Half a century of experience of hydro melioration in the Republic of Komi

Author(s):  
V.V. Pakhuchy ◽  
◽  
L.M. Pakhuchaya

The paper considers the results of forest drain¬age in the Komi Republic and forest research on drained lands. Forest drainage in the republic has been carried out since 1969. The total area of drained forest lands is about 100 thousand hectares. Since 1982, comprehensive research has been carried out on the drained forest lands. The territory of the re-public was divided into the forest drainage area. In the southwestern forest drainage area with a density of 0.7, the aver-age increase in additional volume, depend¬ing on the type of forest, ranges from 0.2 to 3.0 m3/ha per year. Drainage improves the condi¬tions for natural regeneration. In 75% of cases, the regeneration is satisfactory. Drainage posi¬tively affected the growth and regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour, listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Visual assessment of other rare and protected plant species found in forest drainage areas indicates a good or satis¬factory condition of these species and their ad¬aptation to these localization conditions. The total area of protected swamps in the republic (standard swamps and cranberry swamps with cranberries used by the local population for berry picking) is 0.5 million hectares. This area is 5 times larger than the total area of drained forest land. Swamps and forest-swamp com¬plexes recommended for the protection or gath¬ering of cranberries are excluded from forest drainage facilities at the project stage. Addi¬tional new information can be obtained using geographic information systems and remote methods, with the use of growing indices. The half-century experience of forest drainage in the Komi Republic, the results of forest drainage studies indicate that there is no real alternative to hydro-reclamation on forest peatlands. Forest drainage in the republic is the only method tested in industrial conditions to increase the productivity of peatland forests.

Author(s):  
Л.М. Пахучая ◽  
В.В. Пахучий

Цель исследования определить видовой состав фитоценозов на объектах лесоосушения в слабо изученном в гидролесомелиоративном отношении районе Республики Коми - на территории Южного Тимана, выявить наличие здесь редких и охраняемых видов, оценить их состояние и дать рекомендации по охране. Исследования выполнялись в Троицко-Печорском и Ухтинском лесничествах Республики Коми на участках, осушение которых выполнено в 1972-1989 гг. Описание растительности и видового состава фитоценозов выполняли на опытных участках, заложенных для оценки лесоводственной эффективности лесоосушения и маршрутным методом. В ходе проведения работ использованы геоботанический и флористический методы. Названия видов и семейств приведены по сводке С.К. Черепанова. На объектах исследования выявлено 112 видов, в том числе 93 вида сосудистых растений, относящихся к 38 семействам, 13 видов мохообразных, 6 видов лишайников. Наиболее представлены семейства: розоцветные - около 11%, вересковые - 8%, лютиковые - 7%, сосновые - 6% и мятликовые - 6% от общего числа видов. Ягоды и съедобные травы представлены 21 видом, лекарственные растения - 42 видами. На осушаемых участках и в неспоредственной близости от них встречены редкие и охраняемые виды растений, включенные в Красную книгу Республики Коми: Pinus sibirica du Tour, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Shott, Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb., Thalictrum aquilegifolium L., Paeonia anomala L., Chrisosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr.), Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Визуальные оценки свидетельствуют о хорошем или удовлетворительном состоянии этих видов и адаптированности к условиям местопроизрастания. Исчезнувших или возможно исчезнувших видов на объектах исследования не установлено. Статус редкости отдельных видов, включенных в Красную книгу Республики Коми и отмеченных на объектах исследования, за период с 1998 до 2019 гг. повышался (Hammarbia paludosa (L.)O. Kuntze), понижался (Paeonia anomala L.) или и повышался, и понижался (Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm). Это свидетельствует о целесообразности мониторинга численности редких и охраняемых видов, в том числе в условиях регулирования водного режима методами гидротехнических мелиораций. Данные о видовом составе фитоценозов могут быть использованы для разработки режима охраны редких видов растений в фитоценозах на осушаемых лесных землях Южного Тимана в Республике Коми. The purpose of the study is to determine the species composition of phytocenoses at forest drained area of the Komi Republic poorly studied in field of forest dranage - in the territory of South Timan, to identify the presence of rare and protected species here, to assess their condition and to give recommendations for protection. Studies were carried out in the Troitsk-Pechora and Ukhta forestries of the Komi Republic at sites whose drainage was carried out in 1972-1989. The description of vegetation and species composition of phytocenoses was performed on experimental sites laid down to assess the forest efficiency of forest drainage and by route method. During the work, geobotanical and floristic methods were used. The names of species and families are given in the summary of S.K. Cherepanov. 112 species were identified at the research sites, including 93 species of vascular plants belonging to 38 families, 13 species of moss, 6 species of lichens. The most represented families are rosaceae - about 11%, heather - 8%, lute - 7%, pine - 6% and meadow grass - 6% of the total number of species. Berries and edible herbs are represented by 21 species, medicinal plants - 42 species. Rare and protected species of plants included in the Red Book of the Republic of Komi are found in the drained areas and in nearly to them: Pinus sibirica du Tour, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Shott, Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb., Thalictrum aquilegifolium L., Paeonia anomala L., Chrisosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr.), Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Visual assessments indicate a good or satisfactory condition of these species and adaptability to the place growth conditions. There are no disappeared or possibly disappeared species at the research sites. The rarity status of certain species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Komi and noted at the research sites for the period from 1998 to 2019. increased (Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze), decreased (Paeonia anomala L.) or and increased, and decreased (Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.). This indicates the advisability of monitoring the number of rare and protected species, including in the conditions of regulating the water regime by methods of forest drainage. Data on the species composition of phytocenoses can be used to develop a regime for the protection of rare plant species in phytocenoses on the drained forest lands of South Timan in the Komi Republic.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseevna Titova ◽  
Elena Valeryevna Frolova ◽  
Elena Gennadievna Gushchina ◽  
Anastasia Victorovna Fakhrutdinova

Abstract The studied problem significanceis caused by theneed of complex study of the groups which are in an nonnative environment environment. The purpose of the article is study of the of the Gipsy population that live in Zelenodolsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan to the systems and education healthcare. The leading approach to a research of this problem is a polyparadigmal methodology. The educational process is understood as an instrument of socialization of Roma children and health problems of representatives of their population. Special attention is paid to the circumstance that the questions of education of children is far from being priority one for the Gipsy population of the explored area. The understanding of health protection haw essential differences in comparison with local population. The conclusion is drawn that integration of Roma into local community depends on support of initiatives of locals and administration by most of representatives of a camp. Materials of the article can be useful to ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists and also representatives of the bodies/ committees and institutions supervising questions of interethnic and inter-religious interaction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-111
Author(s):  
Stanislav Shkel

The regional machines created by the Russian governors in the mid-1990s turned out to be most effective in the ethnic republics. This phenomenon is supported by several facts, with the primary as follows: the density of the patronage networks among the rural ethnic minorities, and the economic heritage of the Soviet period and ethnical institutionalization. These factors allowed regional elites to integrate ethnic minorities into the clientelism structure to distribute symbolic and material benefits in exchange for their electoral support. However, at present, the federal authorities have considerably reduced the autonomy of the ethnic republics and deprived them of many ethnic preferences. Basing on the analysis of the electoral statistics from the Russian Presidential Election of 2018, this article researches the political consequences caused by the changed relationship between the center and the regions, as well as the changes in functioning of regional political machines in the circumstances where the governors’ institutional and resource autonomy has been reduced. The data analysis allowed for the discovery of the diversified electoral behavior of ethnic minorities in different republics. The reasons for the above diversification have been explained based on a comparative analysis of five case studies (the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Komi Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)).


Author(s):  
Dmitriy Grishlov ◽  
Natalia Bratilova ◽  
Rimma Matveeva ◽  
Olga Butorova

Показаны особенности формирования кроны кедра сибирского (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) после декапитации, произрастающего на плантации «Метеостанция» в Учебно-опытном лесхозе Караульного лесничества в условиях юга Средней Сибири. Объектом исследований являлась 54-летняя плантация кедра сибирского, выращенная  из семян, заготовленных в 1964 г. в Лениногорском лесхозе (Республика Казахстан). Декапитация проведена у деревьев 42-летнего возраста в 2005 г. с оставлением ствола высотой 1,4-1,7 м. Верхняя часть кроны удалена на 50,0-66,7%. В 2017 г. деревья достигли высоты 5,6-9,1 м. Количество лидирующих побегов, заменивших центральный, составило 3-7 шт., длина которых за 12-летний период достигла 4,0-7,6 м. Деревья с диаметром ствола 12-18 см имели по 3-4, с диаметром 20-26 см – по 6-7 шт. лидирующих побега. Установлено, что уровень изменчивости высоты деревьев низкий; прироста побегов, диаметра ствола – средний, количества лидирующих побегов – высокий. Наибольшей высотой (9,1 м) отличалось дерево № 4-98, превосходя другие особи на 8,3-62,5%. Сопоставлено количество боковых ветвей, образовавшихся на лидирующих побегах за 5 лет (2013-2017 гг.). Отмечено, что их средний прирост за исследуемый период находился в пределах 23,6-45,5 см. Между диаметром ствола и числом лидирующих побегов коэффициент корреляции (r) равен 0,619; числом лидирующих побегов и количеством сформированных боковых ветвей спустя 7-12 лет после декапитации – 0,770, диаметром ствола при обрезке и высотой деревьев после 12 лет декапитации – 0,738.


Author(s):  
N.D. Borshchik ◽  

The article deals with the problems of post-war reconstruction of Yalta – one of the most popular resorts of the Soviet Union. During the great Patriotic war, this all-Union health resort was subjected to barbaric destruction and looting. The fascist occupation regime (1941-1944) caused enormous damage to the health resort Fund of Yalta, the city economy and the entire infrastructure of the southern coast of Crimea. The rapid return to the pre-war structure and the commissioning of social facilities has become a priority for the regional authorities and the population. In addition to traditional methods, the Patriotic «Сherkassov» movement, which began in the liberated Stalingrad in 1943 and spread throughout the country, was widely used. A solid Foundation was laid for the interaction of the city administration of Yalta and the local population with the commanders and soldiers of the red Army. Based on the analysis of archival documents of the State archive of the Republic of Crimea, it was possible to trace the course of restoration work in the fi rst months after the liberation of the Crimean Peninsula from fascism. It is established that for the rapid restoration and functioning of the Yalta resorts, public activists launched a socialist competition on «Сherkassov» methods


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaeva Svetlana A. ◽  
◽  
Velisevich Svetlana N. ◽  
Savchuk Dmitry A. ◽  
◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Stanley Noer H ◽  
Mulati .

Child is a gift from God Almighty, who inherent in dignity and dignity as a whole person. Children also have human rights recognized by the nation-states in the world. Children's rights are marked by the guarantee of protection and fulfillment of the Rights of the Child in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia and several provisions of laws and regulations both national and international. This guarantee is upheld through the ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, namely the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child through Presidential Decree No. 36/1990 on the Ratification of Convention On The Rights Of The Child. In the case that the authors found that there was an adoption of a child who could not be made due to Government Regulation No. 54 of 2007 article 3, paragraph 2 stating that in the case of the origin of the child is unknown, the child's religion is in accordance with the religion of the majority of the local population. With this case, according to the author means there has been discrimination against prospective parents who have good intentions to appoint children because of the constraints of religious differences between parents and prospective children. Whereas in the course of the child is also possible to choose a different religion with the parents' religion. Directly this Government Regulation is contrary to the principle of Non-Discrimination adopted by the Convention on the Rights of the Child


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document