A simple approach towards estimating solar irradiance

Solar radiation is or vital interest in characterizing an area with respect to its agricultural potential. However, these are not readily available for a large network. An attempt. has been made to deduce solar irradiance from climatic data, such as temperature range. Based on daily data of Pune for 1986-90, a relationship has been developed between atmospheric transmittance and the daily range of air temperature. The model developed has been tested on independent data and found to give fairly accurate estimation of solar irradiance. Nearly 70% of the variation in daily solar radiation could be explained by this simple method. The effect of solar irradiance on microclimate has also been discussed. The model developed has been tested for Hyderabad and Calcutta and found to give encouraging results.

Iodine-mediated electrocatalysis assist Annulation/cyclization via Intramolecular Benzylic C–H Amination: Batch vs Flow Electrochemistry

The access of heterocyclic compounds via direct amination of C-H bonds are of vital interest because of their role in pharmaceutical and natural products. The combination of molecular iodine and electricity activates benzylic C-H bond and facilitates the amination process via intramolecular C-N bond formation. Iodine works as a mediator for the formation of C-N bond via activation of a distance C-H bond through intermediate N-I bond under electrochemical conditions, so iodine can be called electrocatalyst. Under both batch & flow electrochemistry conditions, similar results were obtained in cyclization product with 77 & 78% yields respectively. However, in case of annulation reaction higher yield was obtained with 99% conversion under flow electrochemical conditions using our design of home-made flow microreactor. In both electrochemical transformations, cyclization as well as annulation reaction, no photocatalyst was used. Notably, flow reactions work under safe & environmentally friendly conditions, and continuous products are obtained.

Is the German Mittelstand more resistant to crises?

In a globalized world with high international factor mobility, crises often spread quickly over large parts of the world. Politicians carry a vital interest in keeping crises as small and short as possible. Against this background we study whether the type of company of owner-managed SMEs, in Germany well-known as Mittelstand firms, helps increasing an economy’s crisis resistance. We study this issue at the example of the Great Recession of the years 2008/2009. Using micro panel data from the ifo Business Survey, we study the comparative performance of Mittelstand enterprises and find supporting evidence for the hypothesis that Mittelstand firms performed more stable throughout the Great Recession than non-Mittelstand firms. We also show that owner-managed SMEs performed significantly better than SMEs and owner-managed large enterprises. Thus, it is rather the combination of firm size and owner-management that leads to more crisis resistance.

Management Skills and Growth Strategies in a Post-Pandemic World

This article discusses the ten research studies that constitute the Transnational Marketing Journal (TMJ) special issue, which has the stated intent on investigating the development of management skills and growth strategies in the post-pandemic world. The ten studies collectively offer insights in this regard that are applicable for pandemic and non-pandemic situations. This special issue runs the gamut of management actions and prepares companies for the future. The proposed integrative framework in this article categorises the ten studies based on their implications on countries, companies, and consumers. Further, this article identifies and delineates future research directions that emanate from the limitations posed by the ten studies and based on topics that are not covered in this issue. Overall, this article aims to serve as a guide to understand and appreciate this special issue on a topic of vital interest.

Trends in liposomal nanocarrier strategies for the oral delivery of biologics

The number of approved macromolecular drugs such as peptides, proteins and antibodies steadily increases. Since drugs with high molecular weight are commonly not suitable for oral delivery, research on carrier strategies enabling oral administration is of vital interest. In past decades, nanocarriers, in particular liposomes, have been exhaustively investigated as oral drug-delivery platform. Despite their successful application as parenteral delivery vehicles, liposomes have up to date not succeeded for oral administration. However, a plenitude of approaches aiming to increase the oral bioavailability of macromolecular drugs administered by liposomal formulations has been published. Here, we summarize the strategies published in the last 10 years (vaccine strategies excluded) with a main focus on strategies proven efficient in animal models.

COVID-19 and adult congenital heart disease services: impact on support and advice from nurse specialists

Although the focus on service provision in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has mainly been on acute and particularly intensive care, it is important to consider other services that are still needed. This is especially the case for vulnerable patients with long-term conditions, such as those under the care of an adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) service. The authors conducted a survey of ACHD nurse specialists in centres across the UK to acertain what they were planning in terms of the redeployment of nurse specialists. The results showed a range of plans with an average of half of nurses per centre being moved, but with 65% of the workforce planned to be redeployed to deal with the pandemic. The telephone advice service at the authors' own level 1 centre showed a significant increase in patients seeking advice when compared with the previous year, with large peaks following major Government announcements. Access to specialist advice for patients with complex conditions is of vital interest, for those in a wide range of specialities.

The pedagogy of experience complexity for smart learning: considerations for designing urban digital citizen learning activities

The Pedagogy of Experience Complexity for Smart Learning (PECSL) is a four-tier model of considerations for the design and development of learning activities situated in real world hyperlocal locations, mediated by smart enough technologies. Learner experience is placed at the centre of learning design, focusing on the complex interrelated experiences that may be possible. A wider awareness of types of learning may enhance potential for gaining value for learners and offer more flexibility for instructors or others. Learning is considered as any potential object of vital interest for the learner, and may include making connections with others, dialogic space expansion between learners and wider relevance of topic or location as much as any intended learning outcome.Taking inspiration from digital artefact user centred design, the PECSL adopts a position of flexible layers of considerations that impact stages of design for complex smart learning activities. Each tier being interrelated to the others, these iteratively adapting as a result of decisions being made throughout the design and development process. Categories of learner experience variation derived from a phenomenographic study of smart learning journeys inform the foundation of the PECSL, providing concepts of experience relevance structures leading to related pedagogies, further pedagogical relevance considerations and deeper epistemological reflections. Acknowledging significance of the context, process and content of learning in these activities, considerations expand to enable pragmatic support for much of value towards effective learning. This paper seeks to provide a means for learners to learn from each other as much as any specified learning goals or assessment.

ON THE INFLUENCE OF HAPPINESS ON HUMAN HEALTH

The article considers the concept and phenomen on of happiness from the perspective of different authors. The subjective perception and interpretation of the term happiness and the vital interest in this phenomen on by such sciences as philosophy, ethics, psychology, history, medicine. The concept of happiness in a narrow (fate, talent, luck, success, joy) and broad (psycho-emotional state of complete satisfaction with life, a sense of complete joy) senses has been covered. The ratings of the countries on the level of happiness among population (WorldHappinessReport) and the «happiness index» studied by the international foundation NEF (NewEconomicsFoundation) have been analyzed, along with the position of Ukraine. The finding soft helongest-running study from Harvard University, which aimed to find out what makes people happy from adolescence to old age, have been presented. It has been found that good relationships with people make us happier and healthier. Good social connections are good for us, but loneliness shortens life. It was proved that the happiest of the participants in the experiment, even feeling physicalpain, stayed positive. In stead, un happy people feltthat the physical pain became even stronger dueto a bad emotional state. The importance of a spouse supporting, and its positive impact on such a process as memory was emphasized. Instead, it was noted that their memory did not deteriorate as rapidly as in single people. Key words: health, life satisfaction, feelings of happiness, level of happiness.

ON USING STRUCTURED BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE WATER IN AGRICULTURE

The article touches upon the problems of water structure, its unique biological and physical properties that continue to raise a vital interest among the scientists. The of structured water has no admixtures, it has much in common with biological liquids within the cells of animals and plants. Molecules of structured water are not randomly scattered, but stick together to make a single structure. Following the assessment of the effective use of structured biologically active water, first applied in the course of studying the aquarium fish, a positive effect of structured water on growth rates was noted in trout and carp, as well as in sturgeon (sterlet). Negatively charged structured water takes its biostimulating effect on fish, which can be seen in better surviving, caviar fertilizing, faster growth of young fish, reduced load of pathogenic micro flora on organism of aquatic life. It has been stated that structured water has a positive effect in other areas of agriculture. In poultry farming the effectiveness of structured water can be seen in improved organogenesis and functioning of all organ systems in ducks and chickens, increased productivity and improved quality of grown products, reduced morbidity and, consequently, mortality of poultry using structured water. Application of activated/structured water when raising birds and animals allows minimizing antibiotics, growth stimulants, vitamins and minerals. Treatment of grain and vegetable seeds with structured water before sowing can significantly increase germination, increase productivity and improve products quality.

Australian Foreign Politics on Indonesia: A Case Study of West Irian 1949-1962

This paper examines Australian foreign policy among Indonesian, especially on the West Irian case in 1949-1962. The bilateral relationship between Indonesia-Australia from 1949-1962 always goes through up and down “Roller Coaster.” The relationship between both countries is not structured. No mechanism is arranged, so it depends on the political development and the situations, especially defense and political problems. Indonesia claimed that West Irian is supposed to be a menace for Australian security. Australia put West Irian as a Vital Interest concept. In the cabinet session on January 11, 1962, Australia do “Volte Face” and confess that the vital interest concept is not invalid anymore because there is no menace evidence for Australia or region Australia interest.