scholarly journals Allergen-associated molecular patterns: a new trend in modern allergology

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
V. S. Sviridova ◽  
P. Yu. Isaev ◽  
V. V. Klimov ◽  
M. I. Romanova ◽  
N. S. Koshkarova
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Conserved Motifs ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Over the last decade the role of innate immunity has been known to be crucial for the activation of adaptive immune system. The main triggers that upregulate reactions of innate immunity are small exogenous molecules with conserved motifs, molecular patterns. The article discusses a variety of possible roles of molecular patterns in the immune mechanisms, including the participation of Allergen Associated Molecular Patterns (AAMPs) in allergic processes.

scholarly journals Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia M. Blaszczak ◽  
Anahita Jalilvand ◽  
Willa A. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals The neuropeptide receptor NMUR-1 regulates the specificity of C. elegans innate immunity against pathogen infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Wibisono ◽  
Shawndra Wibisono ◽  
Jan Watteyne ◽  
Chia-Hui Chen ◽  
Durai Sellegounder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Functional Assays

A key question in current immunology is how the innate immune system generates high levels of specificity. Like most invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans does not have an adaptive immune system and relies solely on innate immunity to defend itself against pathogen attacks, yet it can still differentiate different pathogens and launch distinct innate immune responses. Here, we have found that functional loss of NMUR-1, a neuronal GPCR homologous to mammalian receptors for the neuropeptide neuromedin U, has diverse effects on C. elegans survival against various bacterial pathogens. Transcriptomic analyses and functional assays revealed that NMUR-1 modulates C. elegans transcription activity by regulating the expression of transcription factors, which, in turn, controls the expression of distinct immune genes in response to different pathogens. Our study has uncovered a molecular basis for the specificity of C. elegans innate immunity that could provide mechanistic insights into understanding the specificity of vertebrate innate immunity.

scholarly journals Role of immune cells in the ocular manifestations of pemphigoid diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141986812
Author(s):  
Tanima Bose
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ocular Distribution

Pemphigoid disease is classified according to the phenotypical location of the disease and the presence of different types of antibodies. The ocular distribution of pemphigoid mainly occurs in patients with bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid. Several immune cells, including the cells of the innate immune system (neutrophils and γδ T cells) and the adaptive immune system (T and B cells), are involved in pemphigoid disease. The treatment of pemphigoid is still wide-ranging, and the most utilized treatment is the use of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. In this scenario, it is absolutely important to screen the immune cells that are involved in this group of diseases and to determine if a targeted treatment approach is plausible. In conclusion, this review will identify some newer treatment possibilities for the whole spectrum of pemphigoid diseases.

scholarly journals Role of the adaptive immune system in hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G Harrison ◽  
Antony Vinh ◽  
Heinrich Lob ◽  
Meena S Madhur
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Role of T Lymphocytes in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Associated Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xia ◽  
Xiaoquan Rao ◽  
Jixin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Although a critical role of adaptive immune system has been confirmed in driving local and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and promoting insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Inflammatory regulation has been focused on innate immunity especially macrophage for a long time, while increasing evidence suggests T cells are crucial for the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance since 2009. There was growing evidence supporting the critical implication of T cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We will discuss the available effect of T cells subsets in adaptive immune system associated with the procession of T2DM, which may unveil several potential strategies that could provide successful therapies in the future.

scholarly journals Epileptic Encephalitis: The Role of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Annamaria Vezzani ◽  
Christian G. Bien
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

O4-11-06: Role of the Adaptive Immune System in Cerebral Beta-Amyloidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P362-P362
Author(s):  
Luka Kulic ◽  
Claudia Spaeni ◽  
Carlo Cervia ◽  
Tobias Suter ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of the adaptive immune system in regulation of gut microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Kato ◽  
Shimpei Kawamoto ◽  
Mikako Maruya ◽  
Sidonia Fagarasan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals TLRs in the Gut I. The role of TLRs/Nods in intestinal development and homeostasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G6-G10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Sanderson ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Class Ii Transactivator ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

The innate immune system includes microbial pattern recognition receptors that detect bacteria and viral products at the cell surface, in vesicles, and within the cytoplasm. Transmembrane signaling occurs through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Cytoplasmic receptors are generally members of the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family (CATERPILLER family). They influence the effects of other family members and of TLRs. Most NOD-LRR members enhance signal transduction, but Monarch-1 counterbalances TLR activity. NOD-LRR family members also act within the adaptive immune system. The class II transactivator regulates major histocompatibility complex class II expression. In the intestine, it is developmentally regulated, and its expression depends on weaning and, independently, on age.

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