Ethnic Conflicts and Peacebuilding in Georgia

The chapter deals with the problem of territorial integrity of Georgia, particularly two adjusted regions, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Today, 20% of Georgian territory is occupied. After the Russian-Georgian War in 2008, things changed radically to the detriment of Georgia's national interests, in particular, the occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia, their recognition as independent states, and ethnic cleansing of Georgians by disregarding the fundamental principles of international law. All these are known to the international community, and it became visible to the whole world. The issues are in the field of permanent national interests of Georgia. Under such situation, it became necessary to search for new ways of conflict resolution based only upon real politics.

Fortress in the village of Achabet in the Republic of South Ossetia According to Written Sources and Historiographic Data

The fortress in the village of Achabet is known from a number of written sources of the early 15th and 18th centuries. Despite this circumstance, in the scientific tradition it is contradictory to believe that the first information about the fortress contained in written sources refers to the events of the middle of the 16th century, and the lower limit of several periods of its construction is correlated by researchers with the same time. The presence of a contradiction between the information about the fortress contained in written sources and the presentation of this information in the scientific tradition determined the relevance of this study. The aim of the study, therefore, was to resolve this contradiction by analyzing and comparing the known information from written sources about this monument with information about it contained in the historical and linguistic literature, as well as with descriptions of the monument presented in the literature on the history of fortifications of the Transcaucasia. This comparison, in turn, made it possible to present a possible chronology of the construction of a number of objects that made up the complex of the monument over several periods of its construction. According to the results of the study, it is assumed that the tower and the adjacent semicircle of the first fortress wall were erected at the turn of the 13th–14th centuries, the second fortress wall was built along the first in the second half of the 15th century, and the third wall, the largest in terms of area covered, was erected in the 30-s of the 18th century. The materials for the study were written sources, as well as information about field examinations of the monument, available in the scientific tradition. The research was carried out on the basis of the method of comparative historical analysis.

Alagir Gorge of North Ossetia-Alania: in the footsteps of archaeologist E.G. Pchelina

E.G. Pchelina (1895-1972) belongs to the galaxy of outstanding scientists who laid the foundation of Soviet Caucasian studies. She had a multi-faceted talent as a researcher and left a bright mark in archeology, religious studies, ethnography, folklore studies of the Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia. Most of her works, including those ready for publication, were not published during the scientist’s lifetime. The archive, bequeathed by her to the Academy of Sciences and transferred to LOARAN in 1973 by her daughter-in-law, the highly respected M.L. Pchelina, remained inaccessible until 2019. But the results of her research, reflected in published works and available from Reports of archaeological expeditions and documents in the archives of scientific institutions of North and South Ossetia, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, were known and highly appreciated by archaeologists, ethnographers, historians. References to the materials of her archaeological collections from the Hermitage and museums of North and South Ossetia are often found in the works of modern researchers of the Caucasus. The name of the talented scientist has not been forgotten all these years. However, only now, with the beginning of work on the study of its archival heritage, it became clear what a wide scope of scientific problems is reflected in the unpublished works of the scientist, what global themes of the history of Ossetia have been studied and reflected in the monographs and articles of Evgenia Georgievna. In 2019-2021, scientific events “Bee Readings” were held in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the problems of studying the archival heritage of E.G. Pchelina and timed to the 125th anniversary of her birth. Thanks to the long-term efforts of the staff of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the staff of the Hermitage, the Museum of Ethnography of St. Petersburg, the staff of SOIGSI, the grandchildren of Evgenia Georgievna, Nikolai and Mikhail Pchelin, as well as many people who are not indifferent to the fate and discoveries of Evgenia Georgievna, work with the archive is currently being successfully conducted and gradually reveals the great importance of the research conducted by Evgenia Georgievna in the Caucasus, which will now undoubtedly be known to a wide range of researchers.

REGIONAL TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC AND PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES

The article presents various views of scientists on regional tourism, draws attention to the multidimensional interpretation of the concept, shows its structure. The author gives his vision of regional tourism as a means of forming a patriotic culture of students in the Republic of South Ossetia.

Constitutional and Legal Foundations of Parliamentary Control in the Republic of South Ossetia

Parliamentary control is recognized as the most effective form of influence on government bodies (primarily executive bodies) in the implementation of its main functions by the legislative body. Parliamentary control is of great importance to ensure a balance between the legislative and executive branches of government, as it is one of the main elements of the system of checks and balances. Parliamentary control in the Republic of South Ossetia has its own characteristics and specific features, even taking into account the desire of the South Ossetia legislator to converge national and Russian legislation. The author provides a characteristic of the forms of parliamentary control and mechanisms for the implementation of these forms, based on the legal framework and established practice. A comparative legal analysis of certain forms of parliamentary control with similar ones in the Russian Federation and a number of other foreign countries has been carried out. It is concluded that the absence of a system-forming act in the field of parliamentary control for the highest representative and only legislative body of the Republic of South Ossetia is not an obstacle to the active implementation of its control functions.

Factors of Socio-Economic Development of Partially Recognized and Unrecognized Republics of the Caucasus

Particular and general factors determine the dynamics and trends of endogenous development of three unrecognized and partially recognized republics of the Caucasus the Republic of South Ossetia (RSO), Abkhazia, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The article identifies critical factors and assesses prospects for endogenous socio-economic development of an unrecognized and partially recognized Republics of the Caucasus. It uses comparative and statistical methods, namely, one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kraskel-Wallis Criterion. A database developed for this study uses a set of indicators of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2007 to 2019 as a formalized universal and balanced system of global determinants. We found that differences in the achieved UN SDGs indicators can be accounted for by the variety of each state's initially socio-economic situation (the effect of a differentiated base). At the same time, the research shows that the dynamics of the development of the Caucasian republics are similar, which determines a commonality of trends of their future (while maintaining current conditions and circumstances). The study results expand our understanding of the development of unrecognized and partially recognized states. It shows that one has to consider this propensity of the Caucasian states to self-development when justifying measures for improving their socioeconomic situation and increasing the effectiveness of investment programs implemented jointly with the Russian Federation to promote the socio-economic development of the RSO and the Republic of Abkhazia.

Ethnic language in the polylingual space of the region: linguophilosophical approach

Multicultural mentality, formed in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, reflects the vectors of the state language policy of the Russian Federation, carried out in conditions of ethno cultural diversity. Philosophical understanding of bilingualism allows you to show the axiological and value-oriented functions of the native and second languages in the territory of compact residence of various ethnic groups. The study is carried out in an interdisciplinary manner, based on the achievements of the philosophy of language, political linguistics, and theoretical developments in the fields of cognitive and sociolinguistics, linguoculturology, bi- and polylingualism. A multifaceted Ossetian and Russian-language material, including data from parliamentary and government sites of North and South Ossetia, the results of a blitz survey of the population and the texts of genres of official congratulations, information messages and slogans, is at the heart of the search. The article is aimed at demonstrating the established conceptual field of ethnic community within the multicultural communicative space in the republics of ethnic Ossetians – North and South Ossetia, developed because of the application of a common humanitarian strategy for the preservation and development of all languages and cultures.

Factors and conditions (including economic relations) of innovative development of the republic of South Ossetia

The article deals with the issues of innovative development of agriculture in the Re- public of South Ossetia, reveals its features in the current political and economic conditions. It is noted that it is necessary to consider the innovative development of the region, taking into account the introduction of innovations not only in the technical and technological sector, the organization of production, and others, but also foreign economic relations at various levels of management.