MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF INTRAHOSPITAL INFECTION IN SURGICAL HOSPITAL

За 2020 год было обследовано на носительство патогенного стафилакокка - 144 человека. По стационару за год было проведено 5666 операций, (прооперировано больных - 5197), зарегистрировано осложнений - 88 (1,6%). На микробиологические исследования были взяты пробы из воздуха - 446, смывы 2686, материалы на стерильность - 842 и на носительство 445 проб. По результатам микробиологического мониторинга с внешней среды в основном высевался условно патогенный стафилакокк в 54 % случаях от всех положительных результатов и бактерии группы кишечной палочки в 15,5 % случаев соответственно. При проведении анализа обследования пациентов на микрофлору отмечено, что по стационару исследовано бактериологически - 26,2% пациентов (всего пролечено - 5824, обследовано - 1524, выявлено положительных результатов - 768 - 50,4 %). Анализ выделенной микрофлоры у пациентов показал, что наибольший процент приходится на выявления клебсиеллы (19,3%), стрептококков (18,5 %), золотистого стафилакокка (15,1%), синегнойной палочки (4,0%). В 21,2 % случаев высев кандида, это указывает на то, что пациенты получают большое количество антибиотиков, а также не в полном объеме проводится противогрибкового лечения. Проведенный мониторинг нозокомиальных инфекций важны с позиции эпидемиологического надзора, так как они создают предпосылки для планирования научно-обоснованных мер борьбы и профилактики госпитальных инфекций. Постоянный микробиологический мониторинг внутрибольничной инфекции повысит выявление групп и факторов риска возникновения внутрибольничной инфекций, определить во время предвестников осложнения эпидемиологической обстановки, оценить и прогнозировать эпидемиологические ситуации. In 2020, 144 people were examined for the carriage of pathogenic staphylococcus. In the hospital, 5666 operations were performed during the year (5197 patients were operated on), complications were registered - 88 (1.6%). For microbiological studies, samples were taken from the air - 446, washes - 2686, materials for sterility - 842 and 445 samples for carrier. According to the results of microbiological monitoring from the external environment, conditionally pathogenic staphylococcus was mainly sown in 54% of cases of all positive results and bacteria of the E. coli group in 15.5% of cases, respectively. When analyzing the examination of patients for microflora, it was noted that 26.2% of patients were bacteriologically examined in the hospital (in total, 5824 were treated, 1524 were examined, positive results were found - 768 - 50.4%). The analysis of the isolated microflora in patients showed that the largest percentage is due to the detection of Klebsiella (19.3%), streptococci (18.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.0%). In 21.2% of cases of Candida sowing, this indicates that patients receive a large amount of antibiotics, and also that antifungal treatment is not fully carried out. The monitoring of nosocomial infections is important from the point of view of epidemiological surveillance, since they create the prerequisites for planning evidence-based measures to combat and prevent hospital infections. Continuous microbiological monitoring of nosocomial infections will increase the identification of groups and risk factors for nosocomial infections, determine during the harbingers of complications of the epidemiological situation, assess and predict epidemiological situations

The Synthesis and Evaluation of Amidoximes as Cytotoxic Agents on Model Bacterial E. coli Strains

The biological research on newly synthesized amidoximes, Boc-protected amidoximes and Boc-derived amidines, obtained by a reduction of the parent amidoximes is reported, herein. Due to the presence of a free amino group in both amidines and amidoximes, these compounds can undergo various chemical reactions such as N-alkylation and N-acylation. One such reaction is Boc-protection, often used in organic synthesis to protect the amino and imino groups. Until now, Boc-protected amidoximes have not been tested for biological activity. Amidoxime derivatives were tested on bacterial E. coli strains. Initial cellular studies tests and digestion with Fpg after the modification of bacterial DNA, suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents compared to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (ci), bleomycin (b) and cloxacillin (cl). The described compounds are highly specific for pathogenic E. coli strains on the basis of the model strains used and may be used in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and hospital infections in the pandemic era.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of inhibitor-protected cephalosporins fortified with basic antibiotic

Inhibitor-protected cephalosporins are an important tool against hospital infections caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase producers. At the same time, the relative deficiency of the basic antibiotic in combination with the β-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam (1: 1) may be associated with the risk of therapeutic failure.Objective. To compare therapeutic effect of various regimens for prescribing inhibitor-protected cephalosporins in children with severe bacterial infection.Children characteristics and research methods. The authors compared clinical efficacy of cefotaxime / sulbactam, cefoperazone / sulbactam, cefepime / sulbactam at maximum doses and main component-fortified-cefepime / sulbactam. The study included 92 patients aged from 2 months to 12 years with appendicular peritonitis, acute purulent osteomyelitis, complicated hospital infections of the lower respiratory tract, exacerbation of chronic purulent otitis media and chronic urinary tract infections. It was found that inhibitor-protected cephalosporins with a 1: 1 ratio of components more often necessitated a change in therapy. The use of drugs initially containing a basic antibiotic in a high dose (component ratio 2:1) or additionally fortified with a basic antibiotic demonstrated a higher therapeutic efficacy.

Healthcare professionals knowledge and practices towards hospital infections in surgical clinics

Background: Hospital-acquired infections are a major public health problem, as they increase hospitalization, cost, morbidity, mortality and antibiotic resistance. Aim: To assess the level of knowledge and practices of health professionals about hospital infections in surgical clinics and investigate possible determinants that affects their compliance with international protocols for prevention and control of hospital infections. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted. Study population included 106 health professionals from medical and nursing staff in surgical clinics of a general hospital in Attica. Data collection was conducted during October and December 2019. We used the Healthcare-Associated Infections questionnaire to measure knowledge and practices of health professionals about hospital infections. Results: The mean overall knowledge score for hospital infections was 59.4, indicating a moderate level of knowledge. The highest level of knowledge was about the safety of healthcare professionals, while the lowest level was about the source of hospital infections. The results of the multivariate linear regression showed that participants who were aware of the infection control program at their hospital and knew they had to wash their hands following the six steps of the hand hygiene protocol had a higher level of knowledge score regarding hospital infections. In contrast, participants who felt that their hospital was following a good infection control and prevention strategy had a lower level of knowledge. In addition, healthcare professionals who washed their hands before and after examining patients, after using medical equipment for patient care, throughout and after the end of the shift, and after removing disposable gloves had a higher level of knowledge for hospital infections. Conclusions: The findings of the present study are consistent with the international literature on the existence of a moderate level of knowledge regarding international prevention guidelines. Compliance of healthcare professionals is essential to achieve universal, quality and safe healthcare and a safe working environment

1253. Antimicrobial Activity of Cefepime in Combination with Taniborbactam Against Clinical Isolates of Enterobacterales from 2018-2020 Global Surveillance

Background Taniborbactam (formerly VNRX-5133) is a novel cyclic boronate-based broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor with potent and selective direct inhibitory activity against both serine- and metallo-β-lactamases (Ambler Classes A, B, C and D). Taniborbactam restores the activity of cefepime against many difficult to treat organisms, including cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity of the investigational combination cefepime-taniborbactam (FTB) and comparator agents was evaluated against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales from a 2018-2020 global surveillance study. Methods MICs of cefepime with taniborbactam fixed at 4 µg/mL and comparators were determined following CLSI M07-A11 guidelines against 10,543 Enterobacterales. Isolates were from community and hospital infections collected from 259 sites in 56 countries in 2018-2020. Resistant phenotypes were based on 2021 CLSI breakpoints. A set of 827 isolates with meropenem MIC ≥4 µg/mL (n=421) or with cefepime and/or ceftazidime MIC ≥2 µg/mL (n=406) was evaluated for the presence of MBLs, KPC, ESBLs, and OXA-48 group genes via PCR and sequencing. Forty-eight isolates with FTB MIC values of 16 µg/mL or greater were interrogated by WGS. Results Overall, 23.0% and 15.9% of isolates were nonsusceptible (NS) to cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP), respectively (Table). FTB had potent activity against all Enterobacterales, with MIC50/90 values of 0.06/0.25 µg/mL and 99.5% inhibited at ≤8 µg/mL. FTB maintained activity against MBL-, KPC-, OXA-48 group, and ESBL-positive isolates (MIC90 range, 1 to >16 µg/mL; 80.5% to 100% inhibited at ≤8 µg/mL). Isolates with elevated FTB MICs had IMP-type enzymes, variation in the cefepime target (penicillin binding protein 3), permeability defects in combination with acquired β-lactamases, and/or possible up-regulated efflux. Results Table Conclusion Taniborbactam significantly restored the in vitro activity of cefepime against Enterobacterales, including isolates nonsusceptible to recently-approved BL/BLI combinations and expressing serine and metallo-β-lactamases. This support the continued development of FTB as a potential new treatment option for challenging infections due to resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Disclosures Meredith Hackel, PhD MPH, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Mark G G. Wise, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor)

Draft Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N0320, Isolated from a Commercial Nanoparticle Product

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is frequently associated with hospital infections. We report the 4.8-Mbp draft genome sequence of the oxidase-positive S. maltophilia strain N0320, an isolate from a commercial hydroxyapatite nanoparticle product.

A NLP Pipeline for the Automatic Extraction of Microorganisms Names from Microbiological Notes

According to the “Istituto Superiore di Sanita‘” (ISS), hospital infections are the most frequent and serious complication of health care. This constitutes a real health emergency which requires incisive and joint action at all levels of the local and national health organization. Most of the valuable information related to the presence of a specific microorganism in the blood are written into the notes field of the laboratory exams results. The main objective of this work is to build a Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipeline for the automatic extraction of the names of microorganisms present in the clinical texts. A sample of 499 microbiological notes have been analysed with the developed system and all the microorganisms names have been extracted correctly, according to the labels given by the expert.

Analisis Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi dalam Pelaksanaan Surveilans Hai’s di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara TK II Sartika Asih Bandung

Hospital is an institution engaged in health by optimizing health services in an effort to improve the degree of health for the community. This study focuses on the analysis of infection control and prevention programs in the implementation of HAI's surveillance, the aim is to see the main problems in hospital infections, namely referring to the hospital's ability to prevent or minimize the rate of increase in infection, The method used is descriptive qualitative research method, where research data are described in data collection through observation using phenomenological research methods. Data from observations are selected and then categorized from the most relevant data. After doing the research, the results obtained from this research are the PPI program regarding HAI's surveillance at Bhayangkara TK II Sartika Asih Hospital Bandung includes reporting of nosocomial infections such as Phlebitis, Decubitus, UTI (urinary tract infection), VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia) and IDO (operation area infection). And this hospital has reported HAI's surveillance incidents by the IPCN Committee.

Sensitivity of Staphylococcal Biofilm to Selected Compounds of Plant Origin

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium that belongs to the human microbiota. It is most plentiful on the skin, in the respiratory system, and in the human digestive tract. Moreover, it is the most frequently isolated microorganism belonging to the group of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS). In recent years, it has been recognized as an important etiological factor of mainly nosocomial infections and infections related to the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for in-hospital and out-of-hospital infections, is posing an increasing problem for clinicians due to its growing resistance to antibiotics. Biofilm produced by both of these staphylococcal species in the course of infection significantly impedes therapy. The ability to produce biofilm hinders the activity of chemotherapeutic agents—the only currently available antimicrobial therapy. This also causes the observed significant increase in bacterial resistance. For this reason, we are constantly looking for new substances that can neutralize microbial cells. In the present review, 58 substances of plant origin with antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal biofilm were replaced. Variable antimicrobial efficacy of the substances was demonstrated, depending on the age of the biofilm. An increase in the activity of the compounds occurred in proportion to increasing their concentration. Appropriate use of the potential of plant-derived compounds as an alternative to antibiotics may represent an important direction of change in the support of antimicrobial therapy.