Response to article titled “US-funded measurements of cervical cancer death rates in India: scientific and ethical concerns” by Eric J Suba published online on April 17, 2014 in the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 20–39 years. Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Three HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent. The nonavalent vaccine provides protection against almost 90% of HPV-related CC. Despite availability of primary and secondary prevention measures, CC persists as one of the most common cancers among women around the world. Although CC is a largely preventable disease, management of persistent or recurrent CC no longer amenable to control with surgery or radiation therapy has not improved significantly with the progress of modern chemotherapy and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix remains a discouraging clinical entity with a 1-year survival rate between 10% and 15%. Over the last few years, there has been increasing interest in immunotherapy as a strategy to fight tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about the HPV vaccine and immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of CC, highlighting the future view.

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U.S. lung cancer death rates begin to rise proportionately more rapidly for females than for males: A dose-response effect?

Journal of Chronic Diseases ◽

10.1016/0021-9681(72)90211-1 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 473-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Fred Burbank

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Dose Response ◽

Cancer Death ◽

Lung Cancer Death ◽

Death Rates ◽

Response Effect ◽

Dose Response Effect

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Prevalensi Kanker Serviks Berdasarkan Paritas di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i3.592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Septia Haryani ◽

Defrin Defrin ◽

Yenita Yenita

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Birth Trauma ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Cancer Death ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

High Parity ◽

Group 3 ◽

Age Of Majority

AbstrakKanker serviks menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian akibat kanker pada wanita usia reproduktif di negara berkembang. Jumlah paritas di Sumatera Barat masih cukup tinggi, paritas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks yang berhubungan dengan hormon dan trauma saat persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi kanker serviks berdasarkan jumlah paritas di RSUP. DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik pasien kanker serviks di RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2013 - Juni 2014. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 63 kasus kanker serviks. Distribusi kanker serviks berdasarkan umur terbanyak pada kelompok umur >50 tahun sebanyak 27 kasus (42,9%), berdasarkan jenis pembayaran pasien kanker serviks banyak memakai jamkesmas sebanyak 21 kasus (38,1%), jenis histopatologi terbanyak ditemukan pada jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa sebanyak 46 kasus (73%) dan jumlah paritas yang terbanyak pada kelompok paritas 3-5 kali sebanyak 40 kasus (63,5%). Umur dan paritas tidak ada hubungannya dengan jenis kanker serviks.Paritas bukan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks.Kata kunci: kanker serviks, paritas, histopatologi AbstractThe cervical cancer is the first rank cause of cancer death in women of reproductive age in developing countries. The number of parity in West Sumatera is still high, parity is one of the risk factors for cervical cancer relating to hormone and birth trauma. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of cervical cancer based on parity in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. This research was descriptive observational study. Secondary data was taken from medical record of cervical cancer patients in Dr. M.Djamil Hospital Padang from January 2011 until December 2012. The study was held from October 2013 until June 2014.The research found 63 cases of cervival cancer. Distribution cervical cancer by the age of majority in the age group >50 years old were 27 cases (42,9%), based on kind of payment is mostly used jamkesmas were 21 cases (38,1%), based on histopathology of majority on squamous cell carcinoma is 46 cases (73%) and based on the highest number of parity is the parity group 3-5 were 40 cases (63,5%). People’s age and parity are not related to the type of cervical cancer. Parity is not a risk factor of having cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, parity, histopathology

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