International Cargo Traffic under Conditions of Crisis

2011 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
V. Stupin ◽  
A. Khochlov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
World War ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The World

In 2008, the world economy entered into one of the most severe crises. It exerted strong influence on international trade with the largest decline in 2009 since World War II. A detailed research of international trade made it possible to reveal goods traffic changes. Goods traffic fell slower than value and volume of world trade. Commodity’s drop varies considerably, some showed strong growth.

Conclusion: Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Walter A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
American Business ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Powerful Incentive

Throughout history, and particularly since World War II, American business has held a real and symbolic role in the world economy. The conclusion looks at the reasons behind this: an intermittently regulated business environment; a focus on innovation and regeneration and a comparative lack of stigma attached to failure; and the “American Dream” of democratic entrepreneurship, which has attracted new people and perspectives throughout history. While social and economic freedom is inaccessible to many, the idea of it has been a powerful incentive to encourage risk-taking people, from both America and around the world, to pursue opportunities in America—and enough have succeeded there to encourage others.

Global Organizations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhagat ◽  
Annette S. McDevitt ◽  
B. Ram Baliga
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
World Trade ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments

Organizations that function across dissimilar nations and cultures are known as global organizations. Their origins may be in any of the globalized countries of the World Trade Organization as well as other supernational systems that coordinate activities of the United Nations and similar organizations. Global organizations are everywhere, and their growth has been phenomenal since World War II. Managing them effectively requires in-depth knowledge of the political and economic geography in which they operate. Along with such knowledge, managers must also discern the underpinnings of cultural and technological developments in their strategic planning and implementation. A few decades ago, an interdisciplinary perspective was not regarded as crucial in understanding the functioning of global organizations. However, in the complex and dynamic era of globalization, an interdisciplinary perspective is crucial. This book adopts this perspective and integrates the often conflicting and dynamic perspectives in a fashion that sheds light for understanding the nature of global organizations in the twenty-first century.

Economic and Political Geography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The development of the BRIC economies is being monitored on a regular basis by financial markets worldwide. This chapter discusses some of the reasons for their emergence and continued growth and the challenges they face. Next, it considers the third-largest economy, Japan, and the five Asian dragons, which grew at a phenomenal rate after World War II. It discusses “reactive modernization”—a path of fostering economic growth by negotiating with the ruling Western economies. Japan and South Korea are two classic examples of this kind of growth, where a hybrid of Western industrialization was combined with Eastern methods of operating. A closer inspection of the trading economies in the World Trade Organization would reveal that a growing number of them are from non-Western nations, and they play important roles in shaping the paths that globalizations need to follow in the new economic and political geography of the world.

Phoenix Risen: The Resurrection of Global Finance

1996 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Finance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

Of all the many changes of the world economy since World War II, few have been nearly so dramatic as the resurrection of global finance. A review of five recent books suggests considerable diversity of opinion concerning both the causes and the consequences of financial globalization, leaving much room for further research. Competing historical interpretations, stressing the contrasting roles of market forces and government policies, need to be reexamined for dynamic linkages among the variables they identify. Likewise, impacts on state policy at both the macro and micro levels should be explored more systematically to understand not just whether constraints may be imposed on governments but also how and under what conditions, and what policymakers can do about them. Finally, questions are also raised about implications for the underlying paradigm conventionally used for the study of international political economy and international relations more generally.

scholarly journals The Passage of Time to Develop Ethical Business Environment Through Malaysia’s Competition Act 2010 and Competition Agenda: Post World War II to Present Days

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikala Sankaran ◽  
Hasnah Haron ◽  
Teoh Ai Ping ◽  
Yuvaraj Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
World War ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

This article seeks to reflect on the background of Competition Act 2010 of Malaysia by taking a step by step view on the many initiatives undertaken by various world bodies from post-World War II era in reviving and rebuilding the world economy to present days involving the competition agenda of the nation. In doing so, this article intends to emphasize on the perseverance and continuous efforts made over the decades in ensuring the nation finally had established the Act and the unceasing continuous efforts in forming ethical business environment with healthy competition stay as part Government of Malaysia’s initiatives.

The future of global trade and the WTO

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Cling
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
The World

Purpose – The global governance of trade is in a deadlock and the WTO is suffering from a long standing crisis of legitimacy. This paper aims to analyse the main issues which might influence the governance of world trade from now until 2030 and present quantitative projections of international trade. Design/methodology/approach – The research on the main issues which might influence the governance of world trade from now until 2030 draws on a detailed analysis of the WTO and trade policies. Four scenarios of the world economy are presented, which are derived from the international AUGUR research project “Challenges for Europe in the world in 2030” coordinated by Paris Nord University. The analysis takes into account econometric forecasting of world trade conducted in the framework of this project. Findings – First, the failure of the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations to reach its ambitious agenda derives from the discrepancy between the governance of world trade and the new power relationship prevailing in the world economy, with new emerging powers (China, India, etc.) rapidly increasing their share of world trade. Second, the continuous restructuring of world trade and economy, which goes together with new forms of globalization, will increase pressure for a profound reform of the governance of world trade in the next few years. Research limitations/implications – This paper calls for a reform of world trade governance, especially of the missions of WTO within a renovated economic world order. Future research could investigate more deeply the potential for regional trade integration, which is reinforced by international production networks. Regional trade agreements might be an increasing alternative to multilateral trade agreements. Originality/value – This paper brings new ideas by raising the issue of the governance of world trade using a prospective approach, with the aim to identify the key channels through which international trade integration will impact the world economy. This study bases its analysis on potential scenarios from now on until 2030, each of these scenarios corresponding to a specific institutional configuration.

Trade Liberalization, Protectionism and Interdependence: Gatt Studies in International Trade.—By Richard Blackhurst, Nicolas Marian and Jan Tumlir. Geneva: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. November, 1977. pp.79.

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Surraiya Nishat
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
World War ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Post War ◽  
Major Factors

The study under review is a brief account of issues concerning trade liberalization and protectionism. The authors have extensively argued in favour of free trade and have heavily criticized the protectionist policies presently adopted by different nations. The report is divided into three sections. In section I the main trends in production and trade from World War II to the present have been reviewed. The three post-war decades experienced unprecedented rates of economic growth and prosperity. The three major factors which are responsible for this impressive expansion of post-war trade are listed by the authors as "institutional development, technological innovations and demographic trends". In particular the liberalization of international trade, investment and the freeing of the world economy from the constraints imposed by the self-destructive nationalistic policies of the 1930's have played a major role in this development.

Beyond Economic Disarmament

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Harold K. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Institution ◽  
World War ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Member States ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Welfare ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
The Way

The volume and value of international trade have grown at exceptional rates in the years since World War II, rates of growth that are significantly higher than those for population or production. In a substantial measure the gains in global welfare that have been achieved during this period are attributable to the growth in international trade. The reduction of barriers to trade, accomplished through the instrumentality of a modest international institution, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played a major role in facilitating the growth of international trade. GATT is currently, however, at a critical juncture. The issue that GATT faces is: can the liberalized conditions for international trade that have been achieved through complicated and time-consuming negotiations be maintained and extended or will the world drift—or perhaps even rush—toward protectionism?The trade ministers of GATT's 88 member states meeting in Geneva last November sought to promote further progress toward liberalization or at least to prevent backsliding. Whether or not their efforts will succeed remains to be seen. The obstacles in the way of success are formidable, and the instruments for overcoming them are fragile.

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