Identification of Food-Poisoning Bacteria (Bacillus cereus) and the Bacterial Toxin Genes for Application to Forensic Microbiology : A Case Report from National Forensic Service

Five different enterotoxins and one emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus have been characterized. To amplify all of the enterotoxin and emetic-specific sequences of the species in the B. cereus group, a multiplex PCR with 12 primer pairs was established. In developing the assay method, a common terminal sequence at the 3′ ends of all primers was chosen and a hot start Taq polymerase was used to overcome primer dimer formation. The assay was successfully applied to analyze the toxigenic potential of 162 food-poisoning and food-related strains. Results showed that there were 10 toxigenic patterns for all the test strains. All of the B. cereus strains carried at least one toxin gene. More than 70% of Bacillus mycoides strains carried no known toxin genes. The toxin profiles and toxin genes of B. mycoides strains were significantly different from B. cereus strains (P < 0.05), although the two species were closely related. The results suggest that many B. mycoides strains might be less prone to cause food poisoning. They also indicate the importance of detecting the toxin genes together with the detection of the species in the B. cereus group.

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KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA KERACUNAN “CUMI-CUMIAN” DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 1 TRASAN BANDONGAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Media Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.30989/mik.v7i2.280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

Nasir Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Health Department ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Food Samples ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

School Committee

Background: On May 4th, 2016, at 12:30 district surveillance officer of Magelang Health Department received reports from Public Health Center of Bandongan about 21 students of SDN 1 Trasan who suffered from the same food-poisoning symptoms. Objective: Investigation was carried out to identify the source, how it spread and how to control it. Methods: This study used descriptive analytic and mapping the cases distribution location. The case was people experiencing symptoms of dizziness or abdominal pain or nausea or vomiting. Data analysis was done by using bivariate analysis. Data collection were done through interviews, observations and laboratory tests on the food samples. Results: The case was 50 students (from 1-6 grade students). The perceived symptoms were dizziness (77%), nausea (42%), abdominal pain (40%) and vomiting (8%). Attack rate found ranged from 14.3% to 60% with the highest Attack rate found on class three (60%). The incubation period of 15-240 minutes (mean 72.3 minutes). Calamari like positive Bacillus cereus and Rhodamine-B 10 mg/kg. Conclusion: The outbreak of food poisoning because calamari like contaminated Bacillus cereus. We suggested the school committee to provide the socialization of harmful food for the students. The teachers should restrict the permission for the food vendor to sell at school. Keywords: Bacillus cereus, , Food Poisoning, Outbreak, Rhodamine B, School Food

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Incidence and characterisation of Bacillus cereus bacteriophages from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product

BioMolecular Concepts ◽

10.1515/bmc-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 85-93

Author(s):

Wallapat Phongtang ◽

Ekachai Chukeatirote

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Industry ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ph Range ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Bacillus cereus is considered to be an important food poisoning agent causing diarrhea and vomiting. In this study, the occurrence of B. cereus bacteriophages in Thai fermented soybean products (Thua Nao) was studied using five B. cereus sensu lato indicator strains (four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain). In a total of 26 Thua Nao samples, there were only two bacteriophages namely BaceFT01 and BaceCM02 exhibiting lytic activity against B. cereus. Morphological analysis revealed that these two bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae. Both phages were specific to B. cereus and not able to lyse other tested bacteria including B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The two phages were able to survive in a pH range between 5 and 12. However, both phages were inactive either by treatment of 50°C for 2 h or exposure of UV for 2 h. It should be noted that both phages were chloroform-insensitive, however. This is the first report describing the presence of bacteriophages in Thua Nao products. The characterization of these two phages is expected to be useful in the food industry for an alternative strategy including the potential use of the phages as a biocontrol candidate against foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

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Production of the Vacuolation Factor of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Vomiting-Type Food Poisoning.

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science ◽

10.1292/jvms.54.443 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 443-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kunihiro SHINAGAWA ◽

Shoji OTAKE ◽

Naonori MATSUSAKA ◽

Shunji SUGII

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Poisoning

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Analysis of Food Poisoning Caused by Bacillus Cereus

10.47939/mh.v2i5.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Poisoning

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The CasKR Two-Component System Is Required for the Growth of Mesophilic and Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus Strains at Low Temperatures

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00090-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (8) ◽

pp. 2493-2503 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sara Esther Diomandé ◽

Stéphanie Chamot ◽

Vera Antolinos ◽

Florian Vasai ◽

Marie-Hélène Guinebretière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Two Component System ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Component System ◽

Content Type ◽

Two Component ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Different Strains

ABSTRACTThe different strains ofBacillus cereuscan grow at temperatures covering a very diverse range. SomeB. cereusstrains can grow in chilled food and consequently cause food poisoning. We have identified a new sensor/regulator mechanism involved in low-temperatureB. cereusgrowth. Construction of a mutant of this two-component system enabled us to show that this system, called CasKR, is required for growth at the minimal temperature (Tmin). CasKR was also involved in optimal cold growth aboveTminand in cell survival belowTmin. Microscopic observation showed that CasKR plays a key role in cell shape during cold growth. Introducing thecasKRgenes in a ΔcasKRmutant restored its ability to grow atTmin. Although it was first identified in the ATCC 14579 model strain, this mechanism has been conserved in most strains of theB. cereusgroup. We show that the role of CasKR in cold growth is similar in otherB. cereus sensu latostrains with different growth temperature ranges, including psychrotolerant strains.

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Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

Food Associated Pathogens ◽

10.1201/b15475-4 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 20-32

Author(s):

Per Granum

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Poisoning

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Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

Foodborne Diseases ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-385007-2.00020-6 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 395-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M.W. Griffiths ◽

H. Schraft

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Poisoning

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The Possible Transmission and Potential Enterotoxicity of Bacillus cereus on Lettuce Farms in Five Chinese Provinces

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.746632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Qu ◽

Chao Wei ◽

Xiaohang Dai ◽

Yalong Bai ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Trace Analysis ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Toxin Genes ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Sequence Types

Bacillus cereus is a well-characterized human pathogen that produces toxins associated with diarrheal and emetic foodborne diseases. To investigate the possible transmission of B. cereus on lettuce farms in China and determine its enterotoxicity, (I) a total of 524 samples (lettuce: 332, soil: 69, water: 57, manure: 57, pesticide: 9) were collected from 46 lettuce farms in five Chinese provinces, (II) multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to classify B. cereus isolates and for trace analysis, and (III) the presence of toxin genes and enterotoxins (Hbl and Nhe) was detected in 68 strains. The results showed that one hundred and sixty-one lettuce samples (48.5%) tested positive for B. cereus at levels ranging from 10 to 5.3 × 104 CFU/g. Among the environmental sample categories surveyed, the highest positive rate was that of the pesticide samples at 55.6%, followed by soil samples at 52.2% and manure samples at 12.3%. Moreover, one hundred isolates of B. cereus yielded 68 different sequence types (STs) and were classified into five phylogenetic clades. Furthermore, Nhe toxin genes (nheA, nheB, nheC) were broadly distributed and identified in all 68 strains (100%), while Hbl toxin genes (hblA, hblC, hblD) were present in 61 strains (89.7%), entFM was detected in 62 strains (91.2%), and cytK was found in 29 strains (42.6%). All strains were negative for ces. As for the enterotoxin, Nhe was observed in all 68 isolates carrying nheB, while Hbl was present in 76.5% (52/68) of the strains harboring hblC. This study is the first report of possible B. cereus transmission and of its potential enterotoxicity on lettuce farms in China. The results showed that soil and pesticides are the main sources of B. cereus on lettuce farms in China, and the possible transmission routes are as follows: soil-lettuce, manure-lettuce, pesticide-lettuce, manure-soil-lettuce, and water-manure-soil-lettuce. Furthermore, the B. cereus isolates, whether from lettuce or the environment, pose a potential risk to health.

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