Management of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Disease in Chilli through Biotic Defense Inducers

A benign viral satellite RNA, in combination with a mild strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-S), was used as a “vaccine” or “preinoculum” to demonstrate the feasibility of protecting pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. California Wonder) and melon (Cucurbita melo cv. Janus des Canaries) against two severe CMV strains, CMV-D and CMV-16, in the final 2 years of a 4-year pilot field and greenhouse experiment. In the field, healthy pepper and melon seedlings challenged with CMV-D and CMV-16 reduced yields by 33 to 60%; CMV-S caused only limited yield reduction in pepper and had no effect on the yield of melon. Different time intervals between preinoculation of pepper and melon seedlings with CMV-S and challenge inoculation with the severe CMV strains were tested. All plants challenged 3 weeks after vaccination showed nearly complete protection from subsequent infection by severe strains. The yield from preinoculated and challenged pepper plants was 80% that of untreated plants, while the yield from preinoculated and challenged melon plants was increased slightly over the untreated control plants. The use of this technology for biological control of plant viruses is discussed.

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Control of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) disease of tomato by application of an attenuate strain of CMV.

Japanese Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.3186/jjphytopath.52.745 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 745-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mitsuro IWAKI ◽

Rokuo ZENBAYASHI ◽

Kaoru HANADA ◽

Saburo SHIBUKAWA ◽

Hiroshi TOCHIHARA

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Cmv Disease

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A New Technique to Select Mild Strains of Cucumber mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0879 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 879-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Takashi Kobori ◽

Bo-Song Ryang ◽

Tomohide Natsuaki ◽

Yoshitaka Kosaka

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Green Tissue ◽

2B Protein ◽

A New Technique ◽

Dark Green ◽

Cmv Disease ◽

Severe Isolate

An efficient technique to select a good attenuated virus to control Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) disease was developed. Preliminary screenings were conducted to assess the virulence of virus recovered from dark-green islands and yellow tissues of mosaic leaves of Nicotiana rustica after co-inoculation with an attenuated mutant P2bR46C of CMV and its original severe isolate Pepo. All single-lesion isolates (SLIs) obtained from dark-green islands had the attenuated P2bR46C phenotype, but the SLIs from yellow tissue had either the virulent Pepo or the P2bR46C phenotype. When Pepo-infected N. rustica and tomato plants were grown at 15 or 36°C for 30 days, 17 of 288 SLIs obtained from the treated leaves elicited mosaic and dark-green spots without malformation. Dark-green tissue from each plant infected with 1 of these 17 SLIs then was used to inoculate one plant of N. rustica. All 17 plants had either very mild mosaic or no visible symptoms. One of these potential mild strains, 36R37, had an amino acid substitution on the 2b gene encoding the 2b protein. Isolate 36R37 also was highly cross-protective, and its symptom attenuation was stable for three serial host passages. After cold or heat treatment, the dark-green tissue proved to be a good source for isolating mild strains of the virus.

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Rhizobacteria-Mediated Growth Promotion of Tomato Leads to Protection Against Cucumber mosaic virus

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.10.1301 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (10) ◽

pp. 1301-1307 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

John F. Murphy ◽

M. S. Reddy ◽

Choong-Min Ryu ◽

Joseph W. Kloepper ◽

Ruhui Li

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Resistance To Infection ◽

Protection Against Infection ◽

Cmv Disease

We evaluated combinations of two strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) formulated with the carrier chitosan for the ability to induce growth promotion of tomato plants and resistance to infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Each PGPR combination included GB03 (Bacillus subtilis) and one of the following PGPR strains: SE34 (B. pumilus), IN937a (B. amyloliquefaciens), IN937b (B. subtilis), INR7 (B. pumilus), or T4 (B. pumilus). The PGPR combinations formulated with chitosan are referred to as biopreparations. Tomato plants treated with each of the biopreparations appeared phenotypically and developmentally similar to nonbacterized control plants that were 10 days older (referred to as the older control). When plants were challenged with CMV, all plants in the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment had significantly greater height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numbers than that of plants in the CMV-inoculated same age control treatment. CMV disease severity ratings were significantly lower for biopreparation-treated and older control tomato plants than for that of same age control plants at 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi). CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was significantly less for all biopreparation-treated plants and those in the older control than for the same age control plants at 14 dpi and for four of the five biopreparation treatments at 28 dpi. In those tomato plants shown to be infected, the amount of CMV in noninoculated leaves was significantly lower for three of the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment at 14 dpi and biopreparation G/INR7 treatment at 28 dpi when compared with the control treatment. These data show that treatment of tomato plants with biopreparations results in significant enhancement of growth and protection against infection by CMV.

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Biological confirmation of resistance from segregating populations of Gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v11i1.1979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Venkatesh H L ◽

V V Kavyashri ◽

A. S. Padmaja ◽

N Nagaraju ◽

S Ramesh

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Aphid Transmission ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resistance Reaction ◽

Different Response ◽

Cmv Disease ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Resistant Genotypes

Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) is most widespread and destructive disease of gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) Most of the commercial varieties are susceptible to CMV disease. Thus, identification of resistant genotypes for management of CMV disease in gherkin is essential. A total of 179 F3 progenies derived from crosses of resistant and susceptible parent’s viz., Acc.1 (susceptible) x Acc. 50 (resistant), Acc.3 (susceptible) x Acc.50 (resistant), Acc.48 (susceptible) x Acc 50 (resistant) were screened for CMV. Among 179 F3 families, 7 were Immune, 17 were Resistant, 76 were Moderately Resistant, 73 were Moderately Susceptible and 6 were Susceptible. The immune and resistant progenies were further confirmed for their resistance reaction by aphid transmission. Significant difference between the estimates of PDI or F3 progenies mapped into different response classes justified the classification.

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Screening of Capsicum Accessions for Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Engei Gakkai zasshi ◽

10.2503/jjshs.65.769 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 769-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shinji Monma ◽

Yoshiteru Sakata

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus

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Six New Subgroup I Members of Japanese Cucumber Mosaic Virus as Determined by Nucleotide Sequence Analysis on RNA3's cDNAs.

Japanese Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.3186/jjphytopath.62.40 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 40-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Piyasak CHAUMPLUK ◽

Yukiko SASAKI ◽

Naoko NAKAJIMA ◽

Hideaki NAGANO ◽

Ikuo NAKAMURA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Analysis

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Cucumber mosaic virus-induced gene silencing in banana

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-47962-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuh Tzean ◽

Ming-Chi Lee ◽

Hsiao-Hsuan Jan ◽

Yi-Shu Chiu ◽

Tsui-Chin Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Silencing ◽

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing

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Molecular analysis of Greek isolates of cucumber mosaic virus from vegetables shows a low prevalence of satellite RNAs and suggests the presence of host-associated virus strains

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-021-05115-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christos A. Valachas ◽

Ioannis A. Giantsis ◽

Kyriaki Sareli ◽

Stephan Winter ◽

Eleanna Zelezniakof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Satellite Rnas ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Virus Strains

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Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 963

Author(s):

Maria C. Holeva ◽

Athanasios Sklavounos ◽

Rajendran Rajeswaran ◽

Mikhail M. Pooggin ◽

Andreas E. Voloudakis

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Topical Application ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Double Stranded Rna

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive plant virus with worldwide distribution and the broadest host range of any known plant virus, as well as a model plant virus for understanding plant–virus interactions. Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a major antiviral defense, RNAi-based technologies have been developed for plant protection against viral diseases. In plants and animals, a key trigger of RNAi is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processed by Dicer and Dicer-like (DCL) family proteins in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the present study, dsRNAs for coat protein (CP) and 2b genes of CMV were produced in vitro and in vivo and applied onto tobacco plants representing a systemic solanaceous host as well as on a local host plant Chenopodium quinoa. Both dsRNA treatments protected plants from local and systemic infection with CMV, but not against infection with unrelated viruses, confirming sequence specificity of antiviral RNAi. Antiviral RNAi was effective when dsRNAs were applied simultaneously with or four days prior to CMV inoculation, but not four days post inoculation. In vivo-produced dsRNAs were more effective than the in vitro-produced; in treatments with in vivo dsRNAs, dsRNA-CP was more effective than dsRNA-2b, while the effects were opposite with in vitro dsRNAs. Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from in vivo dsRNA-CP treated and non-treated tobacco plants revealed that interference with CMV infection in systemic leaves coincides with strongly reduced accumulation of virus-derived 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs, likely generated by tobacco DCL4 and DCL2, respectively. While the 21-nt class of viral siRNAs was predominant in non-treated plants, 21-nt and 22-nt classes accumulated at almost equal (but low) levels in dsRNA treated plants, suggesting that dsRNA treatment may boost DCL2 activity. Taken together, our findings confirm the efficacy of topical application of dsRNA for plant protection against viruses and shed more light on the mechanism of antiviral RNAi.

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