scholarly journals Baseline of Carbon Stocks in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. Plantations of Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Federico Olmedo ◽  
Mario Guevara ◽  
Horacio Gilabert ◽  
Cristian R. Montes ◽  
Eduardo C. Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Industrial Forest ◽  
C Stock

Forest plantations have a large potential for carbon sequestration, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, despite the huge amount of research carried out worldwide, the absolute contribution of industrial forest plantations is still incomplete for some parts of the world. To contribute to bridge this gap, we calculated the amount of C stock in three fast growing forest species in Chile. Relevant C pools (above-ground and below-ground biomass, forest floor, and soil) were considered for this analysis. Across the industrial plantation forests of Chile, carbon accumulated in the above-ground biomass was 181–212 Mg · ha−1 for Pinus radiata, 147–180 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus nitens, and 95–117 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus globulus (age 20–24 years for P.radiata and 10–14 years for Eucalyptus). Our results agree with other studies showing that 30%–50% of the total C stock is stored in the soil. Total C stocks were for 343 Mg · ha−1 for P.radiata, 352 Mg · ha−1 for E.nitens, and 254 Mg · ha−1 for E. gloubulus, also at the end of a typical rotation. The carbon pool in the forest floor was found to be significantly lower (less than 4% of the total) when compared to the other pools and showed large spatial variability. We conclude that industrial forest plantations are a valuable tool to reduce atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change. Given the contribution of soils to total carbon stocks, special attention should be paid to forest management activities that affect the soil organic carbon pool.

scholarly journals Baseline of Carbon Stocks in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. Plantations of Chile

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Guillermo F. Olmedo ◽  
Mario Guevara ◽  
Horacio Gilabert ◽  
Cristián R. Montes ◽  
Eduardo C. Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock

Forest plantations have a large potential for carbon sequestration, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, despite the large amount of research carried out worldwide, the absolute contribution of forest plantations is still incomplete for some parts of the world. To help bridge this gap, we calculated the amount of C stock in three fast growing forest species in Chile. Carbon pools in above-ground and below-ground biomass, forest floor, and soil were considered for this analysis. Across the plantation forests of Chile, carbon accumulated in the above-ground biomass was 181–212 Mg · ha−1 for Pinus radiata, 147–180 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus nitens, and 95–117 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus globulus (age 20–24 years for P. radiata and 10–14 years for Eucalyptus). Total C stocks were for 343 Mg · ha−1 for P. radiata, 352 Mg · ha−1 for E. nitens, and 254 Mg · ha−1 for E. globulus, also at the end of a typical rotation. The carbon pool in the forest floor was found to be significantly lower (less than 4% of the total) when compared to the other pools and showed large spatial variability. Our results agree with other studies showing that 30–50% of the total C stock is stored in the soil. The baseline data will be valuable for modelling C storage changes under different management regimes (changes in species, rotation length and stocking) and for different future climates. Given the contribution of soils to total carbon stocks, special attention should be paid to forest management activities that affect the soil organic carbon pool.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Tajkera Akhter Peuly ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Lars Holger Schmidt ◽  
Shyamal Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractA total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37–48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha−1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22–28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha−1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.

Dynamics of Carbon Stocks in the Formation of Forests on Post-Agrogenic Lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
◽  
Yuliya N. Shumilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Taiga Subzone

Carbon stocks were calculated in different components of bigeocenosis (soil, living ground cover, forest floor, undergrowth, underbrush and forest stand) using the example of a selected chronosequence of fallows (4 sample areas of different age, yrs: 16, 25, 63 and 130) in the Kargopol district of the Arkhangelsk region (middle taiga subzone, residual carbonate soils). The structure of carbon stocks of the forming plantations and its changes with the fallow age is estimated. It was found that a natural increase in carbon stocks and its redistribution between the soil and the forming phytocenosis occurs in the process of succession during the afforestation of arable lands. In plantations growing on young fallows, more than 86 % of the carbon stock is represented by carbon from the arable soil horizon. During the colonization of the fallow by forest vegetation the share of this pool decreases and already in the middle-aged 63-year-old forest it is 22 %, and in the mature 130-year-old forest it is only 7.6 %. In the structure of the total carbon stock in the middleaged plantation, the share of the stand reaches 69 %, and in the mature 130-year-old stand it is already 90 %. In plantations on young fallows, the structure of the main components of biogeocenosis (soil carbon, ground cover carbon and tree layer carbon) is characterized by a ratio of 9:1:0, whereas in plantations on old fallows of 63 and 130 years it is 2:0:8 and 1:0:9, respectively. The undergrowth and underbrush of the studied chronosequence are characterized by the small shares of carbon, which do not have a significant value in the structure of the ecosystem carbon pool. Forest floor in forming forest stands contributes significantly to the carbon structure of the biogeocenosis, although the total biogeocenosis carbon pool is 3–4 % and does not contribute to an increase in soil carbon stocks. In the system “soil – forest floor – living ground cover” the share of soil carbon decreases from 91 to 76–77 % with the increase in the age of plantation, while the share of formed forest floor in the middle-aged and mature forest is 16 and 20 %, respectively. In plantations on young fallows the ratio of these components of biogeocenosis is 9:0:1, whereas on old fallows it is 8:2:0. Leaving arable land on residual carbonate soils for self-overgrowth with forest vegetation and formation of forest plantations on them in the middle taiga subzone will lead to a gradual decrease in the carbon pool in the soil, but will contribute to the sequencing of carbon in the phytomass of perennial woody vegetation and in forest floor. These two components of biogeocenosis will serve as a sequenced carbon depot, supporting the biological cycle.

scholarly journals Historical and future carbon stocks in forests of northern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Ter-Mikaelian ◽  
Alemu Gonsamo ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Gang Mo ◽  
Jiaxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Forest C ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract Background Forests in the Far North of Ontario (FNO), Canada, are likely the least studied in North America, and quantifying their current and future carbon (C) stocks is the first step in assessing their potential role in climate change mitigation. Although the FNO forests are unmanaged, the latter task is made more important by growing interest in developing the region’s natural resources, primarily for timber harvesting. In this study, we used a combination of field and remotely sensed observations with a land surface model to estimate forest C stocks in the FNO forests and to project their future dynamics. The specific objective was to simulate historical C stocks for 1901–2014 and future C stocks for 2015–2100 for five shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios selected as high priority scenarios for the 6th Assessment Report on Climate Change. Results Carbon stocks in live vegetation in the FNO forests remained relatively stable between 1901 and 2014 while soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks steadily declined, losing about 16% of their initial value. At the end of the historical simulation (in 2014), the stocks were estimated at 19.8, 46.4, and 66.2 tCha−1 in live vegetation, SOC, and total ecosystem pools, respectively. Projections for 2015–2100 indicated effectively no substantial change in SOC stocks, while live vegetation C stocks increased, accelerating their growth in the second half of the twenty-first century. These results were consistent among all simulated SSP scenarios. Consequently, increase in total forest ecosystem C stocks by 2100 ranged from 16.7 to 20.7% of their value in 2015. Simulations with and without wildfires showed the strong effect of fire on forest C stock dynamics during 2015–2100: inclusion of wildfires reduced the live vegetation increase by half while increasing the SOC pool due to higher turnover of vegetation C to SOC. Conclusions Forest ecosystem C stock estimates at the end of historical simulation period were at the lower end but within the range of values reported in the literature for northern boreal forests. These estimates may be treated as conservatively low since the area included in the estimates is poorly studied and some of the forests may be on peat deposits rather than mineral soils. Future C stocks were projected to increase in all simulated SSP scenarios, especially in the second half of the twenty-first century. Thus, during the projected period forest ecosystems of the FNO are likely to act as a C sink. In light of growing interest in developing natural resources in the FNO, collecting more data on the status and dynamics of its forests is needed to verify the above-presented estimates and design management activities that would maintain their projected C sink status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of carbon stocks in above- and below-ground biomass in Central Africa: case study of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest of Congo

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 10703-10735 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
R. Ekoungoulou ◽  
J. J. Loumeto ◽  
S. A. Ifo ◽  
Y. E. Bocko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. The study was aimed to estimate the carbon stocks of above- and below-ground biomass in Lesio-louna forest of Congo. The methodology of allometric equations was used to measure the carbon stocks of Lesio-louna natural forest. We are based precisely on the model II which is also called non-destructive method or indirect method of measuring carbon stocks. While there has been use of parameters such as the DBH and wood density. The research was done with 22 circular plots each 1256 m2. In the 22 plots studied, 19 plots are in the gallery forest and three plots in the secondary forest. Also, 22 circular plots were distributed in 5 sites studies of Lesio-louna forest, including: Inkou forest island, Iboubikro, Ngoyili, Blue lake and Ngambali. So, there are two forest types (secondary forest and gallery forest) in this forest ecosystem. In the 5 sites studied, we made measurements on a total of 347 trees with 197 trees for the class of 10–30 cm diameter, 131 trees for the class of 30–60 cm diameter and 19 trees in the diameter class > 60 cm. The results show that in the whole forest, average carbon stock for the 22 plots of the study was 168.601 t C ha−1 for AGB, or 81% and 39.551 t C ha−1 for BGB, or 19%. The total carbon stocks in all the biomass was 3395.365 t C for AGB, which is 3.395365 × 10–6 Gt C and 909.689934 t C for BGB, which was 9.09689934 × 10–7 Gt C. In this forest, the carbon stock was more important in AGB compared to BGB with respectively 3395.365 t C against 909.689934 t C. Plot10 (AGB = 363.899 t C ha−1 and BGB = 85.516 t C ha−1) was the most dominant in terms of carbon quantification in Lesio-louna.

scholarly journals Ecuaciones alométricas de biomasa aérea para la estimación de los contenidos de carbono en manglares del Caribe Colombiano

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Potential ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Ground Biomass

<p><strong>Abstract: Tree above-ground biomass allometries for carbon stocks estimation in the Caribbean mangroves in Colombia</strong></p><p>In this study, we analyzed the above ground biomass of the species <em>Rhizophora mangle</em> and <em>Avicennia germinans</em> in the mangrove ecosystem located at Marine Protected Area called in Spanish Distrito de Manejo Integrado (DMI) Cispatá-Tinajones-La Balsa, Caribbean Colombian coast. We harvest 30 individuals of each species in field and built allometric models in order to estimates of aboveground biomass with low levels of uncertainty. Our results indicate that the above ground biomass of mangrove forests in the DMI Colombian Caribbean is the 129.69±20.24Mg/ha, the equivalent to 64.85±10.12MgC/ha. The DMI has an area of 8 570.9ha in mangrove forests, and we estimated the total carbon potential stored is about 555 795.93Mg. Although there are pantropical and national above ground biomass allometric models, most of them do not discriminate mangrove forests, despite being particular ecosystems. The equations generated in this study can be considered as an alternative for the assessment of carbon stocks in above ground biomass of mangrove forests in Colombia, and can be used for analysis at a more detailed scale and they are useful for determinate the potential for carbon storage in mangrove forests like an option for the country in forest conservation and emission reduction by deforestation.</p>

scholarly journals Soil ploughing for forest regeneration leads to changes in carbon decomposition – a case study with stable isotopes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Marcin Stróżecki ◽  
Hanna Silvennoinen ◽  
Paweł Strzeliński ◽  
Bogdan Heronim Chojnicki
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock

Abstract It is important to quantify carbon decomposition to assess the reforestation impact on the forest floor C stocks. Estimating the loss of C stock in a short-term perspective requires measuring changes in soil respiration. This is not trivial due to the contribution of both soil microbes and vegetation to the measured CO2 flux. However, C stable isotopes can be used to partition the respiration and potentially to assess how much of the recalcitrant C stock in the forest floor is lost. Here, we measured the soil respiration at two forest sites where different regeneration methods were applied, along with an intact forest soil for reference. In so doing, we used a closed dynamic chamber for measuring respiration and the 13C composition of the emitted CO2. The chamber measurements were then supplemented with the soil organic carbon analysis and its δ13C content. The mean δ13C-CO2 estimates for the source of the CO2 were -26.4, -27.9 and -29.5‰, for the forest, unploughed and ploughed, respectively. The 13C of the soil organic carbon did, not differ significantly between sites. The higher soil respiration rate at the forest, as compared to the unploughed site, could be attributed to the autotrophic respiration by the forest floor vegetation.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting and Non-Harvested Forest Management on Carbon Stocks

2018 ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Bhagat Suberi ◽  
Krishna R. Tiwari ◽  
D. B. Gurung ◽  
Roshan M. Bajracharya ◽  
Bishal K. Sitaula
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Carbon Determination

Forest management is an important strategy which can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation through appropriate care of forest resources. This study was carried out to evaluate two systems of carbon stock accumulation; a harvested forest verses a non-harvested forest. Both the above-ground and below-ground cabon stocks were assessed. Biomass of standing trees, poles and ground vegetation was measured for carbon determination in defined areas using an allometric relationship. Soil (core and composite) samples were collected from 0 –20, 20 – 40 cm and below 40 cm depths, assessed for density, carbon concentration, and profiles C-stocks were estimated. ANOVA and t-tests were performed to compare the effects of forest management on total carbon stocks. The results showed that the total above ground timber carbon (AGTC) was higher in non-harvested forest (220±154 t/ha–1) than in harvested forest (128.6±86.1 t/ha-1). The overall mean carbon stock was higher in the non-harvested forest (357±179) than in the harvested forest (257.4±93.1), which was statistically significant (p=0.031, >0.05). However, the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool was observed to be higher in the harvested forest (101.5±36.1) than in non-harvested forest (89.6±26.5).

scholarly journals Natural forests in New Zealand – a large terrestrial carbon pool in a national state of equilibrium

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Paul ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Peter N. Beets
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Sequestration Rate

Abstract Background Natural forests cover approximately 29% of New Zealand’s landmass and represent a large terrestrial carbon pool. In 2002 New Zealand implemented its first representative plot-based natural forest inventory to assess carbon stocks and stock changes in these mostly undisturbed old-growth forests. Although previous studies have provided estimates of biomass or carbon stocks, these were either not fully representative or lacked data from important pools such as dead wood (coarse woody debris). The current analysis provides the most complete estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in natural forests in New Zealand. Results We present estimates of per hectare carbon stocks and stock changes in live and dead organic matter pools excluding soil carbon based on the first two measurement cycles of the New Zealand Natural Forest Inventory carried out from 2002 to 2014. These show that New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance and are neither a carbon source nor a carbon sink. The average total carbon stock was 227.0 ± 14.4 tC·ha− 1 (95% C.I.) and did not change significantly in the 7.7 years between measurements with the net annual change estimated to be 0.03 ± 0.18 tC·ha− 1·yr− 1. There was a wide variation in carbon stocks between forest groups. Regenerating forest had an averaged carbon stock of only 53.6 ± 9.4 tC·ha− 1 but had a significant sequestration rate of 0.63 ± 0.25 tC·ha− 1·yr− 1, while tall forest had an average carbon stock of 252.4 ± 15.5 tC·ha− 1, but its sequestration rate did not differ significantly from zero (− 0.06 ± 0.20 tC·ha− 1·yr− 1). The forest alliance with the largest average carbon stock in above and below ground live and dead organic matter pools was silver beech-red beech-kamahi forest carrying 360.5 ± 34.6 tC·ha− 1. Dead wood and litter comprised 27% of the total carbon stock. Conclusions New Zealand’s Natural Forest Inventory provides estimates of carbon stocks including estimates for difficult to measure pools such as dead wood and roots. It also provides estimates of uncertainties including effects of model prediction error and sampling variation between plots. Importantly it shows that on a national level New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance. Nevertheless, this is a nationally important carbon pool that requires continuous monitoring to identify potential negative or positive changes.

scholarly journals Variability in Carbon Stocks Across a Chronosequence of Masson Pine Plantations and the Trade-Off Between Plant and Soil Systems

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Jie He ◽  
Quanhou Dai ◽  
Fengwei Xu ◽  
Xudong Peng ◽  
Youjin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock

Plantations sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide and positively respond to climate change, but the carbon (C) sequestration capacity and the trade-off between plant and soil systems in plantations may vary significantly across a chronosequence. Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) plantations were selected to investigate the variability of C stocks in 7-, 14-, and 30-year-old stands. The total ecosystem C stock increased with stand age from 14.82 to 19.21 Mg C. Carbon stocks increased with stand age in the plant system but decreased in the soil system, with the ratio of plant-to-soil C stocks increasing from 0.06 in the 7-year-old plantation to 0.70 in the 30-year-old plantation. Carbon stocks in the first 20 cm of the soil accounted for 44.60%, 43.01%, and 30.18% of the total ecosystem carbon stock in 7-, 14-, and 30-year-old plantations, respectively. The variation trends for the proportions of C stock in soil decreased with soil depth as a result of tree and root growth regardless of stand age. Most C was stored in the stems, which contributed 1.36%, 6.85%, and 29.57% of total ecosystem C stock across the chronosequence. Results of structural equation model indicated that the effect of plant system C stock on ecosystem C stock was far larger than soil system C stock, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) and fractal dimension (D) could be the primary parameters affecting ecosystem C stocks according to redundancy analysis (Variance explained by the variables selected). In summary, the plant system increased biomass C stocks by regulating soil properties to meet their growth requirements, the growth of plants in turn changed the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, then both regulated ecosystem carbon sequestration in Masson pine plantations.

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