scholarly journals Effects of Double Reduction and Annealing on the Texture during Continuous Rolling of Ultrathin Sheets of Low Carbon Steels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Castruita-Avila ◽  
Francisco A. García-Pastor ◽  
Manuel de J. Castro-Roman ◽  
Jesus Emilio Camporredondo-Saucedo ◽  
Fabián Equihua-Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
Process Stage ◽  
Texture Intensity ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Ebsd Technique

In this paper were analyzed the effects of double reduction and annealing during rolling process on texture evolution in an ultrathin sheet of low carbon steel. Experimental samples were obtained from each process stage. EBSD technique and correlated tools as orientation density functions and pole figures were used to analyze the microstructural changes and the texture. Results show that {111} recrystallized grains were formed during process, reducing dramatically gamma-fibre texture intensity and generating an adequate finished product for deep die stamping.

Oriented Nucleation and Selective Growth during Secondary Recrystallization in Ultra Low Carbon Steels

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
Leo Kestens
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Secondary Recrystallization ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Primary Recrystallization ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Abnormal Grain Growth ◽  
Selective Growth ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel

After primary recrystallization, on further annealing, abnormal grain growth occurred in ultra low carbon steel. Texture evolution was studied by comparing the orientations after complete secondary recrystallization, with on one hand the nuclei for abnormal grain growth and on the other hand the selective growth products of the primary recrystallized matrix. The influence of both mechanisms could be identified in the final texture.

Surface Microstructure and Texture Evolution during Interrupted Annealing in Ultra Low Carbon Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 89-91 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
J. Gautam ◽  
Roumen H. Petrov ◽  
Leo Kestens ◽  
Elke Leunis
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metal Vapour ◽  
Low Carbon Steels

The austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation, which is an inherent feature of low-alloyed ultra low carbon steels, has scarcely been investigated to control surface texture and microstructure evolution. This paper investigates the systematic evolution of texture and microstructure at the metal-vapour interface during interrupted annealing in vacuum. Interrupted annealing experiments were carried out on three ultra low carbon steel sheets alloyed with Mn, Al and Si. The texture and microstructures have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EBSD techniques. These results reveal a very clear variation in the surface texture components as well as in the surface microstructure after BCC recrystallisation and double  transformation interrupted annealing. The recrystallisation texture consists mainly of a <111>//ND fibre, while the transformation texture at the surface exhibits a <100>// ND fibre in combination with components of the <110> //ND fibre. It has been revealed that the latter specific surface texture was present in a monolayer of outer surface grains which were in direct contact with the vapour atmosphere. This observed phenomenon could be explained by considering the role of surface energy anisotropy occurring during phase transformation annealing.

Nucleation and Growth of Surface Texture during α-γ-α Transformation in Ultra Low Carbon Steel Alloyed with Mn, Al and Si

2010 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Gautam ◽  
Roumen H. Petrov ◽  
Elke Leunis ◽  
Leo Kestens
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metal Vapour ◽  
Orientation Gradient ◽  
Orientation Contrast

. It is well known that surface energy anisotropy is one of the driving forces for the orientation selection at the metal-vapour interface. This affects the microstructure and texture evolution at the surface during phase transformation, which is an inherent feature of low-alloyed low-carbon steels. This paper investigates the nucleation and growth of the surface texture by orientation contrast microscopy. It has been found that the surface texture is dominated by {001} oriented grains, which exhibit a remarkable orientation gradient from the centre of the grain towards the edge. The {001} oriented grain centre gradually rotates around a <110> axis in small incre¬mental steps when nearing the edge of the grain. Towards the edge the accumulated rotation angle has commonly reached a value of 30°. Underneath the surface grains (~30 µm) the bulk texture consists of a strong -fibre.

Simulation Experimental Study on Ferrite Rolling Process of Low-Carbon Steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Peng Tian ◽  
Yong Lin Kang ◽  
Jing Tao Zhu ◽  
Zhe Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ferrite Rolling ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Strip Production

In this paper, the Steel Plate Heat Commercial (SPHC) that produced by RiZhao Steel’s Endless Strip Production (ESP) line was taken as the research object. The phase transition points under different cooling rates were measured by DIL805A thermal expansion instrument and then the static Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) curve was plotted. The rolling process of ferritic zone was simulated by Gleeble-3800 hot compression tester. The microstructure evolution of SPHC under different temperatures and different strain rates were analyzed, and the hot compression deformation behavior was studied. The experimental result has shown that when the cooling rate of low carbon steel is lower than 15 °C·s-1, the microstructure is mainly composed of ferrite and a small amount of pearlite and tertiary cementite. The experimental material showed a mixed crystal phenomenon when the deformation reached 50% at 780 °C. The fitting calculation has shown that the deformation activation energy of the ferrite zone rolling is 112 kJ·mol-1, and the relationship between the deformation energy storage and the temperature compensation strain rate factor was established. Subsequently, the above experimental results were verified in the RiZhao Steel’s ESP line, which laid the experimental foundation for the use of ferrite rolling technology for endless strip production.

Phases transformation textures in steels

2004 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
C. Cabus ◽  
H. Regle ◽  
B. Bacroix
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Transformation Mechanisms ◽  
Ebsd Technique

Low-carbon steels used for deep-drawability applications have properties which depend greatly on their crystallographic texture. It is therefore important to control the texture evolution during the thermomechanical processing. Until recently, little attention has been paid on the understanding of the textures formation after hot-rolling, which are produced by phase transformation, although it is recognised that they have an effect on the development of the texture in the further process (cold rolling and annealing). Indeed, one of the main difficulties consists in the measurement of texture above ambient temperature, in the austenite range. In the present work, EBSD technique is employed on a low-C steel and a method is proposed to determine local austenite orientation thanks to martensitic one, even if there is no residual austenite in the steel. The orientation relationships between the austenite phase and each of its product phases, here martensite and polygonal ferrite, are analysed and compared. Common Kurdjumov Sachs variants are detected for both phases. Variations in the intensities of these variants are also detected and could be due to the different phase transformation mechanisms, diffusion or shear.

TEM Observation on Nano-Precipitation of Plain Low Carbon Steel by CSP

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
L.N. Zhang ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
D.L. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cast Slab ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Strength Enhancement ◽  
Deformation By Rolling ◽  
Strip Production

Plain low carbon steel produced by compact strip production (CSP) process was analyzed using TEM, EELS and XEDS. Nano-sized oxides and sulfides were observed in the steel. The nano-oxides are mainly ferrospinel of <20nm in size, and the nano-sulfides are MnS and FeS particles with size of 20-100 nm. They distributed both in grains and at grain boundaries. These nano precipitates could form in cast slab before heavy deformation by rolling process. It is proposed that besides the grain refinement, the nano-pricipitation plays an important role in yield strength enhancement. This mechanism may provide a new approach to strengthen plain low carbon steels.

Research on Characteristics of Deposition Precipitation Process in Production of Low Carbon Aluminum-Killed Steel in FTSR Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Yun Li Feng ◽  
Meng Song ◽  
Jing Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Precipitate Size ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Thin Slab Casting ◽  
Second Phase Particles

Precipitation characteristics of second phase in low-carbon steel produced by FTSR technology have been researched by TEM and EDS in this article. And preliminary research of precipitation conditions of second phase particles in thermodynamics and dynamics have been took. The results indicate that: there’re second phase particles precipitated dispersively in hot rolled low-carbon steels by FTSR technology. These particles mainly contain particles of Al2O3, MnS and AlN, and the precipitate size is about tens to hundreds of nano. Thermodynamical analysis declares that most of the Al2O3 and all of the MnS, AlN particles are precipitated in solid state. That’s why the precipitation process is slowed down by the diffusion velocity of the elements in solid, and thinner particles are precipitated while the material is in solid state than in liquid state. Different from the traditional plate rolling production of Al-killed steel, the precipitation of AlN particles are mainly controlled by the continuous casting process in thin slab casting and rolling process, but almost no precipitation of AlN particles in the rolling process.

scholarly journals On the Influence of Cross-Rolling on Shear Band Formation and Texture Evolution in Low Carbon Steel Sheets

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Huh ◽  
O. Engler ◽  
D. Raabe
Keyword(s):  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Band Formation ◽  
Cross Rolling ◽  
Rolled Specimen ◽  
The Cross

In order to understand the influence of the crystallographic texture and the dislocation structure on the deformation mechanism in low carbon steels, the development of the texture and the microstructure in cross-rolled specimens was investigated by employing X-ray texture measurements and TEM observations. The cross-rolled specimens were obtained by rotating the rolling direction by various angles up to 90° after 30% initial straight-rolling of the hot rolled band. Whereas only few shear bands were found in the straight-rolled specimen even after heavy deformation, in the cross-rolled specimen shear bands were often found at reductions in excess of 60%. This observation is discussed in terms of the rotation of the arrangement of dislocations and microbands during cross-rolling. The rolling textures observed in the various samples were interpreted by means of Taylor type deformation models.

scholarly journals Texture Evolution During the Drawing of Low Carbon Steel

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schuman ◽  
C. Esling ◽  
M. J. Philippe ◽  
M. Hergesheimer ◽  
M. Jallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Texture Gradient ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fibre Texture ◽  
Drawing Direction

This study deals with the texture evolution during drawing of interstitial-free low carbon steels under different conditions to study the possible influence of the drawing direction, deformation rate and metal/die friction coefficient. The drawing has been carried out without intermediary annealing, with constant die angle and deformation rate per pass. In all cases, a 〈110〉 fibre texture has been observed at the early stage of deformation (a few percents). The drawing direction, whether alternate or unidirectional, has little effect on texture. Slight differences only in the intensity of peaks on pole figures (PFs) are noted. Alternate drawing leads to higher drawing limits. The grain size affects both the texture and the mechanical properties, which are improved by fine grains. For industrial drawing, i.e. at a high deformation rate, no texture gradient has been clearly observed. Nevertheless, slight differences have been noted in the PF intensities, with generally a slightly sharper texture in the core, compared to the surface. The microhardness tests show no hardness gradient. In slow drawing (low deformation rate), there is a weak texture gradient which disappears at larger deformation. In order to visualize the influence of the metal/die friction, we used a material covered with copper. Results show that at a given reduction rate, the material covered with copper shows peak intensities on the (110) PF which are half these of a material drawn under conventional conditions. The drawing textures of BCC materials always present a 〈110〉 fibre texture. A modeling of the texture evolution during drawing has also been carried out using the Taylor model.

Effect of Soaking Time on Paste Carburizing of Carburized Low Carbon Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Samsiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

Increase of soaking time contributed to the effectiveness of case depth formation, hardness properties and carbon content of carburized steel. This paper investigates the effect of different soaking time (7-9 hours) using powder and paste compound to the carburized steel. Low carbon steels were carburized using powder and paste compound for 7, 8 and 9 hours at temperature 1000°C. The transformation of microstructure and formation carbon rich layer was observed under microscope. The microhardness profiles were analyzed to investigate the length of case depth produced after the carburizing process. The increment of carbon content was considered to find the correlation between types of carburizing compound with time. Results shows that the longer carburized steel was soaked, the higher potential in formation of carbon rich layer, case depth and carbon content, which led to better hardness properties for carburized low carbon steel. Longer soaking time, 9 hours has a higher dispersion of carbon up to 41%-51% compare to 8 hours and 7 hours. By using paste carburizing, it has more potential of carbon atom to merge the microstructure to transform into cementite (1.53 wt% C) compare to powder (0.97 wt% C), which increases the hardness of carburized steel (13% higher).

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