scholarly journals Pest Infestation of Dipterocarpus retusus (Blume) Fruit at Different Heights in KPHP BATULANTEH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Y.M.M. Anita Nugraheni ◽  
◽  
Tati Suharti ◽  
Septiantina Dyah Riendriasari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Keruing gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus) is a non-timber forest product (NTFP) as a fruit producer that can be used as raw material for vegetable fats. One of the problems faced in planting programs for both production and conservation forests is the presence of fruit pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the fruit pests infestation fruits of D. retusus and the effect of altitude on fruit size and weight in Batulanteh Sumbawa. Fruit samples were collected at locations with different heights, namely below 1000 masl (T 22ºC, RH 83%) and above 1000 masl (T 20ºC, RH 88%). The samples of invading pests were observed and measured morphometry and morphology. The results showed that the insect infestation on the fruit was Alcidodes crassus. The percentage of fruit severity level reached more than 50% at each location. Elevation has a significant effect on fruit diameter and fruit weight, both infested by pests and whole fruit.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics of pomegranate accessions from the Kurdistan region, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Saadatian Mohammad ◽  
Paiza Abdurahman ◽  
Kanar Salim ◽  
Pershang Younis ◽  
Hewen Abdurahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Some physico-chemical properties of ten pomegranate accessions collected from different districts in the Kurdistan region of Iraq were investigated in this paper. Considerable correlations between the characteristics studied were found and valuable pomological traits were observed. Cluster analysis showed the homonyms between some pomegranate accessions. Principle component analysis reported that the component describing the greatest variability also positively correlated with fruit weight, total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit length, fruit diameter, pH, aril length, and 100-seed fresh weight, but negatively correlated with titratable acidity (TA). Fruit weight was firmly correlated with total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. The volume of juice was correlated with TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and it was observed that with an increase in the fruit size, the volume of juice increased as well. The correlation between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was not observed. The associations found among physical and chemical traits suggest that consumers should use large fruits with large arils so that they have more juice. Thus, ?Choman?, ?Raniyeh? and ?Halabja? were juicier than other accessions.

scholarly journals 1025 THE EFFECT OF METHANOL ON ORANGE FRUIT QUALITY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 575c-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz K. Wutscher
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Juice Content ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Spray Applications

Seven-year-old `Hamlin' orange on Swingle citrumelo rootstock were sprayed with 30% methanol and 0.05% Silwet surfactant. There were four treatments: one spray application 48 days, two spray applications 48 and 32 days, and three spray applications 48, 32, and 20 days before harvest on December 2, 1993, with five untreated control trees. The treatments were arranged in five replications of randomized, complete blocks throughout the orchard. There were no significant differences in fruit weight, fruit diameter, rind color, rind thickness, juice content, soluble solids, total acids, solids/acids ratio, and juice color of 30 fruit samples collected from each tree. Leaf samples collected at harvest and analyzed for 12 elements showed higher Na and Cl levels in the leaves of the trees treated with methanol once than in those treated three times.

scholarly journals Estimating Apple Fruit Size Distribution from Early-season Fruit Diameter Measurements

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
James R. Schupp ◽  
Tara Auxt Baugher ◽  
Robert Crassweller
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Fruit Diameter

In three experiments, diameters of apples representing 7% to 30% of the fruit on a tree were measured at ≈60 days after full bloom. Using previously published regression equations, the early-season fruit diameter values were used to estimate apple fruit weight at harvest (FWH). At harvest, all fruit on sample trees were weighed and the distributions of estimated FWH for fruit measured early in the season were compared with distributions of the actual FWH for whole trees. Actual FWH was normally distributed for only one of the three experiments. Although the estimated mean FWH averaged for the 10 trees was within 9% of the actual mean FWH for all three experiments, the distribution of estimated FWH differed significantly from the actual distribution for all three experiments. All fruit were then assigned to appropriate commercial fruit sizes or box counts (number of fruit/19.05 kg). Fruit size tended to peak on the same four box counts for the estimated and actual populations, but the estimated populations had too few fruits in the small- and large-size box counts. Using early-season estimates of FWH, commercial apple growers and packers can predict fairly accurately the percentage of the crop that will fall into the peak box counts, but a more accurate early-season estimate of the fruit size distribution will likely require measuring 50% of the fruit on a tree.

scholarly journals Differences in Cell Number Facilitate Fruit Size Variation in Rabbiteye Blueberry Genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Klima Johnson ◽  
Anish Malladi ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Fruit size is a valuable commercial trait in blueberry. The cellular basis of variation in fruit size among rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) genotypes was investigated. Twenty genotypes, including cultivars and advanced selections from the University of Georgia blueberry breeding program, were analyzed. Among the 20 genotypes, fruit weight and fruit diameter varied by over threefold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between fruit weight and fruit diameter (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.001), suggesting that fruit diameter is a good predictor of fruit weight. Among the 20 genotypes, mesocarp cell number and cell area varied by almost 2.5-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. Although fruit diameter and cell number were significantly related (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001), no relationship could be established between fruit diameter and cell area. These data indicate that variation in fruit size among rabbiteye blueberry genotypes is primarily facilitated by variation in cell number. Two small and two large fruit size genotypes were further analyzed. Differences in cell number among some of these genotypes were apparent at bloom suggesting that cell production before bloom is an important mechanism contributing to variation in final cell number. Differences in final cell number among other genotypes were manifested during fruit development, indicating that cell production during fruit development was also instrumental in determining variation in final cell number. This study suggests that fruit size variation in rabbiteye blueberry genotypes is determined by mechanisms that regulate cell production before bloom and during fruit development.

scholarly journals Effect of Concentration and Time of Accel Application on Cropping of Selected Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 765B-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Hull ◽  
Martin J. Bukovac ◽  
Brent L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The effect of Accel concentration and time of application on fruit size and yield was studied using `Delicious' (Redchief), `Empire', `Jonathan', and `Gala'. High-volume sprays of Accel were applied at 25 to 150 mg·liter–1 to `Delicious' and `Empire' at king fruit diameter (KFD) of 5 to 20 mm. `Jonathan' and `Gala' were treated at KFD of 5 to 20 mm with 10 to 40 g/A. The effect of spray volume (500 to 2000 liters·ha–1) and surfactant (Regulaid) was studied using `Jonathan'. Response was indexed by yield and fruit size distribution at harvest. Although yield in `Delicious' was reduced with all concentrations of Accel, the percentage of fruits in the larger-size classes (3”+) was not significantly increased. In contrast, with `Empire', Accel reduced fruit load similar to hand-thinning (HT) and percentage of large fruit equaled or exceeded that of the HT treatment. Increasing concentration of Accel was related to an increase in fruit size; early application (5 mm KFD) was more effective than late (10, 20 mm KFD) application. There was no significant effect of spray volume or Regulaid. Increasing Accel rate (10 to 20 g/A) resulted in significant yield reduction and increase (4% to 9%) in mean fruit weight in `Gala'.

scholarly journals Influence of Chemical Thinning on Plum Fruit Weight and Diameter

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Andreea Flavia Tripon ◽  
Viorel Mitre ◽  
Ioana Mitre ◽  
Ioana Mitre ◽  
Tabita Lisandru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
Important Objective ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Fruit quality is a very important objective because the consumers have increasing demands for high quality plums, where as it depends of the morphological and organoleptic characteristics of the fruit (shape, size, background color and coverage, color and consistency of the pulp, juiciness, taste, flavor, etc.), as well as technological, biochemical and nutrition value of them. Fruit size is expressed most often by weight or fruit diameter. The study took place in two fruit-growing ecosystems Călacea-Sălaj County and Cluj-Napoca County (at Agroindustriala fruiting tree farm) respectively, and were analyzed 7 varieties of plum in total. Determinations regarding the influence of thinning have been made for these varieties on fruit weight (g) and fruit diameter (mm). Following the chemical treatments for thinning, the highest percentage of fruit with a diameter bigger than 35 mm, in fruit-growing ecosystem Călacea-Sălaj County, was obtained for Stanley cultivar, after the treatment with Cosavet, while in Cluj-Napoca fruit-growing ecosystem, the highest percentage of fruit with a diameter bigger than 35 mm was obtained also for Stanley cultivar, but after the treatment with Ethrel. The highest fruit weight in fruit-growing ecosystem Călacea-Sălaj County was recorded for Stanley variety, after the treatment with Cosavet products (60.2 g), Sulfomat (49.6 g) and Ethrel (48.28 g); in fruit-growing ecosystem Cluj-Napoca, the highest fruit weight was recorded for Nectarină Roșie variety, after the treatment with Cosavet products (57.8 g) and Sulphur (57.8 g).

scholarly journals Vegetation-free Width and Irrigation Impact Peach Tree Growth, Fruit Yield, Fruit Size, and Incidence of Hemipteran Insect Damage

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie L. Fisk ◽  
Michael L. Parker ◽  
Wayne Mitchem
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Strip Width ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Samples

Orchard floor vegetation competes with peach trees for water and nutrients and may harbor pathogens and insects. Tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit size can be optimized through management of vegetation in the tree row and irrigation. Under-tree vegetation-free strip widths (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.6 m) and irrigation were studied in years four through eight of a young peach orchard to determine their effects on peach tree growth and fruit yield, harvest maturity, and fruit size. Immature fruit samples were collected during thinning in years four through six to determine the effect of the treatments on the incidence of hemipteran (catfacing) insect damage. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), as a measure of tree growth, increased with increasing vegetation-free strip width; trees grown in the 3.6-m vegetation-free strip had TCSAs 2.2 times greater, on average, than trees grown in the 0-m vegetation-free strip. TCSA also increased with irrigation; trees grown with irrigation had TCSAs 1.2 times greater, on average, than trees grown without irrigation. Yield increased with increasing vegetation-free strip width, from 9.6 kg per tree in the 0-m plot to 26.5 kg per tree in the 3.6-m plot in year four, to 24.3 kg per tree in the 0-m plot and 39.6 kg per tree in the 3.6-m plot in year eight, for a total yield over years 4–8 per tree of 100 kg in the 0-m plot compared with 210 kg per tree in the 3.6-m plot. Yield, average fruit weight, and average fruit diameter increased with irrigation in three of 5 years; the other 2 years had higher than average rainfall reducing the need for supplemental irrigation. In 3 out of 5 years fruit in irrigated plots matured earlier than fruit in nonirrigated plots. In all years, fruit grown in the 0-m strip matured earliest and had the smallest diameter. Establishing a vegetation-free strip of as narrow as 0.6 m reduced the incidence of catfacing damage compared with the 0-m treatment, even though the orchard was on a commercial pesticide spray schedule. The least damage was seen with the industry standard vegetation-free strip widths greater than 3.0 m with or without irrigation.

scholarly journals 1062 SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHEMICAL THINNING TRIALS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 581c-581
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Counting blossoms before treatment and collecting yield data for whole trees following thinning treatments arc expensive practices. Researchers often collect data on sample branches to reduce the time and expense of data collection. How accurate are these techniques? To generate discussion concerning sampling, results will he presented for several experiments where data were collected for whole trees vs. sample branches. Data will also be presented for different ways of assessing fruit size at thinning time. Fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit volume were recorded for several cultivars over several seasons. I hope to generate discussion about the desirability of these different measures of fruit development.

scholarly journals 184 Timing of Benzyladenine Application as a Chemical Thinner of `Empire' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 455d-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Emongor ◽  
D. P. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Benzyladenine (100 or 200 mg.litre-1) was applied to mature Empire/M.26 apple trees as dilute sprays 2, 4, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 25, 27, 29 or 31 days after full bloom (DAFB). The most effective time of thinning was 25-29 DAFB (king fruit diameter 8.94-13.91 mm), and the thinning response to BA concentration was linear. Benzyladenine (BA) did not reduce fruit set when king fruit diameter was less than 5.35 mm, but BA significantly increased fruit weight, diameter (D), length (L) and L:D ratio compared to unsprayed controls and later BA treatments. BA - treated fruitlets had higher ethylene production, 24 hours and 7 days after spraying compared to untreated controls. We suggest that the response of apple fruitlets to BA applied as a thinner is mediated by ethylene. High fruit quality was obtained when BA was applied at 17-31 DAFB. Timing of BA sprays had no effect on seed number, though BA significantly increased seed number, fruit size, weight and L:D ratio. These results suggest that BA has the potential to substitute for the use of carbaryl as a thinner of apples in Ontario orchards.

scholarly journals Nutrient Supply Effects on the Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
József Racskó ◽  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Sándor Thurzó
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The aim of our two year study is to research the effect of nutrient supply on apple fruit quality, and to explore the relationships between selected fruit quality parameters.Observations were made in Kálmánháza (in the eastern part of Hungary), on a commercial apple orchard. In this experiment, we studied the nutrient supply reaction of four apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Idared and Jonathan Csány) under different N and NPK doses. The following fruit quality parameters were studied: fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit weight, flesh firmness, colour-coverage and we studied the density of foliage.The research results showed that N fertilization has a great effect on fruit quality. This is shown in the cases of increase of fruit size (fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit weight). The increase is proportional with the N doses, accordingly the highest positive difference was observed by using 100 kg/ha N doses. It is important to note that moderate N doses (75 kg/ha) plus P and K additions also had positive effects. There approached the values of 100 kg/ha N, and even exceeded its values in the cultivar Golden Reinders. The increased N doses enlarged the standard deviation, on the other hand, this parameter was low in the cases of balanced NPK fertilization. The nutrient supply increased the vegetative area (density of foliage) in addition to the generative parts, in particular only N fertilizer. However the denser foliage hindered the growth of fruit weight and colour-coverage, and also decreased the fruit quality and the flesh firmness of cultivars, which have a negative effect on storageability.A linear correlation was demonstrated between the fruit weight and colour-coverage, or between fruit weight and flesh firmness. The character of their relationship was similar, but the direction differed: high fruit weight was with high colour-coverage, but with low flesh firmness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document