scholarly journals Multicell Power Supplies for Improved Energy Efficiency in the Information and Communications Technology Infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chrysostomou ◽  
Nicholas Christofides ◽  
Stelios Ioannou ◽  
Alexis Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Supply Systems

The rapid growth of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector requires additional infrastructure, such as more micro-datacenters and telecom stations, to support the higher internet speeds and low latency requirements of 5G networks. The increased power requirements of the new ICT technologies necessitate the proposal of new power supplies in an attempt to retain the increase in energy demand and running costs. The work analyses how multicell structured power supply units can increase the energy efficiency of the power supply systems and thus minimize running costs of ICT networks. The effect of multicell structures in energy efficiency improvements is verified experimentally and through simulations in PSIM’s thermal module. A new multicell Power Supply Unit (PSU) is proposed for ICT power supplies and it is shown that using multicell structures, higher efficiency at varying load levels can be achieved.

scholarly journals Multicell Power Supplies for Improved Energy Efficiency in the Information and Communications Technology Infrastructures

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7038
Author(s):  
Michael Chrysostomou ◽  
Nicholas Christofides ◽  
Stelios Ioannou ◽  
Alexis Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Full Power ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Results

The rapid growth of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector requires additional infrastructure, such as more micro-datacenters and telecom stations, to support the higher internet speeds and low latency requirements of 5G networks. The increased power requirements of the new ICT technologies necessitate the proposal of new power supplies, in an attempt to support the increase in energy demand and running costs. This work provides an in-depth theoretical analysis on the losses of the individual stages of commercially available PSU and proposes a new multicell PSU, the buck PFC converter, which offers a higher overall efficiency at varying load levels. The theoretical results are verified using simulation results, via a PSIM Thermal Module, and using experimental data. The results indicate that multicell structures can improve the overall PSU efficiency by 1.2% at 50% rated power and more than 2.1% at full power. Finally, taking into consideration the economic implications of this study, it is shown that the proposed multicell structure may increase the PSU costs by 10.78%, but the payback period is in the order of just 3.3 years.

scholarly journals Multicell Power Supplies for Improved Energy Efficiency in the Information and Communications Technology Infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chrysostomou ◽  
Nicholas Christofides ◽  
Stelios Ioannou ◽  
Alexis Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Results

The rapid growth of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector requires additional infrastructure, such as more micro-datacenters and telecom stations, to support the higher internet speeds and low latency requirements of 5G net-works. The increased power requirements of the new ICT technologies necessitate the proposal of new power supplies in an attempt to retain the increase in energy demand and running costs. This work provides an in-depth theoretical analysis on the losses of the individual stages of commercially available PSU and proposes a new multicell PSU, Buck-PFC converter, which offers a higher overall efficiency at varying load levels. The theoretical results are verified using simulation results, via PSIM Thermal Module, and using experimental data. The results indicate that multi-cell structures can improve the overall PSU ef-ficiency by 1.2% at 50% rated power and more than 2.1% at full power. Finally, taking into consideration the economic implica-tions of this study, it is shown that the proposed multicell structure may increase the PSU costs by 10.78% but the payback pe-riod is in the order of just 3.3 years.

Study of power transformer loading in rural power supply systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
I. V. Naumov ◽  
D. N. Karamov ◽  
A. N. Tretyakov ◽  
M. A. Yakupova ◽  
E. S. Fedorinovа
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Supply Systems

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of loading power transformers (PT) in their continuous use on their energy efficiency on a real-life example of existing rural electric networks. It is noted that the vast majority of PT in rural areas have a very low load factor, which leads to an increase in specific losses of electric energy when this is transmitted to various consumers. It is planned to optimize the existing synchronized power supply systems in rural areas by creating new power supply projects in such a way as to integrate existing power sources and ensure the most efficient loading of power transformers for the subsequent transfer of these systems to isolated ones that receive power from distributed generation facilities. As an example, we use data from an electric grid company on loading power transformers in one of the districts of the Irkutsk region. Issues related to the determination of electric energy losses in rural PT at different numerical values of their load factors are considered. A computing device was developed using modern programming tools in the MATLAB system, which has been used to calculate and plot the dependence of power losses in transformers of various capacities on the actual and recommended load factors, as well as the dependence of specific losses during the transit of 1 kVA of power through a power transformer at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors. The analysis of specific losses of electric energy at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors of PT is made. Based on the analysis, the intervals of optimal load factors for different rated power of PT of rural distribution electric networks are proposed. It is noted that to increase the energy efficiency of PT, it is necessary to reduce idling losses by increasing the load of these transformers, which can be achieved by reducing the number of transformers while changing the configuration of 0.38 kV distribution networks.

scholarly journals Development of Interrelated Voltage Regulation System for Coal Mines Energy Efficiency Improving

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 03013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Nepsha ◽  
Roman Belyaevsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
State Matrix ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Supply Systems

In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm for interrelated voltage regulation in the power supply system of coal mine which allows to provide a normative voltage level and to minimize the level of active power consumption. A feature of the proposed algorithm is a separate consideration of discrete and nondiscrete variables. Nondiscrete variables are represented as a state matrix. The optimization of nondiscrete variables is performed for each state. The algorithm chooses a state with the minimal active power consumption. The obtained values of discrete and nondiscrete variables are transferred in the form of control signals to voltage regulation devices. In this case, the periodicity of the switching is determined by the resource of the on-load tap-changing device. The use of this algorithm will theoretically allow increasing the energy efficiency of power supply systems of coal mines.

scholarly journals Energy profiles as a method for minimizing weight of hybrid power supply systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Source Of Information

This article presents an analysis of energy demand by a group of portable military use appliances. This analysis was used by the author to offer an solution aimed at reducing the weight of the power supply system. This solution is based on energy profiles which were derived from the analyses and measurements, and on applying appropriately modified hybrid supply sources. Catalogue data are often used in support of an analysis of performance of electronic appliances. For a user, documents prepared by a manufacturer are the main source of information concerned with the amount and quality of electric energy sources required for the appliance to work properly. Investigations carried out in real conditions often verify this data, which provides a base for seeking alternative solutions in the course of designing new sources of power, e.g. such as the ones proposed in the article.

Energy-Efficiency Through the Integration of Information and Communications Technology Management and Facilities Controls

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Patterson ◽  
Michael Meakins ◽  
Dennis Nasont ◽  
Prasad Pusuluri ◽  
William Tschudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Control Loop

Increasing energy-efficient performance built into today’s servers has created significant opportunities for expanded Information and Communications Technology (ICT) capabilities. Unfortunately the power densities of these systems now challenge the data center cooling systems and have outpaced the ability of many data centers to support them. One of the persistent problems yet to be overcome in the data center space has been the separate worlds of the ICT and Facilities design and operations. This paper covers the implementation of a demonstration project where the integration of these two management systems can be used to gain significant energy savings while improving the operations staff’s visibility to the full data center; both ICT and facilities. The majority of servers have a host of platform information available to the ICT management network. This demonstration project takes the front panel temperature sensor data from the servers and provides that information over to the facilities management system to control the cooling system in the data center. The majority of data centers still use the cooling system return air temperature as the primary control variable to adjust supply air temperature, significantly limiting energy efficiency. Current best practices use a cold aisle temperature sensor to drive the cooling system. But even in this case the sensor is still only a proxy for what really matters; the inlet temperature to the servers. The paper presents a novel control scheme in which the control of the cooling system is split into two control loops to maximize efficiency. The first control loop is the cooling fluid which is driven by the temperature from the physically lower server to ensure the correct supply air temperature. The second control loop is the airflow in the cooling system. A variable speed drive is controlled by a differential temperature from the lower server to the server at the top of the rack. Controlling to this differential temperature will minimize the amount of air moved (and energy to do so) while ensuring no recirculation from the hot aisle. Controlling both of these facilities parameters by the server’s data will allow optimization of the energy used in the cooling system. Challenges with the integration of the ICT management data with the facilities control system are discussed. It is expected that this will be the most fruitful area in improving data center efficiency over the next several years.

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