scholarly journals Prawo własności intelektualnej w branży kosmetycznej

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Gabriela Sacha
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Counterfeit Products

Niniejszy artykuł jest odpowiedzią na rosnące znaczenie rynkowe branży kosmetycznej. Ostatnie lata pokazują duży wzrost zamożności społeczeństwa w Polsce, co niewątpliwie ma wpływ na zwiększenie popytu na produkty kosmetyczne, a wraz z nim na skalę produkcji. Obecnie coraz większą popularność zyskują również marki lokalne albo takie, które tworzą produkty kosmetyczne na małą skalę ze względu na dbałość o naturalne składniki. W konsekwencji zmienia się struktura branży, w której istotne są już nie tylko duże firmy międzynarodowe, ponieważ swoją pozycję na rynku wyraźnie zaznaczają również średni, mali i mikroprzedsiębiorcy. W obliczu tych tendencji producenci prowadzą między sobą zaciętą walkę konkurencyjną o klienta. W niniejszym opracowaniu przeanalizowane zostały przepisy prawa polskiego oraz ustawodawstwa europejskiego. Zagadnienie poddano również badaniu analitycznemu, którego podstawę stanowiły orzeczenia Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, Sądu Najwyższego oraz opisy  patentowe poszczególnych rozwiązań. W artykule opisano też uregulowania dotyczące produktów kosmetycznych w ustawodawstwie polskim oraz europejskim. Głównym celem jest przedstawienie obowiązujących przepisów prawa własności intelektualnej, które najlepiej odpowiadają specyfice branży kosmetycznej. Ważne jest również opisanie, w jaki sposób przedsiębiorcy mogą bronić się przed wykorzystywaniem ich renomy i pozycji rynkowej przez inne podmioty, które wprowadzają do obrotu tzw. lookalikes lub oferują produkty podrobione. Intellectual property law in cosmetics industryThis article is a response to the growing significance of the cosmetics industry. Recent years have shown a significant rise in individual wealth in Poland, which influences the increased demand for cosmetics products and with it the scale of their production. Currently local brands are also increasing in popularity, as well as small-scale, environmentally conscious and natural product-oriented manufacturers. As a consequence, the structure of the industry is also changing — it is no longer just the large multinational companies that are significant players, as medium, small, and micro-scale entrepreneurs are also making their mark. With such tendencies, manufacturers intensively compete with each other. This article analyses the provisions of Polish and European law. The issue has also been analytically researched, based on the judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Polish Supreme Court and the patent descriptions of certain industry solutions. This article describes the regulation of cosmetic products in Polish and European legislation. The main aim of the article is the representation of current provisions of intellectual property law, which best reflect the cosmetics industry. This article also aims to show how entrepreneurs can defend themselves from using their prestige and market position by other entities introducing lookalike products or offering counterfeit products.

1. Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bently ◽  
B. Sherman ◽  
D. Gangjee ◽  
P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
The Uk

This introduction provides an overview of topics covered in this book which relate to all areas of intellectual property law, including the justifications that have been put forward for granting intellectual property rights. It also considers the key international and regional developments that have influenced intellectual property law in the UK, such as the creation of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) negotiations, and European Union law. The chapter also discusses the ways in which the European Union is involved in intellectual property law, such as its involvement in negotiating and signing treaties. Finally, it looks at the European Economic Area and non-EU regional initiatives on intellectual property, as well as the implications of Brexit.

scholarly journals An Autonomous EU Functionality Doctrine for Shape Exclusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-577
Author(s):  
Uma Suthersanen ◽  
Marc D Mimler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Functionality Doctrine

Abstract Exclusionary subject matter are often underpinned by public interest considerations. In the case of shapes of products, the Court of Justice of the European Union has aligned the interpretation of the relevant exclusionary provisions within design and trade mark laws. More recently, European jurisprudence within copyright law in relation to conditions of protection has imported the same considerations so as to regulate the protection of shapes of products. This article explores the multitude of doctrinal and policy reasons underpinning shape exclusions and argues that the Court is consciously creating an EU autonomous functionality doctrine within intellectual property law. We also argue that the Court is building a European macro-rationale within these laws namely to ensure that protection does not unduly restrict market freedom and competition.

scholarly journals The series of trademarks: theory, legislation, law enforcement

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Nataliia Myronenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
European Court ◽  
Ip Law

Key words: trademark, series of signs, dominant element, originality, resolution The article, based on the analysis of the doctrine of intellectual property law,legislation of Ukraine, law enforcement practice, examines the state and prospects ofproviding legal protection of a series of trademarks. To overcome the existing gap inthe legislation of Ukraine, the need to amend the Law of Ukraine «On Protection ofRights to Marks for Goods and Services» is justified. It is proposed to define «a seriesof marks as a set of trademarks belonging to one owner of interdependent rights, interconnected by the presence of the same dominant verbal, figurative or combined element,having phonetic and semantic similarity, and may also bear minor graphic differencesthat do not change the essence of the trademarks. The lack of definition ofthe term «dominant element» in the legislation is emphasized. Based on the provisionsof the philosophy and doctrine of intellectual property law, the dominant elementmeans the smallest indivisible component of the trademark, which is originaland not descriptive. Based on this, its main features are distinguished: originalityand indivisibility.It is proved that the same position of the dominant element in the structure of allsigns is necessary to create a stable image of consumers in relation to a particularproduct and its manufacturer. Examples of court decisions on recognition or refusal toprovide legal protection to trademarks are given.In the context of reforming the legislation of Ukraine in terms of its approximation toEU legislation and the development of relevant case law, which must meet Europeanstandards, the expediency of using the legal positions of such a leading democratic courtas the European Court of Justice is justified. Attention is drawn to the fact that the decisionof the ECJ is not a source of law for resolving disputes of this category by the courtsof Ukraine. At the same time, they are a source of harmonious interpretation of the nationallegislation of Ukraine in accordance with the established standards of the legalsystem of the European Union. It is proved that this conclusion is consistent with thepurpose and objectives to be solved in the country in the process of implementing the provisionsof the Association Agreement in the legislation of Ukraine. Proposals are formulatedto improve the quality of legislation in the field of IP law.

scholarly journals The Reference to ‘A Work or Software’ as the Factor Determining the Scope of the European Union Public Licence (EUPL) v. 1.2

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Żok
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
The Relationship

Free and open source software (FOSS) has undoubtedly become an important element of intellectual property law. It is therefore not surprising that the European Commission developed its own non-proprietary licence, i.e. the European Union Public Licence (EUPL). The article examines the reference to ‘a work of software’ to determine the scope of the licence. For this purpose, the paper discusses the reasons for the creation of the EUPL, the relationship between a work and software as well as the structure of a computer program. The following considerations also include the compatible licences listed in the EUPL Appendix. The article concludes that the reference to a work or software is not accidental because it removes serious doubts arising from the concept of a computer program. Thus, this legal solution may facilitate the wider adoption of the licence.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This chapter introduces readers to the knock-off fashion trade in Tecpán, Guatemala, where hundreds of indigenous Maya men own small-scale workshops where they make clothing that features unauthorized reproductions of popular fashion brands. Drawing on the anthropology of fashion, cultural studies, archaeology, and material culture studies, the Introduction also develops a theory of style that emphasizes the importance of copying and imitation to processes of cultural production. The chapter situates fashion branding within a broader context of “highland style,” defined by an effusive aesthetics and complicated relationships among race, ethnicity, gender, and dress in a place perhaps best known for the traditional, woven blouses and skirts (traje) worn by many Maya women. Appreciating the importance of copying and imitation to the unfolding of style in highland Guatemala and across the global fashion industry opens up questions about the privileging of a particular model of creativity, originality, and modernity in international intellectual property law.

Developments (and Non-Developments) in the Harmonisation of EU Intellectual Property Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 87-121
Author(s):  
Catherine Seville
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Property Regime ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis chapter begins by considering the challenges posed to the harmonisation of intellectual property law at the European level by the very different ways in which the law of intellectual property is viewed across Europe. It then goes on to review the various global and historical initiatives in the arena of intellectual property law harmonisation before running through the different areas of intellectual property law—trade marks, designs, copyright and patents—and examining the ways in which each of these has been dealt with at the European level, both by the European Union and by other Europe-wide bodies. In effect, the way in which intellectual property law has been addressed by the European Union represents a microcosm of the various possible approaches to harmonisation. As regards the prospect of future harmonisation of intellectual property law by the European Union, it is hoped that a wide and wise view of the issues will be taken, in order that public confidence in the Community’s intellectual property regime may be both justified and strengthened.

Business Law Concentrate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Marson ◽  
Katy Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Property Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Unfair Dismissal

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Business Law Concentrate considers all the essential issues relating to business law in the English legal system, including EU law and the potential implications of Brexit. The first half of the book looks at contracts in terms of mistake, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, contractual terms, consumer protection, and remedies for breach. The next few chapters examine employment and focus on issues including wrongful dismissal, unfair dismissal, redundancy, equal pay claims, and anti-discrimination. The last part considers company law, intellectual property law, and changes to data protection. This updated edition includes important cases in contract law and torts law, employment law, and intellectual property law, including cases from the Supreme Court, The Court of Justice of the European Union, and the Employment Appeal Tribunal. Recent legislation and its effects in these jurisdictions of law are also covered in detail.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property in Slovakia in the Light of the Present Legal Regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Jarmila Lazíková
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Law Of Succession ◽  
Intellectual Activities

AbstractThe Civil Law of Slovakia includes more sub-branches of the private law, such as family law, obligation law, property law, law of succession and intellectual property law. The intellectual property law is regulated outside the Civil Code, in special codes and laws. The intellectual property law is one of them. The intellectual property law provides legal protection to various intangible assets which are the results of the creative intellectual activities of individuals. The paper analyses selected legal institutions of the intellectual property law and tries to systematise legal regulations related to the intellectual property on the national level, the level of the European Union as well as international level.

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