scholarly journals Baseline of Carbon Stocks in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. Plantations of Chile

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Guillermo F. Olmedo ◽  
Mario Guevara ◽  
Horacio Gilabert ◽  
Cristián R. Montes ◽  
Eduardo C. Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock

Forest plantations have a large potential for carbon sequestration, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, despite the large amount of research carried out worldwide, the absolute contribution of forest plantations is still incomplete for some parts of the world. To help bridge this gap, we calculated the amount of C stock in three fast growing forest species in Chile. Carbon pools in above-ground and below-ground biomass, forest floor, and soil were considered for this analysis. Across the plantation forests of Chile, carbon accumulated in the above-ground biomass was 181–212 Mg · ha−1 for Pinus radiata, 147–180 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus nitens, and 95–117 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus globulus (age 20–24 years for P. radiata and 10–14 years for Eucalyptus). Total C stocks were for 343 Mg · ha−1 for P. radiata, 352 Mg · ha−1 for E. nitens, and 254 Mg · ha−1 for E. globulus, also at the end of a typical rotation. The carbon pool in the forest floor was found to be significantly lower (less than 4% of the total) when compared to the other pools and showed large spatial variability. Our results agree with other studies showing that 30–50% of the total C stock is stored in the soil. The baseline data will be valuable for modelling C storage changes under different management regimes (changes in species, rotation length and stocking) and for different future climates. Given the contribution of soils to total carbon stocks, special attention should be paid to forest management activities that affect the soil organic carbon pool.

scholarly journals Baseline of Carbon Stocks in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp. Plantations of Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Federico Olmedo ◽  
Mario Guevara ◽  
Horacio Gilabert ◽  
Cristian R. Montes ◽  
Eduardo C. Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Industrial Forest ◽  
C Stock

Forest plantations have a large potential for carbon sequestration, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, despite the huge amount of research carried out worldwide, the absolute contribution of industrial forest plantations is still incomplete for some parts of the world. To contribute to bridge this gap, we calculated the amount of C stock in three fast growing forest species in Chile. Relevant C pools (above-ground and below-ground biomass, forest floor, and soil) were considered for this analysis. Across the industrial plantation forests of Chile, carbon accumulated in the above-ground biomass was 181–212 Mg · ha−1 for Pinus radiata, 147–180 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus nitens, and 95–117 Mg · ha−1 for Eucalyptus globulus (age 20–24 years for P.radiata and 10–14 years for Eucalyptus). Our results agree with other studies showing that 30%–50% of the total C stock is stored in the soil. Total C stocks were for 343 Mg · ha−1 for P.radiata, 352 Mg · ha−1 for E.nitens, and 254 Mg · ha−1 for E. gloubulus, also at the end of a typical rotation. The carbon pool in the forest floor was found to be significantly lower (less than 4% of the total) when compared to the other pools and showed large spatial variability. We conclude that industrial forest plantations are a valuable tool to reduce atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change. Given the contribution of soils to total carbon stocks, special attention should be paid to forest management activities that affect the soil organic carbon pool.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Tajkera Akhter Peuly ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Lars Holger Schmidt ◽  
Shyamal Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractA total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37–48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha−1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22–28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha−1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.

scholarly journals Continuous and discontinuous variation in ecosystem carbon stocks with elevation across a treeline ecotone

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. M. Speed ◽  
V. Martinsen ◽  
A. J. Hester ◽  
Ø. Holand ◽  
J. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Line

Abstract. Treelines differentiate vastly contrasting ecosystems: open tundra from closed forest. Treeline advance has implications for the climate system due to the impact of the transition from tundra to forest ecosystem on carbon (C) storage and albedo. Treeline advance has been seen to increase above-ground C stocks as low vegetation is replaced with trees but decrease organic soil C stocks as old carbon is decomposed. However, studies comparing across the treeline typically do not account for elevational variation within the ecotone. Here we sample ecosystem C stocks along an elevational gradient (970 to 1300 m), incorporating a large-scale and long-term livestock grazing experiment, in the southern Norwegian mountains. We investigate whether there are continuous or discontinuous changes in C storage across the treeline ecotone, and whether these are modulated by grazing. We find that vegetation C stock decreases with elevation, with a clear breakpoint between the forest line and treeline above which the vegetation C stock is constant. C stocks in organic surface horizons of the soil were higher above the treeline than in the forest, whereas C stocks in mineral soil horizons are unrelated to elevation. Total ecosystem C stocks also showed a discontinuous elevational pattern, increasing with elevation above the treeline (8 g m−2 per metre increase in elevation), but decreasing with elevation below the forest line (−15 g m−2 per metre increase in elevation), such that ecosystem C storage reaches a minimum between the forest line and treeline. We did not find any effect of short-term (12 years) grazing on the elevational patterns. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of C storage across the treeline are complex, and should be taken account of when estimating ecosystem C storage with shifting treelines.

Dynamics of Carbon Stocks in the Formation of Forests on Post-Agrogenic Lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
◽  
Yuliya N. Shumilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Taiga Subzone

Carbon stocks were calculated in different components of bigeocenosis (soil, living ground cover, forest floor, undergrowth, underbrush and forest stand) using the example of a selected chronosequence of fallows (4 sample areas of different age, yrs: 16, 25, 63 and 130) in the Kargopol district of the Arkhangelsk region (middle taiga subzone, residual carbonate soils). The structure of carbon stocks of the forming plantations and its changes with the fallow age is estimated. It was found that a natural increase in carbon stocks and its redistribution between the soil and the forming phytocenosis occurs in the process of succession during the afforestation of arable lands. In plantations growing on young fallows, more than 86 % of the carbon stock is represented by carbon from the arable soil horizon. During the colonization of the fallow by forest vegetation the share of this pool decreases and already in the middle-aged 63-year-old forest it is 22 %, and in the mature 130-year-old forest it is only 7.6 %. In the structure of the total carbon stock in the middleaged plantation, the share of the stand reaches 69 %, and in the mature 130-year-old stand it is already 90 %. In plantations on young fallows, the structure of the main components of biogeocenosis (soil carbon, ground cover carbon and tree layer carbon) is characterized by a ratio of 9:1:0, whereas in plantations on old fallows of 63 and 130 years it is 2:0:8 and 1:0:9, respectively. The undergrowth and underbrush of the studied chronosequence are characterized by the small shares of carbon, which do not have a significant value in the structure of the ecosystem carbon pool. Forest floor in forming forest stands contributes significantly to the carbon structure of the biogeocenosis, although the total biogeocenosis carbon pool is 3–4 % and does not contribute to an increase in soil carbon stocks. In the system “soil – forest floor – living ground cover” the share of soil carbon decreases from 91 to 76–77 % with the increase in the age of plantation, while the share of formed forest floor in the middle-aged and mature forest is 16 and 20 %, respectively. In plantations on young fallows the ratio of these components of biogeocenosis is 9:0:1, whereas on old fallows it is 8:2:0. Leaving arable land on residual carbonate soils for self-overgrowth with forest vegetation and formation of forest plantations on them in the middle taiga subzone will lead to a gradual decrease in the carbon pool in the soil, but will contribute to the sequencing of carbon in the phytomass of perennial woody vegetation and in forest floor. These two components of biogeocenosis will serve as a sequenced carbon depot, supporting the biological cycle.

scholarly journals Historical and future carbon stocks in forests of northern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Ter-Mikaelian ◽  
Alemu Gonsamo ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Gang Mo ◽  
Jiaxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Forest C ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract Background Forests in the Far North of Ontario (FNO), Canada, are likely the least studied in North America, and quantifying their current and future carbon (C) stocks is the first step in assessing their potential role in climate change mitigation. Although the FNO forests are unmanaged, the latter task is made more important by growing interest in developing the region’s natural resources, primarily for timber harvesting. In this study, we used a combination of field and remotely sensed observations with a land surface model to estimate forest C stocks in the FNO forests and to project their future dynamics. The specific objective was to simulate historical C stocks for 1901–2014 and future C stocks for 2015–2100 for five shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios selected as high priority scenarios for the 6th Assessment Report on Climate Change. Results Carbon stocks in live vegetation in the FNO forests remained relatively stable between 1901 and 2014 while soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks steadily declined, losing about 16% of their initial value. At the end of the historical simulation (in 2014), the stocks were estimated at 19.8, 46.4, and 66.2 tCha−1 in live vegetation, SOC, and total ecosystem pools, respectively. Projections for 2015–2100 indicated effectively no substantial change in SOC stocks, while live vegetation C stocks increased, accelerating their growth in the second half of the twenty-first century. These results were consistent among all simulated SSP scenarios. Consequently, increase in total forest ecosystem C stocks by 2100 ranged from 16.7 to 20.7% of their value in 2015. Simulations with and without wildfires showed the strong effect of fire on forest C stock dynamics during 2015–2100: inclusion of wildfires reduced the live vegetation increase by half while increasing the SOC pool due to higher turnover of vegetation C to SOC. Conclusions Forest ecosystem C stock estimates at the end of historical simulation period were at the lower end but within the range of values reported in the literature for northern boreal forests. These estimates may be treated as conservatively low since the area included in the estimates is poorly studied and some of the forests may be on peat deposits rather than mineral soils. Future C stocks were projected to increase in all simulated SSP scenarios, especially in the second half of the twenty-first century. Thus, during the projected period forest ecosystems of the FNO are likely to act as a C sink. In light of growing interest in developing natural resources in the FNO, collecting more data on the status and dynamics of its forests is needed to verify the above-presented estimates and design management activities that would maintain their projected C sink status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of carbon stocks in above- and below-ground biomass in Central Africa: case study of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest of Congo

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 10703-10735 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
R. Ekoungoulou ◽  
J. J. Loumeto ◽  
S. A. Ifo ◽  
Y. E. Bocko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. The study was aimed to estimate the carbon stocks of above- and below-ground biomass in Lesio-louna forest of Congo. The methodology of allometric equations was used to measure the carbon stocks of Lesio-louna natural forest. We are based precisely on the model II which is also called non-destructive method or indirect method of measuring carbon stocks. While there has been use of parameters such as the DBH and wood density. The research was done with 22 circular plots each 1256 m2. In the 22 plots studied, 19 plots are in the gallery forest and three plots in the secondary forest. Also, 22 circular plots were distributed in 5 sites studies of Lesio-louna forest, including: Inkou forest island, Iboubikro, Ngoyili, Blue lake and Ngambali. So, there are two forest types (secondary forest and gallery forest) in this forest ecosystem. In the 5 sites studied, we made measurements on a total of 347 trees with 197 trees for the class of 10–30 cm diameter, 131 trees for the class of 30–60 cm diameter and 19 trees in the diameter class > 60 cm. The results show that in the whole forest, average carbon stock for the 22 plots of the study was 168.601 t C ha−1 for AGB, or 81% and 39.551 t C ha−1 for BGB, or 19%. The total carbon stocks in all the biomass was 3395.365 t C for AGB, which is 3.395365 × 10–6 Gt C and 909.689934 t C for BGB, which was 9.09689934 × 10–7 Gt C. In this forest, the carbon stock was more important in AGB compared to BGB with respectively 3395.365 t C against 909.689934 t C. Plot10 (AGB = 363.899 t C ha−1 and BGB = 85.516 t C ha−1) was the most dominant in terms of carbon quantification in Lesio-louna.

scholarly journals Ecuaciones alométricas de biomasa aérea para la estimación de los contenidos de carbono en manglares del Caribe Colombiano

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Carbon Potential ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Ground Biomass

<p><strong>Abstract: Tree above-ground biomass allometries for carbon stocks estimation in the Caribbean mangroves in Colombia</strong></p><p>In this study, we analyzed the above ground biomass of the species <em>Rhizophora mangle</em> and <em>Avicennia germinans</em> in the mangrove ecosystem located at Marine Protected Area called in Spanish Distrito de Manejo Integrado (DMI) Cispatá-Tinajones-La Balsa, Caribbean Colombian coast. We harvest 30 individuals of each species in field and built allometric models in order to estimates of aboveground biomass with low levels of uncertainty. Our results indicate that the above ground biomass of mangrove forests in the DMI Colombian Caribbean is the 129.69±20.24Mg/ha, the equivalent to 64.85±10.12MgC/ha. The DMI has an area of 8 570.9ha in mangrove forests, and we estimated the total carbon potential stored is about 555 795.93Mg. Although there are pantropical and national above ground biomass allometric models, most of them do not discriminate mangrove forests, despite being particular ecosystems. The equations generated in this study can be considered as an alternative for the assessment of carbon stocks in above ground biomass of mangrove forests in Colombia, and can be used for analysis at a more detailed scale and they are useful for determinate the potential for carbon storage in mangrove forests like an option for the country in forest conservation and emission reduction by deforestation.</p>

scholarly journals Soil ploughing for forest regeneration leads to changes in carbon decomposition – a case study with stable isotopes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Marcin Stróżecki ◽  
Hanna Silvennoinen ◽  
Paweł Strzeliński ◽  
Bogdan Heronim Chojnicki
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Decomposition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock

Abstract It is important to quantify carbon decomposition to assess the reforestation impact on the forest floor C stocks. Estimating the loss of C stock in a short-term perspective requires measuring changes in soil respiration. This is not trivial due to the contribution of both soil microbes and vegetation to the measured CO2 flux. However, C stable isotopes can be used to partition the respiration and potentially to assess how much of the recalcitrant C stock in the forest floor is lost. Here, we measured the soil respiration at two forest sites where different regeneration methods were applied, along with an intact forest soil for reference. In so doing, we used a closed dynamic chamber for measuring respiration and the 13C composition of the emitted CO2. The chamber measurements were then supplemented with the soil organic carbon analysis and its δ13C content. The mean δ13C-CO2 estimates for the source of the CO2 were -26.4, -27.9 and -29.5‰, for the forest, unploughed and ploughed, respectively. The 13C of the soil organic carbon did, not differ significantly between sites. The higher soil respiration rate at the forest, as compared to the unploughed site, could be attributed to the autotrophic respiration by the forest floor vegetation.

Evaluation of forest management effects on the mineral soil carbon pool of a lowland, mixed-species forest in Maine, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Puhlick ◽  
Ivan J. Fernandez ◽  
Aaron R. Weiskittel
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Post Hoc

Concerns about climate change have increased interest in ways to maximize carbon (C) storage in forests through the use of alternative forest management strategies. However, the influence of these strategies on soil C pools is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to test for differences in mineral soil C stocks among various silvicultural and harvesting treatments that were initiated in the 1950s and have been maintained since on the Penobscot Experimental Forest in central Maine, USA. Five mineral soil cores below the surface organic horizon to a depth of 1 m were collected from each replicate (n = 2) of selection, shelterwood, and commercial clearcut treatments. For these treatments, the mean mineral soil C stock was 47.7 ± 16.4 Mg ha−1 (mean ± SD). We found no significant differences in average mineral soil C stocks among treatments. However, a post hoc power analysis indicated that the probability of detecting a significant treatment effect was only 6%. We determined that 98 stands per treatment would be required to be 80% certain that the F test would detect a difference in average mineral soil C stocks whenever any pair of treatments had C stocks differing by more than 5 Mg ha−1.

scholarly journals Continuous and discontinuous variation in ecosystem carbon stocks with elevation across a treeline ecotone

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 15435-15461
Author(s):  
J. D. M. Speed ◽  
V. Martinsen ◽  
A. J. Hester ◽  
Ø. Holand ◽  
J. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Line

Abstract. Treelines differentiate vastly contrasting ecosystems: open tundra from closed forest. Treeline advance has implications for the climate system due to the impact of the transition from tundra to forest ecosystem on carbon (C) storage and albedo. Treeline advance has been seen to increase above-ground C stocks as low vegetation is replaced with trees, but decrease organic soil C stocks as old carbon is decomposed. However, studies comparing across the treeline typically do not account for elevational variation within the ecotone. Here we sample ecosystem C stocks along an elevational gradient (970 to 1300 m), incorporating a large-scale and long-term livestock grazing experiment, in the Southern Norwegian mountains. We investigate whether there are continuous or discontinuous changes in C storage across the treeline ecotone, and whether these are modulated by grazing. We find that vegetation C stock decreases with elevation, with a clear breakpoint between the forest line and treeline above which the vegetation C stock is constant. In contrast, C stocks in organic surface horizons of the soil increase linearly with elevation within the study's elevational range, whereas C stocks in mineral soil horizons are unrelated to elevation. Total ecosystem C stocks also showed a discontinuous elevational pattern, increasing with elevation above the treeline (8 g m−2 m−1 increase in elevation), but decreasing with elevation below the forest line (−15 g m−2 m−1 increase in elevation), such that ecosystem C storage reaches a minimum between the forest line and treeline. We did not find any effect of short-term (12 years) grazing on the elevational patterns. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of C storage across the treeline are complex, and should be taken account of when estimating ecosystem C storage with shifting treelines.

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