scholarly journals Increasing Iron, Zinc, Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium Concentration and Their Bioavailability in Spring Wheat Mutant Lines for Improving Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Gulina Doktyrbay ◽  
Alfia Abekova ◽  
Saule Atabayeva ◽  
Gulzira Ernazarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Wheat Mutant

Metal, primarily Fe and Zn, deficiencies affect over half of the world's population. Human diets with prevalent cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Spring wheat genetically stable (M7) mutant lines developed with 100 and 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation and search for new resources were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). The variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 472.9–1088 mg/kg for Mg, 3128.6–5487.5 mg/kg for K, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parent. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had two to three times higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1 times), and 6.5–7% higher GPC compare to the parent. Variation was detected for the Ca:Phy, Mg :Phy, Phy:K, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn molar ratios, (1.27–10.41, 5.05–18.68, 1.66–4.87, 1.40–5.32 and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results showed how the genetic variation could be generated through radiation and be useful to develop biofortification by micronutrient varieties with their appropriate bioavailability to overcome malnutrition.

scholarly journals Mutant Lines of Spring Wheat with Increased Iron, Zinc, and Micronutrients in Grains and Enhanced Bioavailability for Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Alfia Abekova ◽  
Saule Atabayeva ◽  
Gulzira Yernazarova ◽  
Nargul Omirbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Stable Mutant ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Mutant Lines

Deficiency of metals, primarily Fe and Zn, affects over half of the world’s population. Human diets dominated by cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition, which is common in many developing countries where populations depend heavily on staple grain crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Genetically stable mutant spring wheat lines (M7 generation) produced via 100 or 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation for grain nutrients were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). Variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parental cultivar Zhenis. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had more than two-fold higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1-fold), and 6.5–7% higher grain protein content compared to the parent. Variation was detected for the molar ratios of Ca:Phy, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn (1.27–10.41, 1.40–5.32, and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results of this study show how genetic variation generated through radiation can be useful to achieve nutrient biofortification of crops to overcome human malnutrition.

Variation in grain proteins content and nutritionally important protein fractions concentration in spring wheat mutant lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kenzhebayeva ◽  
◽  
A. Abekova ◽  
A. Alnurova ◽  
S.A. Shoinbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Important Protein ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Wheat Mutant

scholarly journals Effect of drought on the elements of productivity and grain protein content of new mutant lines of spring wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
S.S. Kenzhebayeva ◽  
◽  
D.N. Zharassova ◽  
A.S. Zhomart ◽  
B. Dauіr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Mutant Lines

Improved iron and zinc bioavailability in spring wheat mutant lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. S53
Author(s):  
Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Alfya Abekova ◽  
Guoping Zhan ◽  
Dinara Zharassova ◽  
Fei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Wheat Mutant

Planning Micronutrient-Dense Menus in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes: Strategies and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Duizer ◽  
Heather H. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Food Consumed

Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition is high in individuals living in long-term care (LTC) homes with many individuals consuming low levels of vitamins B6, D, and E; folate; calcium; magnesium; and zinc. The focus of this research was to identify strategies and challenges encountered during development of micronutrient-dense menus for use in Ontario LTC homes and to examine costs associated with development of a menu with acceptable micronutrients. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 13 menu planners (7 dietitians, 6 nutrition managers) in diverse LTC homes in Ontario. Data were thematically analyzed. A 7-day hypothetical menu meeting all nutrient requirements was developed and costed. Analysis of the interview data showed that menus are planned according to the Canada’s Food Guide (2007) and focus placed on Dietary Reference Intakes of protein, fibre, calcium, and sodium. Little focus is placed on micronutrients. Flexibility in foods offered was important to accommodate the small volume of food consumed. Resident preferences were balanced against nutritional requirements. Challenges included planning for diverse populations, managing portion sizes, and balancing the budget. A hypothetical menu planned to contain adequate levels of all micronutrients is 49% higher in food costs than the amount currently provided to Ontario LTC homes.

scholarly journals Avoiding lodging in irrigated spring wheat. II. Genetic variation of stem and root structural properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Piñera-Chavez ◽  
P.M. Berry ◽  
M.J. Foulkes ◽  
G. Molero ◽  
M.P. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Spring Wheat

scholarly journals Comparison of Flavonoid Profiles in Sprouts of Radiation Breeding Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Ah-Reum Han ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Bomi Nam ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Hyeon Hwa Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Wheat Sprout ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Wheat Mutant

Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae), one of the most popular food crops worldwide, contains basic and essential nutrients and various health benefiting phytochemicals. Among them, flavonoids have attracted significant interest owing to their various health-promoting properties. In this study, 35 wheat mutant lines were developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding from the original cultivar. The effects of radiation breeding on the endogenous phytochemical production in the sprouts of these mutant lines were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS) with multivariate analysis for the first time in this study. Fourteen characteristic peaks, including eleven flavone C-glycosides, two flavone O-glycosides, and one flavone, were identified. In addition, the contents of three flavone C-glycosides, namely, isoschaftoside, isoorientin, and isoscoparin, in 37 wheat sprout samples from the original cultivar, certificated cultivar, and the mutant lines were determined. A heat map combined with hierarchical clustering showed variation in the relative content for the flavonoids between the 37 wheat sprout samples, clustering into three groups. On principal component analysis scores scatter and loading plots, significant differences in the levels of flavonoids were found between the samples and several markers responsible for group separation were detected. These results provide a scientific reference for the phytochemical variation in wheat mutant lines, thereby aiding in further mutation mechanism studies and for the quality control of the improved wheat cultivars.

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