scholarly journals PERUBAHAN PERILAKU GROOMING DAN IMOBILITAS MENCIT BALB/C TERINDUKSI DEPRESI YANG DISUPLEMENTASI TEMPE SEBAGAI SUMBER PARAPROBIOTIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ardianty ◽  
Brian Saputra Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
Probiotic Food

Depression, a mental disorder marked by sadness, anhedonia and increased fatigability, is becoming more common in this industry 4.0 era. Nowadays, depression affects approximately 322 million people around the world (more than 14 million in Indonesia) and gives major contribution to the rise of global burden of disease. Although antidepressant is considered the common treatment for depression, recent studies show a possibility to treat depression by altering gut microbiome of the patient, by giving them probiotic food. Tempeh is a globally well-known Indonesian paraprobiotic food which already proven to modulate gut microbiota. This research aimed to find out the effect of tempeh to depression symptom as expressed in Balb/c mice behaviors. The methods used was to feed tempeh or tempeh starter to mice which were depressed-induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure. Parameter measured were depression level of the Balb/c mice based on immobility times and grooming durations acquired from tail suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose splash test and coat state score. The result showed that tempeh supplementation did not affect coat states and grooming durations but tend to improve immobility times of the Balb/c mice. Meanwhile, tempeh starter supplementation tends to improve the immobility time and kept coat state clean/tidy, but lowered grooming duration. In conclusion, supplementation of paraprobiotic tempeh, especially in starter form, tend to improve depression symptoms. Keywords: depression, mice, paraprobiotic, tempeh

Oral supplementation with geranium oil or anise oil ameliorates depressed rat-related symptoms through oils antioxidant effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima A. El-Shamy ◽  
Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽  
Nevein N. Fadl ◽  
Marwa H. A. El-Azma ◽  
Mahmoud S. S. Arbid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a psychiatric disease condition and the chronic mild stress (CMS) model is a well-known and valuable animal model of depression. Geranium oil and anise oil were chosen for such a study. The aim of this research was to establish the geranium oil and anise oil effect to ameliorate CMS-related symptoms.MethodsThis research included 80 male albino rats each group of 10 rats and the animals were divided into two major groups: normal and CMS. The normal group was subdivided into four (control, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with saline, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks. The CMS group was subdivided into four (CMS without any treatment, CMS + geranium oil, CMS + anise oil and CMS + venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks.ResultsThe sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test, the distance traveled test and center square entries test were decreased, while center square duration test, immobility time in tail suspension test and floating time in forced swimming test were increased in CMS. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels decreased but malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in CMS. The oral intake of geranium oil and anise oil pushes all these parameters to approach the control levels. These results were supported by histopathological investigations of both brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues.ConclusionsGeranium oil and anise oil ameliorate CMS-related symptoms and this effect were related to the antioxidant effects of oils.

scholarly journals Negative air ion exposure ameliorates depression-like behaviors induced by chronic mild stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqing Hu ◽  
Tingting Niu ◽  
Jianming Xu ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
Qinghua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Immobility Time

Abstract The presence of negative air ions (NAI) is suggested to be a good factor in improving psychological status and used in treating depression as an alternative approach. However, the biological explanation for effects of NAI on alleviating depression symptoms has less been explored. In this study, the chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol was used to induce transcriptional depressive-like behaviors in mice, and the effects of NAI exposure on CMS-induced depression-like behaviors were examined. Thirty-day NAI exposure prevented the CMS-induced depression-like behaviors as shown by the restoration of sucrose preference and reduced immobility time in the suspension test. In addition, the elevation of serous corticosterone was present in CMS-treated mice but not existed in those with the NAI exposure. Furthermore, we observed a shifted balance between the cytokines secreted by type 1 T helper (Th1) cells and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. In conclusion, NAI intervention is able to ameliorate CMS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, and this effect is associated with the alteration of corticosterone and functional rebalance between Th1 and Th2 cells.

Effect of (4a) a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice: an approach using behavioral tests battery

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshwant Kurhe ◽  
Radhakrishnan Mahesh ◽  
Deepali Gupta ◽  
Devadoss Thangaraj
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Immobility Time

AbstractThe inconsistent therapeutic outcome necessitates designing and identifying novel therapeutic interventions for depression. Hence, the present study deals with the investigation of antidepressant-like effects of a novel 5-HTAnimals were subjected to different stressors for a period of 28 days. On day 15 after the subsequent stress procedure, mice were administered with (4a) (2 and 4 mg/kg p.o.), escitalopram (10 mg/kg p.o.), or vehicle (10 mL/kg p.o.) until day 28 along with the CUMS. Thereafter, behavioral battery tests like locomotor score, sucrose preference test, forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed. Biochemical assays like lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in the mice brain homogenate.(4a) Dose dependently attenuated the behavioral alterations by increasing the sucrose consumption, reducing the immobility time in FST and TST, increasing the open arm number of entries and time in EPM. Furthermore, biochemical alterations were reversed by (4a) as examined by reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and elevated antioxidant enzyme levels like GSH, catalase and SOD.(4a) exhibits antidepressant potential by reversing the CUMS induced behavioral and biochemical changes in mice.

scholarly journals Δ3,2-Hydroxybakuchiol Attenuates Depression in Multiple Rodent Models Possibly by Inhibition of Monoamine Transporters in Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Li-he Guo ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Jia-liang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Rat Striatum ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Monoamine Transporters ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Pc12

Δ3,2-Hydroxybakuchiol is isolated fromPsoralea corylifolia (L.), which has therapeutic applications in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous studies have showed that Δ3,2-hydroxybakuchiol inhibited the decreased activity of reserpinized mice, suggestive of its antidepressive potential. In this study, we explored the antidepressant profile of Δ3,2-hydroxybakuchiol in various rodent models and its possible monoamine-modulating mechanism. Δ3,2-Hydroxybakuchiol significantly reduced immobility time of mice in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Δ3,2-Hydroxybakuchiol also significantly increased sucrose consumption in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model. Furthermore, isotope uptake study showed that Δ3,2-hydroxybakuchiol inhibited the activity of human dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in transporter-overexpressing pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with IC50values similar to the potency of bupropion. Microdialysis showed that Δ3,2-hydroxybakuchiol increased dopamine and norepinephrine concentration in rat striatum. In summary, Δ3,2-hydroxybakuchiol exerts antidepressant effects on various types of depression models through a possible mechanism of monoamine transporter inhibition.

scholarly journals FGF21 restores hippocampual mitochondrial dysfunction via enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK/SirT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways to alleviate chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive like behaviors in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Tao Zhao ◽  
Ling Shen ◽  
Yong-Ping Zhang ◽  
Lulu Zhang ◽  
Leigang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. Ample research proves mitochondria are a promising target for depression. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts roles in neuroprotection and could enhance mitochondria function. Here, the anti-depressive effect of FGF21 was evaluated on a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)- induced model of depression. The depressive-like behaviors were assessed using sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The results showed that treatment of FGF21 significantly attenuated the decrease in SPT, and dramatically reduced the immobility time in the TST and FST. These effects were associated with enhanced hippocampal mitochondrial function, reflected by FGF21-induced increases in mitochondrial ATP concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. At the same time, FGF21 ameliorated oxidative stress in CUMS-exposed mice by enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities, and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, we found that CUMS treatment decreased expression level of mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (MFN1), and increased expression level of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). FGF21 administration increased expression of MFN1, and reduced expression of DRP1. Meanwhile, FGF21 treatment promoted the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, phosphorylated AMPK, SirT1, PGC-1a in the hippocampus. This study revealed that FGF21 alleviates CUMS induced depressive like behaviors by restoring mitochondria function via enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK/SirT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways. It suggested that FGF21 would be a potential therapeutic agent in the management of depression.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-like effects of Sanyuansan in the mouse forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic mild stress model

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Zi-Li You ◽  
Qiu-Ying Zhao ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Gang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Suspension Test

scholarly journals The selective 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists, F15599 and F13714, show antidepressant-like properties after a single administration in the mouse model of unpredictable chronic mild stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Głuch-Lutwin ◽  
Kinga Sałaciak ◽  
Alicja Gawalska ◽  
Marek Jamrozik ◽  
Joanna Sniecikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time

Abstract Rationale The prevalence of depression is ever-increasing throughout the population. However, available treatments are ineffective in around one-third of patients and there is a need for more effective and safer drugs. Objectives The antidepressant-like and procognitive effects of the “biased agonists” F15599 (also known as NLX-101) which preferentially targets postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors and F13714, which targets 5-HT1A autoreceptors, were investigated in mice. Methods Antidepressant-like properties of the compounds and their effect on cognitive functions were assessed using the forced swim test (FST) and the novel object recognition (NOR), respectively. Next, we induced a depressive-like state by an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure to test the compounds’ activity in the depression model, followed by measures of sucrose preference, FST, and locomotor activity. Levels of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) were also determined. Results F15599 reduced immobility time in the FST over a wider dose-range (2 to 16 mg/kg po) than F13714 (2 and 4 mg/kg po), suggesting accentuated antidepressant-like properties in mice. F15599 did not disrupt long-term memory consolidation in the NOR at any dose tested, while F13714 impaired memory formation, notably at higher doses (4–16 mg/kg). In UCMS mice, a single administration of F15599 and F13714 was sufficient to robustly normalize depressive-like behavior in the FST but did not rescue disrupted sucrose preference. Both F15599 and F13714 rescued cortical and hippocampal deficits in p-ERK1/2 levels of UCMS mice but did not influence the p-CREB levels. Conclusions Our studies showed that 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists such as F13714 and especially F15599, due to its less pronounced side effects, might have potential as fast-acting antidepressants.

scholarly journals Lycopene Treatment Transposed Antidepressant-Like Action in Rats Provoked to Chronic Mild Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 981-988
Author(s):  
Venkata Naveen Kumar P. ◽  
Elango P. ◽  
Asmathulla S. ◽  
Kavimani S
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of lycopene on CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Wistar rats. In present study, rodents were selected randomly and grouped in to seven groups. Each group consists of six animals. All the groups are subjected to chronic mild stress in an unpredictable manner except the control group, which is free from stress. Behavioral changes induced during chronic mild stress were assessed by conducting the behavioral tests like forced swim test, sucrose preferences test, elevated plus maze test and open field tests in screening depressant and anxiety activity. The data analysis showed chronic mild stress produced depressive and anxiogenic behavior in the experimental rats. A significant increase in the immobility time and decrease in sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test are noted in CMS and vehicle groups. Similarly, in an elevated plus maze a significant decrease in the entries in the open arm and decrease in central square entries, and rearing behavior and increase in the duration of immobility were observed in open field test.Lycopene treatment for 6-weeks significantly decreased immobility time and increased in sucrose consumption observed in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test respectively. Lycopene significantly increased number of entries in the open arm of elevated plus maze and decreased grooming and freezing behavior in open field method. lycopene supplemented dose of 5mg/kg showed an insignificant results in all the behavioral models (p>0.05).The data were expressed as Mean±SD.Data were analyzed and differences between the means were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Using graph pad prism version 5.03 statistical software. In all the tests, differences were considered significant if p<0.05 to be a statistical significant. lycopene possesses antidepressant and mild- anxiolytic activity which may be due to its antioxidant effect that might warrant further studies.

scholarly journals Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf on the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depression in ICR Mice and Its Possible Mechanism of Action

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daodee ◽  
Monthakantirat ◽  
Ruengwinitwong ◽  
Gatenakorn ◽  
Maneenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dipterocarpus Alatus

Treatment of the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice with the ethanol extract of Dipterocarpus alatus leaf attenuated anhedonia (increased sucrose preference) and behavioral despair (decreased immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST)). The extract not only decreased the elevation of serum corticosterone level and the index of over-activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, caused by UCMS, but also ameliorated UCMS-induced up-regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mRNA expression and down-regulation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNAs in frontal cortex and hippocampus. In vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition assays showed that the extract exhibited the partial selective inhibition on MAO-A. HPLC analysis of the extract showed the presence of flavonoids (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, rutin) and phenolic acids (gallic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) as major constituents.

scholarly journals Antidepressant like activity of Buspirone but not ondensetron in combination with Fluoxetine or Desipramine in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Veena Verma ◽  
Biswadeep Banerjee ◽  
Ashish K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Immobility Period

Background: The involvement of one or more 5-HT receptor sub-types in the pathophysiology of depression is still unclear. The study was performed to investigate the effect of ondansetron and buspirone on depression, and their interaction with fluoxetine or desipramine.Methods: The mice were administered ondansetron, buspirone alone and in combinations with fluoxetine or desipramine for 21 days, and the antidepressant effect was assessed by the immobility period and the sucrose consumption, on the tail suspension test (TST) and the chronic mild stress (CMS) models, respectively.Results: Both ondansetron and buspirone when given alone demonstrated slight non-significant decrease in the immobility time. Ondensetron when given in combination with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg; i.p.) and desipramine (15 mg/kg; i.p.), showed significant decrease in immobility time in comparison to the control group only. On the other hand, both the combinations of buspirone, either with fluoxetine or desipramine showed significant decrease in the immobility time when compared to the respective group. In CMS, the fluoxetine, desipramine, ondansetron, and buspirone showed gradual increase in the sucrose consumption, at the end of 4th, 5th, and 6th week, but the significant effect was observed only at the end of 6th week, as compared to the control. The combination of buspirone with desipramine but not with fluoxetine showed significant increase in sucrose consumption when compared to respective group.Conclusions: Therefore, the study indicates that both buspirone and ondansetron have a potential antidepressant like action, although buspirone has shown better antidepressant activity than ondansetron as observed in various combination groups.

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