scholarly journals Intestinal Absorption of β-Glucans and Their Effect on the Immune System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Hino ◽  
Naomichi Nishimura ◽  
Tsukasa Matsuda ◽  
Tatsuya Morita
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Beta Glucans

β-glucan is a generic term for insoluble dietary fibers exerting various effects on the immune system. As a group, β-glucans are non-cellulose polysaccharides composed of a glucopyranose as the main constituent sugar with β configuration, having a β- (1,3)-linked glucopyranose main chain as a common feature. β-glucans are absorbed through the intestine. Since the 1980s, there have been many studies reporting various effects of β-glucans on the immune system, including reports on receptors, that have slowly clarified their recognition system and action mechanisms. However, these studies focused mostly on treatments of infectious diseases and tumors; thus, the effects of β-glucans ingested in food as dietary fiber and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. The uptake of β-glucan into the body may be resemble that of proteins, which are soluble polymers, and insoluble material such as dietary fiber. Dietary fibers have varied structures, with wide-ranging solubility and physiological effects. Understanding whether these substances are actually taken up, how they exert their effects, and their metabolism after being taken up are important issues when considering the functionality and safety of dietary fibers.

scholarly journals Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van Steenwijk ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Alie de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
And Function

The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.

scholarly journals Oyster Mushroom: Biochemical and Medicinal Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Mowsurni ◽  
MBK Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Fungal Kingdom

Mushroom possesses a vital portion of fungal kingdom creating a huge diversity. As a food major portion of these are unfit but as a whole these play an important role to maintain a sound health. Among them some are used as food and some as medicine. Many unknown mysterious components, very much needed for homeostasis of human body, are present in mushroom, which are now recognized as important area for biomedical researches. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is such a mushroom which is used both as food and medicine to ensure the fitness of body. It contains protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, water, different kinds of vitamins and minerals as well as secondary metabolites. Its statins are outstanding in decreasing the harmful plasma lipids and in reducing blood pressure thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The beta-glucan component of oyster stimulates the immune system of the body. This mushroom is also found to be effective and beneficial in diabetes, cancer, microbial infections and so on. However, there are many other life saving components in oyster mushroom whose nature, effectiveness and mode of actions are yet to be characterized and defined.These valuable unknown informations are now subjects of researches. Bangladesh, like other countries of the world is conducting such type of researches but still has to go a long way in this field. At this very moment, it can be said beyond any doubt that oyster mushroom is very good as an alternative food and as a medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i1.13804 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(2): 23-28

Pengolahan Jamur Tiram (PleurotusL Ostreatus) Sebagai Alternatif Pemenuhan Nutrisi

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netty Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms

Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) is one of the edible mushroom because it has a relatively high content of nutrients , delicious taste , easy cultivation , and relatively cheap , and easily available in the market . The specialty is the oyster mushrooms contain beta - glucans and has antioxidant activity . Beta - glucans can be as immunomodulators , by stimulating the body's defense system by activating macrophages to capture and destroy foreign substances in the body such as viruses , bacteria , fungi and parasites .Oyster mushrooms processed food than as an alternative of nutrition because it contains fiber , protein / amino acids , carbohydrates , minerals , fats and beta - glucan . Processed foods as well as oyster mushrooms can be an alternative source of income because it can increase the value added . For example dumplings , nuggets , sausages , flavor, shredded, crackers, a health drink etc. Oyster mushrooms processed foods deserve to be disseminated to the public in an effort to meet nutrition for promote health.Jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) merupakan salah satu jamur yang dapat dimakan karena memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang cukup tinggi, lezat rasanya, mudah budidayanya, dan relatif murah harganya, serta mudah diperoleh di pasaran. Keistimewaan jamur tiram adalah mengandung beta-glukan dan mempunyai aktifitas antioksidan. Beta-glukan dapat sebagai immunomodulator, dengan cara menstimulasi sistem pertahanan tubuh dengan mengaktifasi makrofag untuk menangkap dan menghancurkan benda asing dalam tubuh seperti virus, bakteri, fungi dan parasit. Pangan olahan jamur tiram selain sebagai alternatif pemenuhan nutrisi karena mengandung serat, protein/asam amino, karbohidrat, mineral, lemak serta beta-glukan . Pangan olahan jamur tiram dapat juga sebagai alternatif sumber pendapatan karena dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah. Contohnya pangan olahan jamur tiram adalah siomay, nugget, sosis, penyedap rasa, abon, kerupuk, minuman kesehatan dan lain-lain. Berbagai pangan olahan jamur tiram layak disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat dalam upaya pemenuhan nutrisi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan.Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, nutrition, processed food, beta glucans

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Immunotherapy in Oncology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
System State ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Apheresis Therapy

Tumors development is closely related to the immune system state and in immunosuppression tumors occur many times more often. The quality of the immune defense depends on how the recognition system functions for malignized tumor cells and its timely destruction. However, the immunosuppression state may be a result of the tumor process itself. The tumor itself generates soluble molecules that inhibit the killer activity of lymphocytes and macrophages, which allows tumor cells to survive in the body. Therefore, it is justified to perform apheresis therapy aimed at removal of such inhibitors, and targeted restoration of cytotoxic activity of leukocytes, which should contribute to the tumor cells apoptosis. This method of extracorporeal immunopharmacotherapy is indicated not only in far-advanced cases, but also after any radical operations, when metastases are not detected and even chemotherapy is not carried out.

scholarly journals Cancer at a glance

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-103
Author(s):  
N. Mimoune ◽  
◽  
M.W. Bahouh ◽  
S. Boukhechem ◽  
N.O. Marouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Different Types

Cancer is a generic term that groups different types of malignant tumors. Each of them has a specifi c name according to the tissue that gave birth to it. It appears when cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner and take the place of healthy cells. Deaths from cancer are mainly due to damage caused by metastases. This is why it is important to diagnose the disease early, before it spreads in the body. After the diagnosis announcement, cancer management is put in place: it involves several treatments that are articulated throughout the course of care. Cancers have the particularity of reacting differently to treatments. Some types of cancer are best treated with surgery. Others respond better to drugs called chemotherapy. It often happens that several treatments are administered together to ensure the best possible results. Studies have so far focused largely on the tumor cell itself. The new challenge for researchers is now to understand how these cells interact with their immediate environment. What processes do they put in place to escape the immune system or to successfully spread? Understanding these mechanisms could lead to the development of new types of treatment.

scholarly journals Yeast Beta-Glucans Ingestion Does Not Influence Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4250
Author(s):  
Marcelo M. Canaan ◽  
Juliana C. Reis-Canaan ◽  
Márcio G. Zangerônimo ◽  
Eric F. Andrade ◽  
Thais M. S. V. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Dietary fiber supplementation has been studied as a promising strategy in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to verify whether the consumption of yeast beta-glucan (BG) favors weight loss in obese and non-obese rodents. The PICO strategy was employed, investigating rodents (Population), subjected to the oral administration of yeast BG (Intervention) compared to animals receiving placebo (Comparison), evaluating body weight changes (Outcome), and based on preclinical studies (Study design). Two reviewers searched six databases and the grey literature. We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021267788). The search returned 2467 articles. Thirty articles were selected for full-text evaluation, and seven studies remained based on the eligibility criteria. The effects of BG intake on body weight were analyzed based on obese (n = 4 studies) and non-obese animals (n = 4 studies). Even though most studies on obese rodents (75%) indicated a reduction in body weight (qualitative analysis), the meta-analysis showed this was not significant (mean difference −1.35 g—95% CI −5.14:2.45). No effects were also observed for non-obese animals. We concluded that the ingestion of yeast BG barely affects the body weight of obese and non-obese animals.

Retarding effect of dietary fibers from bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) on hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Xiangjun Fang ◽  
Hangjun Chen ◽  
Yanchao Han ◽  
Ruiling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Sd Rats

The effects of administration of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys edulis) dietary fiber (BSDF) on high-fat diet (HDF) induced hyperlipidemia were studied with SD rats model. Results indicated that the body weight...

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Inulin and Fos from Dioscorea Esculenta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Yuniastuti ◽  
Retno Sri Iswari
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Inulin and fructooligosaccharides(FOS) OS are dietary fibers that are needed by the body to maintain the health. So far, the inulin used in Indonesia are imported from the other countries. Therefore, this research was conducted to isolate and identify the inulin and FOS from the lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta). In hydrolysis at 30∘ C, pH 5, a concentration of 12% (v / w dried inulin) for 120 hours to obtain the inulin fiber, the crudeinulinaseenzymefromAcremoniumspCBS3asthebestinulinasetypewasable to produce SDF (Solouble Dietary Fiber) by 86, 04%.

Immunity boosting diet during Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Devyani Dasar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
The Right ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Physiological Reactions

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

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