Approaches to fractal modeling of development processes of the South Russian frontier zone: new version of the model

We propose new approaches to the fractal modeling of development processes of the South Russian frontier zone. We propose to consider these processes in more partitive periods of time and at the level of individual settlements development that arose on the frontier territory. We introduce materials of statistical and reference publications of the first half of the 19th century. Study of new materials allowed to generate new model indicators: the ratio of agriculture and farming in individual counties; the compliance degree of grain prices in towns of frontier zones to the metropolis prices. In the result we refine the previously formulated provision stating that by the mid 19th century all counties of South-Central Russia became part of the Old-Moscow metropolis. We specify that on 1820 and 1840 time segments isolated counties remained not fully developed in economic and social terms. We outline the first approaches to modeling the development processes of the frontier zone at the settlement level on such criteria as the period of foundation, social composition of the first settlers, places of settlement. Changes in the social composition of the individual settlements population during the frontier development.

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Localizing the Global

10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David M. Gordon

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Political Power ◽

Economic Change ◽

Central Africa ◽

The South ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Colonial Era ◽

Trade Routes ◽

South Central ◽

Political Economic

By the late 19th century, a caravan trade extended from the Indian and Atlantic littorals through the hinterlands of south central Africa. Industrial commodities—guns, cloths, iron, and beads—were exchanged for ivory, slaves, beeswax, and rubber. Along the trade routes and in trading centers, words spread to describe new commodities, new peoples, new trading customs, and new forms of political power. These Wanderwörter originated in the languages of the coastal traders, in particular in Portuguese and Kiswahili. When the diverse vernaculars of the south central African interior were transcribed by colonial-era missionaries into “tribal” languages, such wandering words were incorporated into these languages, often disguised by distinctive orthographies. Other words were left out of dictionaries and political vocabularies, replaced by supposedly more authentic and archaic words. Examining these wandering words provides a window into linguistic dynamism and political-economic change prior to European conquest.

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A Late Archaic Period Burial from the South-Central Andean Coast

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/971881 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 212-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Karen Wise ◽

Niki R. Clark ◽

Sloan R. Williams

Keyword(s):

Central Andes ◽

Archaic Period ◽

South Coast ◽

Northern Chile ◽

Late Archaic ◽

The South ◽

The Past ◽

South Central ◽

Other Substances ◽

The Individual

Recent excavations at the Late Archaic Period (ca. 3000-1000 B.C.) site of Kilometer 4 on the far south coast of Peru exposed a burial containing the remains of a 45-year-old male. The individual was buried with an unusual assemblage of artifacts that includes bone and shell implements and elaborate and distinctive cotton textiles, as well as a complex of paraphernalia of which some items were apparently associated with the use of hallucinogenic or other substances. Auditory exostoses indicate that the individual had engaged in maritime activities, including diving. Semi-flexed, single interment burials such as this are well known from the coast of northern Chile, but the use of cotton during the Archaic Period on the coast of the south-central Andes has not been well documented in the past.

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