scholarly journals Mycobacterium leprae in Daily Water Resources of Inhabitants Who Live in Leprosy Endemic Area of East Java

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Wahyuni ◽  
Dinar Adriaty ◽  
Iswahyudi Iswahyudi ◽  
Cita Rosita S. Prakoeswa ◽  
Indropo Agusni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leprosy still a health problem in Indonesia, where many leprosy pocket areas still persists, especially in the eastern part of the country. Although the program of WHO – Multidrug Therapy (MDT) regiment has been conducted elsewhere since 1980s, only the prevalence can be reduced but not the incidence of new leprosy cases. Theoretically after the source of leprosy (the infectious leprosy cases) has been treated, no more transmission of the disease and should be no more new leprosy cases will be found. To explain this phenomenon, the non-human resource of M.leprae became a new topic of debates, especially the existence of bacteria in the environment. A field study of the existence of M.leprae in the environment of leprosy endemic area had been conducted in a leprosy endemic area of the northern part of East Java. The aim of the study is to find any correlation of the existence of these bacteria in the environment with the presence of leprosy patients who live in that area, in order to study its role in the transmission of the disease. Ninety water samples from wells in the house of inhabitants who live in one endemic sub district were collected. The owner of the well was interviewed whether any leprosy patients who routinely use the water for their daily life activities. Water samples were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method to detect M.leprae DNA, using the LpF-LpR and Lp3-Lp4 nested primers (99bp). The PCR results showed positive band for M.leprae in 22 out of 90 (24%) water samples. Water samples from wells that used by leprosy patients showed positive PCR in 11/48 (23%), while 11 out of 42 (26%) water samples from wells that never been used by leprosy cases showed positive result. Statistically there was no difference (p>0.05) in the positivity of M.leprae between the two groups. It was concluded that the existence of M.leprae in the daily water resource was not correlated with the present of leprosy cases in the area. Possible symbiosis between protozoan and mycobacterium in the environment were discussed.

scholarly journals Diversity ofLeptospiraspp. in Rats and Environment from Urban Areas of Sarawak, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Fung Pui ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Kasing Apun ◽  
Lela Su’ut
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Soil And Water

Various prevalence studies onLeptospirain animals and humans, as well as environmental samples, had been conducted worldwide, including Malaysia. However, limited studies have been documented on the presence of pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophyticLeptospirain selected animals and environments. This study was therefore conducted to detectLeptospiraspp. in rats, soil, and water from urban areas of Sarawak using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 107 rats, 292 soil samples, and 324 water samples were collected from April 2014 to February 2015. PathogenicLeptospirawas present in 5.6% (6/107) of rats, 11.6% (34/292) of soil samples, and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. IntermediateLeptospirawas present in 2.7% (8/292) of soil samples and 1.9% (6/324) of water samples. SaprophyticLeptospirawas present in 10.3% (11/107) of rats, 1.4% (4/292) of soil samples, and 0.3% (1/324) of water samples. From this study, 76Leptospiraspp. were isolated. Based on DNA sequencing, the dominantLeptospiraspp. circulating in urban areas of Sarawak are pathogenicLeptospira noguchii, intermediateLeptospira wolffiiserovar Khorat, and saprophyticLeptospira meyeri, respectively. Overall, this study provided important surveillance data on the prevalence ofLeptospiraspp. from rats and the environment, with dominant local serovars in urban areas of Sarawak.

scholarly journals Role of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the Diagnosis of Paucibacillary Leprosy

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Md Akram Ullah Sikder ◽  
Lubna Khondker ◽  
Abu Hena Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Kamal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Bacteriological Test ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is still considered a major health problem in many developing countries. The routine bacteriological test on the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in skin smears is not sufficiently sensitive or specific in the paucibacillary leprosy patients. To detect DNA of Mycobacterium leprae by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from skin biopsy specimen as a means of diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy. It was a cross-sectional study of clinically diagnosed 33 cases of Paucibacillary leprosy patients. Laboratory works were performed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of pathology; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Leprosy Control Institute and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka from November 2013 to June 2015. It was observed that the mean age of patients was found 30.9±13.7 years, 19(57.6%) patients had two to five skin lesions, all (100%) patients had tuberculoid type of leprosy, all (100%) patients had loss of sensation and 18(54.5%) patients had nerve thickening. Regarding slit skin smear test, it was observed that all (100%) patients were slit skin smear negative for leprosy bacilli, 8(24.2%) patients had positive skin biopsy for histopathology and 15(45.5%) patients had positive skin biopsy for PCR. The validity of PCR for identification of paucibacillary leprosy correlated with sensitivity 100%, specificity 72%, accuracy 78.8%, positive predictive value 53.3% and negative predictive value 100%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has definite value in the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy and can be regarded as a sensitive and specific diagnostic modality. CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 41-48

scholarly journals The frequency of detection of non-polio enteroviruses in foul and fecal waste waters, water and some food products

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-528
Author(s):  
Viktor I. Sergevnin ◽  
M. A. Tryasolobova ◽  
E. V. Kudrevatykh ◽  
E. Zh. Kuzovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Fecal Waste

In the Perm Territory from 2010 to 2014 155 samples offoul andfecal waste waters, 293 samples of surface water, 827 samples of supply net water, and 57 vegetable and fruit water-washes were examined for the RNA enterovirus agent with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In parallel 155 wastewater samples, 20 samples of surface water, and 4 samples of supply net water were examined for non-polio enterovirus agent with the use of virological methods. In the samples of foul waste waters the RNA enterovirus agent was detected in 74.8 ± 3.4%, and nonpolio enterovirus agent - in 65.1 ± 3.8%. In the samples of surface water the RNA enterovirus agent was detected in 2.3 ± 0.8%; in the area offoul and fecal waste waters the non-polio enterovirus agent was detected in 20.0 ± 4.4% in the process of virological investigation of RNA-positive water samples. In supply net water the RNA enterovirus agent was detected in 0.8 ± 0.3 %, on the surface of vegetables, fruits, and grapes - in 10.5 ± 3.9 %.

scholarly journals The Findings of Mycobacterium Leprae DNA Existence in the Air as an Indication of Leprosy Transmission from Respiratory System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Qotrunada Alam Cendaki
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Factors

There are transmisions source in Infectious Leprosy Hospital Kediri from leprosy patients that can contaminate air with leprosy bacillus. There are also the risk groups, such as medical and non-medical staff, and visitors who contact with the environment. This study was to describe the existence of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in the air at nursing rooms Hospital Infections leprosy Kediri. The method was observational descriptive with object were the entire room of hospital treatment infections leprosy Kediri which consisted of 6 inpatient rooms and 4 outpatient rooms. The variable in this research was existence of Mycobacterium leprae DNA by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. The result showed that leprosy DNA found in nursing room that indicated there was other factors that supporting Mycobacterium leprae in the air. It can be concluded that air can be the temporary potential factors of disease transmission. It’s suggested to conduct in positive of Mycobacterium leprae DNA at indoor. So that indoor air is clean and healthy.

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