scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Child Restraint Systems Safety Parameters in Relation to the New Regulation No. 129 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN / ECE)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Muszyński ◽  
Jakub Łuszczek ◽  
Rafał Szymaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Booster Seats ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Vehicle Seat ◽  
Un Ece

The study presents a comparison of the common Child Restraint Systems (CRS) which reduces the value of dynamic loads affecting the child's body during car accidents. The analyzed systems were: child seats, Combi Booster Seats, and straps adjusting vehicle seat belts to children's sizes. The effectiveness of the analyzed devices was assessed on the basis of experimental tests carried out in the accredited laboratory approving the Child Restraint Systems. The tests were carried out accordingly to the new Regulation No. 129 UN / ECE. Whether the tested devices meet the guidelines of the new Regulations No. 129 despite approval in accordance with Regulation No. 44. Based on the research result, better safety parameters of some new solutions dedicated to children’s safety could be observed. The final results show that there is still space for improving the safety of young vehicle passengers.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Child Restraint Systems Safety Parameters in Relation to the New Regulation No. 129 Of the Economic Commission for Europe Of the United Nations (UN / ECE)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Muszyński ◽  
Jakub Łuszczek ◽  
Rafał Szymaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Booster Seats ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Vehicle Seat ◽  
Un Ece

The study presents a comparison of the common Child Restraint Systems (CRS) which reduces the value of dynamic loads affecting the child's body during car accidents. The analyzed systems were: child seats, Combi Booster Seats, and straps adjusting vehicle seat belts to children's sizes. The effectiveness of the analyzed devices was assessed on the basis of experimental tests carried out in the accredited laboratory approving the Child Restraint Systems. The tests were carried out accordingly to the new Regulation No. 129 UN / ECE. Whether the tested devices meet the guidelines of the new Regulations No. 129 despite approval in accordance with Regulation No. 44. Based on the research result, better safety parameters of some new solutions dedicated to children's safety could be observed. The final results show that there is still space for improving the safety of young vehicle passengers.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Child Restraint Systems Safety Parameters in Relation to the New Regulation No. 129 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE)

Vehicles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Artur Muszyński ◽  
Jakub Łuszczek ◽  
Rafał Szymaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Booster Seats ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Un Ece

This study presents a comparison of the common Child Restraint Systems (CRS) which reduces the value of dynamic loads affecting the child’s body during car accidents. The analyzed systems were: child seats, booster seats, and straps—adjustable vehicle seat belts adapted to children’s stature. The effectiveness of the analyzed devices was assessed on the basis of experimental tests carried out in the accredited laboratory approving the Child Restraint Systems. The tests were carried out in accordance with the new Regulation No. 129 UN/ECE. The authors examined whether the tested devices meet the guidelines of the new Regulations No. 129 despite approval in accordance with Regulation No. 44. Based on the research results, better safety parameters of some new solutions dedicated to children’s safety could be observed. Almost all the selected CRS met requirements stated in Regulation No. 129. The only exception was for abdominal pressure in one of the tested devices. Head Resultant Acceleration in tested devices was 14.7–39.0% less than the limit determined in Regulation No. 129 whereas Chest Resultant Acceleration was 17.4–37.6% less. Abdominal pressure was 46.4–81.4% beneath the limit (apart from one case which did not meet the requirements). The HPC parameter (Head Performance Criterion) was 45.4–74.5% less. The final results show that there are still some possibilities for improving the safety of young vehicle passengers.

Investigation of Child Restraint System (CRS) Compatibility in the Vehicle Seat Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (sup2) ◽  
pp. S1-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Bing ◽  
John H. Bolte iv ◽  
Amanda M. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Restraint System ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Child Restraint System ◽  
Vehicle Seat

scholarly journals Situational Use of Child Restraint Systems and Carpooling Behaviors in Parents and Caregivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine McDonald ◽  
Erin Kennedy ◽  
Linda Fleisher ◽  
Mark Zonfrillo
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Booster Seat ◽  
Booster Seats ◽  
Child Restraint

Suboptimal compliance with child restraint system (CRS) recommendations can increase risk for injury or death in a motor vehicle crash. The purpose of this study was to examine scenarios associated with incomplete CRS use and non-use in children ages 4–10 years. We used a cross-sectional online survey with a convenience sample of parent/caregivers from the United States, age ≥18 years, with a child age 4–10 years in their home, who could read and spoke English, and drove child ≥6 times in previous three months. We used descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U to describe and compare the distribution of responses to situational use of CRSs among car seat users and booster seat users. We also used descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U to describe and compare the distribution of responses to carpooling items among booster seat users and non-booster seat users. There were significant differences among those who reported most often using booster seats (n = 282) and car seats (n = 127) in situations involving rental cars, driving just around the corner, car too crowded to fit the CRS, not enough CRSs in the vehicle, the CRS is missing from the car, or the child is in someone else’s car without a CRS (p < 0.05). Among those who reported most often using booster seats and who carpooled other children (n = 159), 71.7% (n = 114) always used a booster seat for their own child. When carpooling other children, booster seat users were significantly more likely to use booster seats for other children ages 4–10 than the non-booster seat users (p < 0.01). Continued education and programs surrounding CRS use is critical, particularly for children who should be in booster seats.

Objective Ride Comfort Measurement

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampiero Mastinu ◽  
Massimiliano Gobbi ◽  
Mario Pennati
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Ride Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Vibrating Table ◽  
Vehicle Seat

The paper presents an innovative dummy conceived to provide an effective tool for an objective vehicle ride comfort evaluation. The first part of the research includes experimental tests on instrumented seats for evaluating the vertical (cushion) and longitudinal (backrest) acceleration between the vehicle seat and the seated human subject. Experiments have been performed by using a vibrating table fitted with a vehicle seat and by seating directly the subjects on vehicles (cars and light trucks) while running on a test track. The test track includes uneven road and different obstacles. Human subjects have been chosen in order to obtain a high variability in the anthropometric features (height, weight, gender, age). Several test have been also performed with the same subject submitted to the same excitation in order to investigate the inter-subject variability and the intra-subject variability. During the study different seats have been compared. From the acquired data, a mathematical model of the system, human subject + seat has been derived and numerically validated by minimizing the error between the measured and the computed accelerations. The corresponding mechanical device has been built, the MaRiCO dummy. The device is fully adjustable in order to simulate the vibrational behaviour of different human subjects. Particular attention has been devoted to the construction of the springs and of the magnetic damper to reduce as much as possible the friction between the moving components. The dummy rests on the seat by means of special elements that, thanks to their compliance and conformation, act as the tight and the back of human beings. An experimental validation of the dummy has been performed. The device, opportunely tuned and seated with the same posture of the corresponding human subject is able to reproduce the acceleration between the subject and both the cushion and the backrest.

scholarly journals Programmable Stopping Device Design for Sled Test

2013 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Himmatrao Nalawade ◽  
L.B. Raut
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Body Shell ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Testing Standards

Full vehicle crash testing is used to reproduce the dynamic conditions of real world car accidents. The complex and destructive nature of these crash tests make them very expensive. For these situations, sled testing becomes preferred evaluation for occupant injury. Sled test is simulated crash test facility used to test components like seats, seat belts, child restraint systems, seat anchorages on body shell etc. the crash condition is simulated and the components are subjected to these conditions. The crash condition includes the velocity of crash and the deceleration level at the time of crash. There are number of international standards such as ECE regulations (Europe), FMVSS (USA) and ARAI testing standards (India) etc, which specify the conditions and limits for various parameter for above mentioned tests.

scholarly journals Efficient reading of thermoluminescent dosimeter signals using semiconductor detectors

Nukleonika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Piotr Sobotka ◽  
Bartłomiej Kliś ◽  
Zuzanna Baranowska ◽  
Katarzyna Wołoszczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Rutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Detector ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThe aim of this experimental work was to examine whether semiconductor photodetectors may be applied for the efficient reading of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) signals. For this purpose, a series of experiments have been performed at the Department of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, in cooperation with the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR). Specifically, the measurement system proposed here has been designed to detect a signal from TLDs that use a semiconductor detector operating in conditions analogous to those met when using commercial devices equipped with a classic photomultiplier. For the experimental tests, the TLDs were irradiated with a beam of 137Cs radiation in the accredited Laboratory for Calibration of Dosimetric and Radon Instruments. Eventually, a comparison of the results obtained with a semiconductor detector (ID120) and a commercial TLD reader with a photomultiplier tube (RADOS) were made.

A Dummy for Reproducing the Human Whole Body Vibration

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampiero Mastinu ◽  
Massimiliano Gobbi ◽  
Mario Pennati
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Ride Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Vehicle Seat

The paper presents an innovative dummy conceived to provide an effective tool for an objective vehicle ride comfort evaluation. The first part of the research includes experimental tests on instrumented seats for evaluating the vertical (cushion) and longitudinal (backrest) acceleration between the vehicle seat and the seated human subject. Experiments have been performed by using a vibrating table fitted with a vehicle seat and by seating directly the subjects on vehicles (cars and light trucks) while running on a test track. The test track includes uneven road and different obstacles. Human subjects have been chosen in order to obtain a high variability in the anthropometric features (height, weight, gender, age). Several test have been also performed with the same subject submitted to the same excitation in order to investigate the inter-subject variability and the intra-subject variability. During the study different seats have been compared. From the acquired data, a mathematical model of the system, human subject + seat has been derived and numerically validated by minimizing the error between the measured and the computed accelerations. The corresponding mechanical device has been built, the MaRiCO dummy. The device is fully adjustable in order to simulate the vibrational behaviour of different human subjects. Particular attention has been devoted to the construction of the springs and of the magnetic damper to reduce as much as possible the friction between the moving components. The dummy rests on the seat by means of special elements that, thanks to their compliance and conformation, act as the tight and the back of human beings. An experimental validation of the dummy has been performed. The device, opportunely tuned and seated with the same posture of the corresponding human subject is able to reproduce the acceleration between the subject and both the cushion and the backrest.

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