scholarly journals Biological Effectiveness of Plant Polyphenols under Greenhouse Conditions, Against Wilt and Root Rot Complex of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Ivón Alejandra ROSAS-JÁUREGUI ◽  
Guillermo FUENTES-DÁVILA ◽  
Francisco Daniel HERNÁNDEZ-CASTILLO ◽  
José Luis FÉLIX-FUENTES ◽  
Alma Angélica ORTIZ-AVALOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is constantly compromised by a complex of pathogens which cause wilt and root rot (WRR). Therefore, biological control and organic products have regained great importance in the last few years. In this work, polyphenols were obtained from ethanolic extracts through the ultrasound-microwave assisted technique from the plant species chinese privet leaves (Ligustrum lucidum) and moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). A qualitative analysis through reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS) was conducted, so that their biological effectiveness under greenhouse conditions was determined by each group of polyphenols against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, Fusarium solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina which comprise the wilt and root rot complex. A complete randomized block design was established with three blocks and five treatments with nine replications each. Treatments were: Polyphenols of Ligustrum lucidum, polyphenols of Moringa oleifera, the fungicide Benomyl, the inoculated check, and the untreated check. The analysis of variance was performed and mean comparison with Duncan`s multiple range test (0.05). The results indicate that all groups of polyphenol had in their chemical composition, some compounds of known microbial activity, such as hydroxycinnamic acid, flavones, anthocyanins, catechins, and alkyphenols. Under greenhouse conditions, plants that had the lowest incidence and severity of the disease, were those treated with polyphenols from L. lucidum with 66% incidence, and were statistically different to the rest of the treatments.

Profiling and Quantification of the Key Phytochemicals from the Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera) and Dietary Supplements by UHPLC-PDA-MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer I. Fantoukh ◽  
Yan-Hong Wang ◽  
Abidah Parveen ◽  
Mohammed F. Hawwal ◽  
Gadah A. Al-Hamoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Drumstick Tree

Abstract Moringa oleifera is known as a drumstick tree and is cultivated in the subtropics and tropics. It exhibits antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of 9 phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves and marketed products. The efficient separation was achieved within 7 min with a temperature of 45 °C by using a C-18 column as the stationary phase and water/acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid as the mobile phase. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection, and limits of quantification. The limits of detections of phenolic compounds 1 – 9 were as low as 0.2 µg/mL. The photodiode array detector at 220 and 255 nm wavelengths was recruited for quantification. The key phytochemicals were detected in the range of 0.42 to 2.57 mg/100 mg sample weight in 13 dietary supplements. This study considers the quantitative analysis for lignans in M. oleifera for the first time. Isoquercitrin (5) and quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-β−D-glucopyranoside (6) predominates the leaves of M. oleifera with inherent degradable nature detected for compound 6. Niazirin (2) was detected in amounts between 0.010 – 0.049 mg/100 mg while compound 1 was undetectable and potentially an artifact because of the fractionation process. The characterization and confirmation of components were achieved by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with extractive ion monitoring for the positive and negative ion modes. The developed and validated method is robust and rapid in the conclusive quantification of phytochemicals and authentication of the Moringa samples for quality assurance.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Variability for Yield and its Components in Normal and Late Sown Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Late Sowing

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important legumes widely grown for dietary proteins in semi-arid Mediterranean climatic conditions. The main goal of any breeding programs in the world is to produce high yield and better quality genotypes for farmers and commercial growers to be released as cultivars. Present research has been conducted to select more desirable characteristics that may contribute to the improvement of drought tolerant chickpea. Thirty-two chickpea genotypes along with two control varieties were evaluated in winter and late sowing conditions in 2015 and 2016, in randomized complete block design with three replications. Phenotypic coefficients of variation were found to be higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all the traits. The highest heritability along with high genetic advance was found for hundred seed weight followed by podding day, plant height, flowering day and first pod height in normal and stress conditions. These traits can be improved by giving special attention during selection.

Effect of sowing date and different intercropping patterns on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Torkaman ◽  
Bahram Mirshekari ◽  
Farhad Farahvash ◽  
Mehrdad Yarnia ◽  
Ali Ashraf Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sowing Dates

In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and planting pattern on yield and qualitative parameters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in intercropping, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications, in Hamedan, Iran, during 2014-15. The rapeseed seeds were sown on 21st September. Chickpea was sown on four sowing dates as the main factor (21 September, 10 October, 30 October and 20 November) with 20 days interval. The sub-factor was the planting pattern by replacement series including 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 chickpea-rapeseed mixtures, respectively. Based on the results obtained, among chickpea sowing dates, the first and the last dates had the lowest and highest above-ground biomass and grain yield, respectively. During the late sowing date of chickpea (20 November) the field temperature was colder than the earlier dates, and therefore the freezing temperatures did not allow the seeds to germinate. However, no damage happened to seedlings with the earlier sowing dates. The highest yield was observed in sole cropping for both crops. In contrast, the highest values of land equivalent ratio were obtained in intercropping system. The highest value for land equivalent ratio was calculated as 1.23 in intercropping of 50% chickpea + 50% rapeseed.

Screening of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties against Helicoverpa armigera under semi arid climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Hassan ◽  
Moazzam Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Semi Arid

Nine desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties viz., Balkasar-2000, Bhakhar-2011, Bittal-98, Brc-61, Brc-390, Punjab-2000, Punjab-2008, Thall-2006 and 03009 were sown at experimental area of Islamia University of Bahawalpur in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each during 2014-2015. 03009 had highest mean larval population of Helicoverpa armigera followed by Bittal-98, Thall-2006 and Bhakhar-2011. Punjab-2000, BRC-390 and BRC 61 exhibited moderate larval population. The least larval population was observed in Punjab-2008 and Balkasar-2000. Maximum per cent pod damage was observed in Bittal-98 (28.29) followed by 03009 (26.57), Bhakhar-2011 (25.47), Thall-2006 (24.27), Punjab-2000 (22.81), BRC-390 (21.70), BRC-61 (20.53), Balkasar-2000 (18.30) and Punjab-2008 (16.73). Highest yield of crop was observed in Punjab-2008 (516.35gplot-1) followed by Balkasar-2000 (483.38), BRC-61 (415.15), BRC-390 (380.03), Punjab-2000 (345.34), Bittal-98 (303.50), Bhakhar-2011 (298.43), Thall-2006 (293.55) and 03009 (209.99) g/plot. It was also observed that larval population of H. armigera increased or decreased with weather factors. Thus varieties showing more pest population yielded less and those with less pest population generated more yield of chickpea. These results can be employed for integrated pest management of H. armigera on chickpea in different semi arid climatic conditions.

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