical plant protection products and physical methods to control mycotoxigenic fungi and to reduce food and feed mycotoxin contamination fosters alternative approaches, such as the use of beneficial fungi as an active ingredient of biological control products. Competitive interactions, including both exploitation and interference competition, between pathogenic and beneficial fungi, are generally recognized as mechanisms to control plant pathogens populations and to manage plant diseases. In the present review, two examples concerning the use of competitive beneficial filamentous fungi for the management of cereal diseases are discussed. The authors retrace the history of the well-established use of non-aflatoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus to prevent aflatoxin contamination in maize and give an overview of the potential use of competitive beneficial filamentous fungi to manage Fusarium Head Blight on wheat and mitigate fusaria toxin contamination. Although important steps have been made towards the development of microorganisms as active ingredients of plant protection products, a reasoned revision of the registration rules is needed to significantly reduce the chemical based plant protection products in agriculture.

scholarly journals Diversity of bacterial strains in biochar-enhanced Amazon soil and their potential for growth promotion and biological disease control in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288
Author(s):  
Matheus Miranda CANIATO ◽  
Aricléia de Moraes CATARINO ◽  
Thiago Fernandes SOUSA ◽  
Gilvan Ferreira da SILVA ◽  
Karina Pryscilla de Araújo BICHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Iaa Production

ABSTRACT The use of bacteria in growth promotion and biological control of plant diseases can minimize environmental contamination caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. We aimed to evaluate growth promotion and biological control of Corynespora cassiicola in tomato seedlings mediated by beneficial bacteria isolated from a non-rhizospheric Amazon soil containing different amounts of biochar, and to identify to which groups of bacteria the strains belong. We obtained 200 strains of bacteria from experimental plots containing biochar doses of 0, 40, 80 and 120 t ha-1. Of these, 53 strains were selected by root colonization tests. Based on growth promotion parameters, 25 strains were screened, identified by molecular characterization and evaluated for indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization and biological control. The best dose of biochar for colony formation was 40 t ha-1, and a regression model indicated 34 t ha-1 as the optimal dose. The production of IAA was observed in 18 (75%) strains, and two (8%) strains were able to solubilize phosphate. The efficiency in root growth promotion was up to 125%, and the percentage of plant protection ranged from 50 to 59%. Molecular characterization showed that the bacteria used in this study belong to the genera Bacillus and Lysinibacillus.

Advances in screening approaches for the development of microbial bioprotectants to control plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-86
Author(s):  
Wagner Bettiol ◽  
◽  
Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de Medeiros ◽  
Josiane Barros Chiaramonte ◽  
Rodrigo Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Screening Approaches

The success of a biological control programme depends on the isolation and selection of antagonists. There is an enormous diversity of culturable microbial species in the soil, rhizosphere, phylloplane, spermosphere and carposphere, which can be used in the isolation and selection of antagonists. The structures of fungal plant pathogens concerned with survival and infection may also be sources of antagonists. Although non-culturable microorganisms and microbiome-based strategies have great potential for development as commercial products in disease control, more knowledge is needed to understand the mechanisms involved in interactions between plants and complex microbial communities. Methods of isolation and selection of the most commercially exploited groups of antagonists and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this chapter as well as those of non-traditional antagonists. Finally, possible strategies for engineering the soil and host microbiome to actively promote plant protection against pathogens are discussed.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Defense Reactions in Medicago truncatula by Antagonistic Lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. Strain B2

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (22) ◽  
pp. 7420-7428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Selim ◽  
Jonathan Negrel ◽  
David Wendehenne ◽  
Sergio Ochatt ◽  
Silvio Gianinazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Related Proteins

ABSTRACT With the aim of obtaining new strategies to control plant diseases, we investigated the ability of antagonistic lipopolypeptides (paenimyxin) from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 to elicit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and several defense-related genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula. For this purpose, M. truncatula cell suspensions were used and a pathosystem between M. truncatula and Fusarium acuminatum was established. In M. truncatula cell cultures, the induction of H2O2 reached a maximum 20 min after elicitation with paenimyxin, whereas concentrations higher than 20 μM inhibited H2O2 induction and this was correlated with a lethal effect. In plant roots incubated with different concentrations of paenimyxin for 24 h before inoculation with F. acuminatum, paenimyxin at a low concentration (ca. 1 μM) had a protective effect and suppressed 95% of the necrotic symptoms, whereas a concentration higher than 10 μM had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Gene responses were quantified in M. truncatula by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone reductase), antifungal activity (pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase), or cell wall (invertase) were highly upregulated in roots or cells after paenimyxin treatment. The mechanisms potentially involved in plant protection are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clonostachys rosea for Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Soil and in Roots of Carrot and Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassir Iqbal ◽  
Mukesh Dubey ◽  
Kerstin McEwan ◽  
Uwe Menzel ◽  
Mikael Andersson Franko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Biological control is a promising approach to reduce plant diseases caused by nematodes. We tested the effect of the fungus Clonostachys rosea strain IK726 inoculation on nematode community composition in a naturally nematode infested soil in a pot experiment, and the effect of C. rosea on plant health. The numbers of plant-parasitic nematode genera extracted from soil and plant roots decreased by 40 to 73% when C. rosea was applied, while genera of nonparasitic nematodes were not affected. Soil inoculation of C. rosea increased fresh shoot weight and shoot length of wheat plants by 20 and 24%, respectively, while only shoot dry weight increased by 48% in carrots. Light microscopy of in vitro C. rosea–nematode interactions did not reveal evidence of direct parasitism. However, culture filtrates of C. rosea growing in potato dextrose broth, malt extract broth and synthetic nutrient broth exhibited toxicity toward nematodes and immobilized 57, 62, and 100% of the nematodes, respectively, within 48 h. This study demonstrates that C. rosea can control plant-parasitic nematodes and thereby improve plant growth. The most likely mechanism responsible for the antagonism is antibiosis through production of nematicidal compounds, rather than direct parasitism.

scholarly journals DNA insecticides as an emerging tool for plant protection and food security strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Palmah Mutah Nyadar ◽  
Shyatesa Razo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Human Growth And Development ◽  
Effective Use

A large number of plant diseases and damages are caused by insects and insect vectors of plant pathogens, leading to the serious threats facing plant protection and food security. The access to safe and nutritiously high-quality food is essential for human growth and development. This translates to a well-developed society with systematically organized efforts for maintenance and increased food production or supply to meet the continuous growing demand. The effects of environmental, biological, chemical, political and socioeconomic factors have all contributed to the present nature of food dynamics, its availability, supply and security. Hence, the development of safe bio-based substances should be prioritized for precise and effective use in plant protection strategies. This review examines the sequential results of the insecticidal potentials of unmodified short single-stranded DNA fragments used as DNA insecticides, and emerging tool for safe plant protection strategy.

The use of Trichoderma spp. to control plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Enrique Monte ◽  
◽  
Rosa Hermosa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Trichoderma is one of the most studied genera of ascomycetous fungi due to the beneficial effects it has on plants. Trichoderma spp. are involved in the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes and metabolites with antimicrobial activity. It also produces volatile compounds that act together as direct biocontrol agents to protect plants against phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and bacteria. Trichoderma spp. can also compete in the rhizosphere for space and nutrients while it can also protect plants by activating systemic immune responses that result in a faster and stronger induction of plant basal resistance mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. The possibility that Trichoderma can also promote plant growth opens new opportunities to register strains as biostimulants. Adequate registration procedures are urgently needed as there is no appropriate legal framework for registering Trichoderma as both plant protection products and as biofertilizers.

scholarly journals Mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma spp. in plant protection – Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brožová
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Anamorphic Fungus ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽  
Facultative Parasite

Trichoderma harzianum is a worldwide soilborne anamorphic fungus. It is a facultative parasite of a wide spectrum of fungi, but can also live as a saprophyte. The manifestation of its antagonism displays as support competition, parasitism and antibiosis. Some species of the genus Trichoderma can be utilised in plant protection because of their mycoparasitic and other properties. The biofungicide Supresivit containing conidia of T. harzianum is registered in the Czech Republic. A commercially prepared mixture of the biopreparation and granulated mineral fertiliser is a novel way to introduce it into the plant environment. To make optimal use of biological control methods it is necessary to integrate them in a complete system for the control of plant diseases. It is quite possible to combine two or more biological control agents, but these could also be used together with certain chemicals to improve disease control.

Nanotechnology as a Smart Way to Promote the Growth of Plants and Control Plant Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Heba Mahmoud Mohammad Abdel‐Aziz ◽  
Mohammed Nagib Abdel‐ghany Hasaneen
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
And Control
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