Combatting Chemical Weapon Disinformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adaku Jane Echendu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weapon

Chemical Weapon Proliferation in the Middle East; Time for a U.S. Regional Chemical Disarmament Strategy

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
II Horne ◽  
William B.
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Chemical Weapon

scholarly journals Franco-British responses to chemical warfare 1915–8, with special reference to the medical services, casualty statistics and the threat to civilians

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Hanene Zoghlami
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
British Chemical ◽  
Material Exchange

AbstractThis dual-focussed examination will critically compare and contrast the British Royal Army Medical Corps and the French Medical Service’s involvement in the Western Front chemical campaign between 1915 and 1918. Because the Anglophone historiography has tended to marginalise the French contribution to the allied chemical war, this article will attempt to re-balance the historical narrative by emphasising the collective nature and importance of this joint Franco-British enterprise. By interrogating a raft of under-utilised primary evidence in the French and British archives, this investigation will contribute to the ‘alliance literature’ by arguing that when it comes to aspects of the Franco-British chemical war such as the co-operation of the medical services, the appellation ‘together but alone’ does not fully hold. The article will explore avenues of the two national armies evolving process of mutual medical assistance, material exchange and scientific collaboration. The striking similarity of French and British gas casualty statistics is highlighted with reference to the overall congruence of their anti-gas strategies – notwithstanding the problematic nature of these statistics. In addition to enhancing soldiers’ resistance to the poison gas threat on the battlefield, the Medical Services were also responsible for the protection of local civilians in the war zones. With reference mainly to France, this investigation will discuss the significance and implications of the poison gas threat to the home front. Finally, the impact of chemical weapon production upon civilian war workers in France and Britain will be commented upon.

Studying how plants defend themselves: a chemical weapon produced by chilli fruit

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nantawan Nantawanit ◽  
Bhinyo Panijpan ◽  
Pintip Ruenwongsa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Chilli Fruit

scholarly journals (±)-Catechin: Chemical Weapon, Antioxidant, or Stress Regulator?

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 980-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Chobot ◽  
Christoph Huber ◽  
Guenter Trettenhahn ◽  
Franz Hadacek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weapon

Nanocellulose-Based Filters as Novel Barrier Systems for Chemical Warfare Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim ◽  
Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah ◽  
Siti Hasnawati Jamal ◽  
Wan MD Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
Victor Feizal Knight Victor Ernest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Filtration Material ◽  
Ft Ir

Current world events have made several countries as a target for terrorism. Chemical weapon such as nuclear weapon is commonly referred as a weapon of mass destruction. Organophosphorus (OP) compounds have long been used as pesticides and developed into warfare nerve agents such as tabun, soman, sarin, and VX. They are highly toxic and considered to be the most dangerous chemical weapons. Development on the protection material against OP compounds has gained interest among researcher. Nanocellulose has shown a great potential for high-performance filtration material due to its interesting characteristics such as high adsorption capacity, large surface area, high strength, renewable, chemical inertness, and versatile surface chemistry. Therefore, the evaluation of the chemical interaction between nanocellulose and organophosphorus is important. The analyses of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and elemental analysis were carried out in this study. It was found that the nanocellulose is capable to adsorb OP compound by forming the hydrogen bonding. The adsorption rate was increased as the nanocellulose concentration increased. This is the initial step to discover the potential of nanocellulose to be used in military protection mask.

scholarly journals Infrared absorption cross sections of several organo-phosphorous chemical-weapon simulants

2019 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Neupane ◽  
Robert Peale ◽  
Subith Vasu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Absorption Cross

Essential Lessons in a Potential Sarin Attack Disaster Plan for a Resource-Constrained Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew John Watermeyer ◽  
Nicole Dippenaar ◽  
Nelly Clotildea Tchouambou Simo ◽  
Sean Buchanan ◽  
Abdullah Ebrahim Laher
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
Relief Organizations ◽  
Fast Acting

AbstractSarin is a potent nerve agent chemical weapon that was originally designed for military purposes as a fast-acting anti-personnel weapon that would kill or disable large numbers of enemy troops. Its potent toxicity, ease of deployment, and rapid degradation allow for rapid deployment by an attacking force, who can safely enter the area of deployment a short while after its release. Sarin has been produced and stockpiled by a number of countries, and large quantities of it still exist despite collective agreements to cease manufacture and destroy stockpiles. Sarin’s ease of synthesis, which is easily disseminated across the Internet, increases the risk that terrorist organizations may use sarin to attack civilians. Sarin has been used in a number of terrorist attacks in Japan, and more recently in attacks in the Middle East, where nonmilitary organizations have led much of the disaster relief and provision of medical care. In the present article, we examine and discuss the available literature on sarin’s historical use, delivery methods, chemical properties, mechanism of action, decontamination process, and treatment. We present a management guideline to assist with the recognition of an attack and management of victims by medical professionals and disaster relief organizations, specifically in resource-constrained and austere environments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:249–256)

scholarly journals On site inspection for nuclear test ban verirication

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Marschall
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Chemical Weapon Convention ◽  
On Site Inspection ◽  
Test Ban ◽  
Nuclear Test Ban ◽  
Test Ban Treaty

The problem of verifying compliance with a nuclear test ban treaty is mainly a technical one. However the problem of detecting, locating and identifying nuclear explosions has, since the late 1950s, been intimately involved with the political problems associated with negotiating a treaty. In fact there are few other areas in which policy, diplomacy and science have been so interwoven. This paper attempts to illustrate how technology can. be applied to solve some of the political problems which arise when considering the role of an On Site Inspection (OSI) to determine whether or not a nuclear explosion, in violation of a treaty, has occurred or not. It is hoped that the reader, with a scientific background, but with little or no experience of treaty negotiations, will gain an. insight as to how technical matters can interact with political requirements. The demands made on scientists to provide technical support for negotiating and rnonitoring compliance of a treaty have increased significanfly over the last 40 years. This is a period in which a number of major treaties have contained a significant technical component e.g. the Limited Test Ban Treaty (Threshold Treaty) and the Chemical Weapon Convention. This paper gives an indication of some of the political decisions which will have to be made and suggests some of the technical methods which are of value in the identification of a clandestine nuclear explosion.

scholarly journals The Kremlin Chemical Cartwheels (From the History of Negotiations on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons)

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-193
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Cycle ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
Heads Of State

The article deals with the Russian use of toxic chemicals in the territory of Great Britain, which became an irrefutable fact of violation of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. An article refers to the history of agreeing on the Convention and its provisions that was carried out in several stages, particularly in the bilateral Soviet- American negotiations, that Ukrainian diplomats joined as well. The author analyzed the long-term and difficult drafting process of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; investigated the early years of its operation as a significant element of the international security system. He emphasizes that the first years the Convention was functioning clearly indicate that only the political will of the heads of state can choose the direct path of the strict fulfillment of the commitments they have undertaken. Furthermore, the author stresses that Ukraine has never had chemical weapons or related objects, but as an industrialized country it has chemical cycle production, using the dangerous and highly toxic chemicals. Ukraine has a vital interest in the functioning of such a stable international mechanism, that would make the use of these chemicals for the purposes of chemical warfare impossible and would comprehensively promote the peaceful development of the chemical industry. Therefore, in November 2018, during the Fourth Review Conference of Countries that are parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Ukrainian delegation condemned Russia’s aggressive actions on the uses of chemical weapons in Great Britain and on the cover those who used this weapon in Syria. The delegation also supported the Conference’s resolutions on the improvement of the mechanism of the identification of the perpetrators of chemical attacks. Keywords: chemical weapon, Committee on Disarmament, history of Ukrainian diplomacy.

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