scholarly journals From the Infection to the Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: Can We Stop the Natural Course of the Disease?

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Daniela Luvero ◽  
Salvatore Lopez ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Francesco Raspagliesi ◽  
Roberto Angioli
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 20–39 years. Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Three HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent. The nonavalent vaccine provides protection against almost 90% of HPV-related CC. Despite availability of primary and secondary prevention measures, CC persists as one of the most common cancers among women around the world. Although CC is a largely preventable disease, management of persistent or recurrent CC no longer amenable to control with surgery or radiation therapy has not improved significantly with the progress of modern chemotherapy and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix remains a discouraging clinical entity with a 1-year survival rate between 10% and 15%. Over the last few years, there has been increasing interest in immunotherapy as a strategy to fight tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about the HPV vaccine and immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of CC, highlighting the future view.

scholarly journals Vaccination against human papilloma virus in the light of quaternary prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (41) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Pizzanelli ◽  
Marc Jamoulle
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Quaternary Prevention ◽  
Opinion Article

In spite of the demonstrated benefits, the question of HPV massive vaccination is still subject to intense discussions and controversies. The protection against cancer is still unproven and need more time to be accurate about the quantification of the decrease in cervical cancer. The analysis of HPV vaccine relevance is very complex due to several overlapped levels to be considered. The authors analyze many of the ethical, sociological, economic, political and finally scientific issues involved. The population trust in vaccines has been affected owing to dubious practices of many pharmaceutical companies. Faced with this manipulation of information on a worldwide scale, general practitioners have organized themselves to fight this uncertainty. Quaternary prevention, a concept supported by the World Organization of Family doctors, advocates the application of ethically acceptable procedures in health care. This opinion article addresses some of the multiple dimensions involved to encourage reflection on this issue.

scholarly journals Preoperative Radiation Therapy is an Independent and Strong Risk Factor for Late Non-cancer Death after Esophagectomy

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Takahiro MORI ◽  
Shukichi MIYAZAKI ◽  
Go MIYATA ◽  
Ko SUGAWARA ◽  
Ko ONODERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preoperative Radiation ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Strong Risk Factor ◽  
Preoperative Radiation Therapy

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG VAKSIN HUMAN PAPILOMA VIRUS (HPV) SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN KANKER LEHER RAHIM DI DUSUN I DESA MANGGA KABUPATEN LANGKAT TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Setia Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Papiloma Virus

Abstrak: Jumlah pengidap kanker serviks seluruh dunia mencapai 2,2 juta jiwa per tahun. Yayasan kanker Indonesia (2007) menyebutkan angka 2 yang lebih hebat, 500.000 perempuan indonesia  terdeteksi telah mengidap kanker serviks setiap tahun dan separuhnya meninggal akibat kanker serviks tersebut dan  70 % pasien kanker serviks di Rumah sakit datang sudah dalam stadium lanjut. Kanker leher rahim pada umumnya dapat dicegah secara primer yaitu dengan vaksinasi.  Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu  tentang  Vaksin HPV Sebagai Pencegahan Kanker Leher Rahim di dusun I Desa Mangga Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2016. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah bersifat deskriptif, dengan populasi adalah ibu Pasangan Usia Subur di Dusun I Desa mangga sebanyak 30 orang dan pengumpulan data secara primer dengan membagikan kuesioner.  Dari hasil Penelitian diperoleh mayoritas responden berpengetahuan kurang  sebanyak 24 orang (66,6%), mayoritas berpendidikan dasar  sebanyak 21 responden (58,3%) dan mayoritas tidak pernah memperoleh informasi sebanyak 17 responden (47,2%). Disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan responden dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan dan sumber informasi oleh karena itu disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan untuk lebih banyak memberikan informasi.Abstract: The number of people with cervical cancer all over the world reached 2.2 million people per year. Cancer Foundation, Indonesia (2007) mentions a great number 2, 500,000 Indonesian women have contracted cervical cancer detected each year and half die of cervical cancer, and 70% of cervical cancer patients at the hospital are coming already in the advanced stage. Cervical cancer in General can be prevented with vaccination in primary. The purpose of this research is to know the description of the mother's Knowledge about HPV vaccine as a prevention of cervical cancer in the hamlet of Langkat Regency Mango village Year 2016. Type of this research is descriptive, with a population of Fertile Age Couples was the mother in hamlet village mango as many as 30 people and the collection of primary data by distributing questionnaires. Of research results obtained a majority of respondents knowledgeable less as much as 24 people (66.6%), the majority of educated basis as much as 21 respondents (58.3%) and the majority never gain as much information as the 17 respondents (47.2%). It was concluded that the respondent's knowledge is influenced by education and information resources are therefore recommended to health workers to give more information

scholarly journals Panorama dos casos de câncer atendidos no hospital geral público de Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Rezende das Neves ◽  
Nivaldo Mendonça Fernandes ◽  
Fernanda Resende Martins ◽  
Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Junior ◽  
Fellipe Camargo Ferreira Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
World Population ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Estratégias de prevenção e tratamento contra o câncer progrediram nos últimos anos. No entanto, a incidência continua em crescimento progressivo, gerando elevados custos à população mundial. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com o objetivo de determinar o perfil dos indivíduos internados por câncer no período de 2010 a 2015 no Hospital Geral Público de Palmas Dr. Francisco Ayres (HGPP), Tocantins, Brasil. Foram coletadas e avaliadas informações presentes no banco de dados da Comissão Hospitalar de Câncer do HGPP. Constatou-se que o tipo de câncer que apresentou maior ocorrência foi o de próstata, com 564 casos (15,38%), seguido por câncer de colo do útero, com 462 casos (12,60%), pele, com 403 casos (10,99%) e mama, com 381 casos (10,39%). Morreram 1.123 (30,63%) pacientes internados por câncer nesse período.  E 3.100 (84,56%) indivíduos foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Esses dados, portanto, podem possibilitar o direcionamento das estratégias de prevenção a serem adotadas ou melhoradas com o objetivo de diminuir a incidência de câncer e mortalidade por essa doença.   Palavras-chave: Neoplasias; Tocantins; Brasil. Strategies for prevention and treatment against cancer have progressed in recent years. However, the incidence continues to grow gradually, generating high costs to the world population. A retrospective study was carried out to determine the profile of individuals hospitalized for cancer in the period from 2010 to 2015 at the Public General Hospital of Palmas Dr. Francisco Ayres (PGHP), Tocantins, Brazil. Data were collected and evaluated in the PGHP Cancer Hospital Commission database. It was found that the type of cancer that presented the highest occurrence was prostate, with 564 cases (15,38%), followed by cervical cancer, with 462 cases (12,60%), skin, with 403 cases (10,99%) and breast, with 381 cases (10,39%). There were 1.123 (30.63%) patients hospitalized for cancer in this period. And 3.100 (84,56%) individuals underwent surgical procedures. These data, therefore, may enable the targeting of prevention strategies to be adopted or improved in order to reduce the incidence of cancer and mortality from this disease. Keywords: Neoplasms; Tocantins; Brazil.

scholarly journals Uticaj faktora rizika na nastanak hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti / The influence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ranka Jaćimović
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The world today is faced with a growing increase in chronic non-communicable diseases (CNB), which become the leading cause of death. In 2012, the CNB were responsible for 38 million (68%) of all the 56 million deaths. Of that number, more than 40% died were younger than 70 years, and more than 82% of deaths were in underdeveloped and developing countries.The main risk factors in the development of the CNB are hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity and smoking. Reducing risk factors and timely detection and treatment is the least expensive way to solve the non-communicable diseases. The depletion of CNB has guiding public policy to promote the prevention, early detection and treatment of these diseases. In order to evaluate how successful strategies to combat rate for the Republica Srpska we examined the prevalence of risk factors for CNB at 1,454 patients older than 18 years in a team of family medicine DZ Banja Luka.The results indicate that high blood pressure is present in 40% of patients, dyslipidemia in 60%, with a high presence of hyperglycemia 23.5%. Smoking as a risk factor is present in 41% of subjects. One in five respondents were obese (BMI> 30).Our results suggest that the measures in the Republica Srpska invest in the prevention and treatment of CNB are not successful and are similar to those in the least developed countries.

Abstract C51: Definitive radiation therapy for cervical cancer: Race as a risk factor for delayed completion, preliminary findings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariska Petersen ◽  
Dmitry Davydov ◽  
Yafa Davydova ◽  
Michael FitzGerald ◽  
Thomas Buekers
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Risk Factor

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF СOVID-19, SARS-COV-2 VIRUS AND THE DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
A.A. Korenkova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Mayorova ◽  
V.V. Bahmetjev ◽  
M.V. Tretyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Optimal Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The new coronavirus infection has posed a major public health challenge around the world, but new data on the disease raises more questions than answers. The lack of optimal therapy is a significant problem. The article examines the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of COVID-19, special attention is paid to features of pathological processes and immune responses in children. COVID-19 leads to a wide diversity of negative outcomes, many of which can persist for at least months. Many of the consequences have yet to be identified. SARS-CoV-2 may provoke autoimmune reactions. Reinfection, herd immunity, vaccines and other prevention measures are also discussed in this review.

Competitiveness in the era of global digitalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Business ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Antitrust Policy ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The World

In the context of digitalization in the world, competition is intensifying, lead-ing to a significant transformation of international business and a change in the development strategies of global digital platforms in the global market. The article analyzes and summarizes the prevailing approaches to competition and antitrust policy in the context of the “platformization” of the world economy and its impact on international economic dynamics.

PECULIARITIES OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS GENOTYPING IN PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
N.A. Shmakova ◽  
G.N. Chistyakova ◽  
I.N. Kononova ◽  
I.I. Remizova
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
The World ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hpv 18

Recently, there has been a steady growth of cervical cancer all over the world, especially in Russia. Patients with cervical cancer have become much younger. At the same time, the human papillomavirus is not only the main factor in the neoplastic process, but it is also one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. The aim of the paper is to assess the prevalence and characteristics of human papillomavirus genotypes in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Materials and Methods. During the periodic screening we examined 213 women of a reproductive age with HPV infection. All patients underwent liquid-based cytology and human papillomavirus genotyping by polymerase chain reaction. Results. We revealed that the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women with papillomavirus infection was 80.3 % (n=171). According to human papillomavirus genotyping, HPV 16 (38 %) and HPV 33 (32 %) prevailed. We also observed positive high correlation between high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and HPV 18 (r=+0.759, p=0.001), a negative mean correlation between HPV 45 and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) (r=-0.643, p=0.002). A cohort of patients with severe intraepithelial cervical lesions demonstrated high viral load rates. Conclusion. According to the results obtained, we established the dominance of HPV 16 and HPV 33 genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. There were significant differences between HSIL and LSIL patients with HPV 18 and HPV 45. There was also a correlation between an increase in the viral load with the severity of the pathological process. Keywords: human papillomavirus, intraepithelial cervical neoplasms, cervical cancer. В последние годы в мире, особенно в России, наблюдается неуклонный рост и «омолаживание» рака шейки матки. При этом вирус папилломы человека является не только основным фактором прогрессирования неопластического процесса, но и одной из наиболее распространенных инфекций, предаваемых половым путем, в мире. Цель. Оценить распространенность и характеристику генотипов папилломавирусной инфекции у пациенток с цервикальными интраэпителиальными неоплазиями. Материалы и методы. Проведено обследование 213 пациенток репродуктивного возраста с ВПЧ-инфекцией, пришедших на профилактический осмотр. Всем женщинам было выполнено цитологическое исследование жидкостным методом и генотипирование вируса папилломы человека методом полимеразной цепной реакции. Результаты. Распространенность цервикальных интраэпителиальных неоплазий среди женщин с папилломавирусной инфекцией составила 80,3 % (171 пациентка). Согласно данным генотипирования вируса папилломы человека превалировал 16-й (38 %) и 33-й типы (32 %). Выявлена положительная высокая корреляционная связь между цервикальными неоплазиями высокой степени онкогенного риска (HSIL) и 18-м типом ВПЧ-инфекции (r=+0,759 при р=0,001), отрицательная средняя корреляционная связь 45-го типа ВПЧ с низкой степенью онкогенного риска (LSIL) (r=-0,643 при р=0,002). Продемонстрированы высокие показатели вирусной нагрузки в когорте пациенток с тяжелыми внутриэпителиальными цервикальными поражениями. Выводы. По результатам полученных данных установлено доминирование 16-го и 33-го генотипов ВПЧ при цервикальных интраэпителиальных неоплазиях с наличием значимых различий между пациентами с HSIL и LSIL в отношении 18-го и 45-го типов, а также связь роста уровня вирусной нагрузки с увеличением степени тяжести патологического процесса. Ключевые слова: вирус папилломы человека, интраэпителиальные новообразования шейки матки, рак шейки матки.

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