scholarly journals The History of Salpingoeca rosetta as a Model for Reconstructing Animal Origins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Booth ◽  
Nicole King
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
New Model ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salpingoeca Rosetta ◽  
Instructive Case

Choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, have the potential to reveal the genetic and cell biological foundations of complex multicellular development in animals. Here we describe the history of research on the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. From its original isolation in 2000 to the establishment of CRISPR-mediated genome editing in 2020, S. rosetta provides an instructive case study in the establishment of a new model organism.

The (Dis)assembling of Form: Revealing the Ideas Built Into Manchester’s Medical School

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Built Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instructive Case

Abstract This paper addresses a gap in our understanding of medical history - the architecture of medical schools - and demonstrates the ways in which architectural form can be used to better understand medical epistemology and pedagogy. It examines an instructive case study - the late-nineteenth-century medical school buildings in Manchester - and examines the concepts that were drawn together and expressed in the buildings. Through its exploration, the paper argues first, that medical schools and spaces for medical education should be given greater consideration as a significant category in the history of medical buildings. Second, that buildings such as its case study are an important source of evidence and means to understand the role of medicine in society and the ideas with which its contemporary practitioners and educators were concerned. Third, the paper argues that, to make best use of buildings as sources, we should view them as agents which have assembled divergent ideas and incorporated them into the built form. In this way, such buildings have woven into them an inventory of ideas which can be untangled using designs and physical evidence.

scholarly journals WHAT NO “RUG TIME” SHARING MEANS: REVISIONING CHILDREN’S OPPORTUNITY TO ENACT LITERATE IDENTITIES THROUGH THE LENS OF POSITIONING THEORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-41
Author(s):  
Pauline Harris
Keyword(s):  
First Grade ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Literate Identities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classroom Literacy

ABSTRACT This paper provides a telling case account of how a child called Charlie was positioned and (re)positioned himself within and across different situational types of classroom literacy encounters in his first-grade classroom. This telling case is based on a re-analysis of an originating study conducted by the author (HARRIS, 1989); and is founded on a history of research based on revisioning archived data records as new theories develop. Providing a profile of different ways in which a child positions self and is positioned by the teacher, the system and peers, this telling case presents a research approach for understanding positioning processes and their consequences for children as they develop literacy processes and identities. To make transparent how the telling case study led to new theoretical insights, this paper makes visible multiple levels of analytic scale and angles of analysis of positioning (ANDERSON, 2009) that were undertaken to make visible the dynamic nature of positioning as understood through Positioning Theory (HARRÉ & LANGENHOVE, 1999; HARRÉ, 2012). This telling case study, therefore, builds a foundation for developing theoretical understandings of the fluid and dynamic nature of positioning in classrooms, and influences of positioning on children’s opportunities to enact and demonstrate their literate identities and capabilities.

scholarly journals Genome editing enables reverse genetics of multicellular development in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Booth ◽  
Nicole King
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Selectable Marker ◽  
Model System ◽  
Genetic Screen ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
Forward Genetic Screen ◽  
Salpingoeca Rosetta

AbstractIn a previous study, we established a forward genetic screen to identify genes required for multicellular development in the choanoflagellate, Salpingoeca rosetta (Levin et al., 2014). Yet, the paucity of reverse genetic tools for choanoflagellates has hampered direct tests of gene function and impeded the establishment of choanoflagellates as a model for reconstructing the origin of their closest living relatives, the animals. Here we establish CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in S. rosetta by engineering a selectable marker to enrich for edited cells. We then use genome editing to disrupt the coding sequence of a S. rosetta C-type lectin gene, rosetteless, and thereby demonstrate its necessity for multicellular rosette development. This work advances S. rosetta as a model system in which to investigate how genes identified from genetic screens and genomic surveys function in choanoflagellates and evolved as critical regulators of animal biology.

The Sustainable Waterfront

2013 ◽  
pp. 1683-1700
Author(s):  
Matthew Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Design Process ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Waterfront Development ◽  
New Model ◽  
History Of

This chapter discusses how a methodology for the development of a sustainable waterfront might be shaped through an understanding and consideration of environmental remediation technologies. The chapter begins by considering the history of waterfront development in Europe and America and how this model has become codified into a generic real estate process. The author develops a critique of this model from an environmental perspective. The use of sustainability as an ideology to provide a framework for critique but also strategies and techniques for moving towards a new model of waterfront development are explored. The development of a possible hypothesis for the design of a sustainable waterfront is developed, followed by a speculative case study of a waterfront project that explores how the design hypotheses might be tested. The chapter concludes by speculating on the ways in which a study of urban ecology, in particular urban biodiversity, could enhance the finding of the case study towards the development of a waterfront design process that could contribute to the ecological health of the 21st century city.

scholarly journals ‘I Have Come to Abolish Sacrifices’ (Epiphanius,Pan.30.16.5): Re-examining a Jewish Christian Text and Tradition

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Simon J. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Animal Sacrifice ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
New Testament Studies ◽  
History Of

TheGospel of the Ebionitesis a ‘text’ that only exists as fragments cited in and extrapolated from the heresiological writings of Epiphanius (Pan. 30). LikeRecognitions1.27–71, theGospel of the Ebionitesis one of a number of second- and third-century Jewish Christian sources, texts and traditions alleging that Jesus rejected animal sacrifice. In this article, I seek to review the history of research on this particular text and tradition and explore its significance as a case study in the use of non-canonical gospel traditions in New Testament studies.

Medievalism, Byzantinism, and Bulgarian Politics through the Archival Lens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fani Gargova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Archival Practice ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Practices ◽  
Source Materials

This chapter explores archival practices and the role of primary source materials in the history of research about the Bulgarian Middle Ages and their connection to nationalism. First, there is an overview on the value of archival descriptions in archival practice, which contribute to the discoverability, usability, accessibility, as well as integrity, of unique, historical collections to the researcher. Second, a case study about the connection of Bogdan Filov, Josef Strzygowski, and Thomas Whittemore is presented, and their investigation of Byzantine and Bulgarian medieval monuments is described in order to show how archival descriptions serve as preconditions for understanding, discovering, and accessing primary source material.

The toad ahead: challenges of modelling the range and spread of an invasive species

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Phillips ◽  
Joseph D. Chipperfield ◽  
Michael R. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Range Spread

An ability to predict the rate at which an organism spreads its range is of growing importance because the process of spread (during invasion by an exotic species) is almost identical to that occurring at the expanding range margins of a native species undergoing range shifts in response to climate change. Thus, the methods used for modelling range spread can also be employed to assess the distributional implications of climate change. Here we review the history of research on the spread of cane toads in Australia and use this case study to broadly examine the benefits and pitfalls of various modelling approaches. We show that the problems of estimating the current range, predicting the future range, and predicting the spread rate are interconnected and inform each other. Generally, we argue that correlative approaches to range-prediction are unsuitable when applied to invasive species and suggest that mechanistic methods are beginning to look promising (despite being more difficult to execute), although robust comparisons of correlative versus mechanistic predictions are lacking. Looking to the future, we argue that mechanistic models of range advance (drawing from both population ecology and environmental variation) are the approaches most likely to yield robust predictions. The complexity of these approaches coupled with the steady rise in computing power means that they have only recently become computationally tractable. Thus, we suggest that the field is only recently in a position to incorporate the complexity necessary to robustly model the rate at which species shift their range.

The Sustainable Waterfront

2011 ◽  
pp. 274-292
Author(s):  
Matthew Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Design Process ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Waterfront Development ◽  
New Model ◽  
History Of

This chapter discusses how a methodology for the development of a sustainable waterfront might be shaped through an understanding and consideration of environmental remediation technologies. The chapter begins by considering the history of waterfront development in Europe and America and how this model has become codified into a generic real estate process. The author develops a critique of this model from an environmental perspective. The use of sustainability as an ideology to provide a framework for critique but also strategies and techniques for moving towards a new model of waterfront development are explored. The development of a possible hypothesis for the design of a sustainable waterfront is developed, followed by a speculative case study of a waterfront project that explores how the design hypotheses might be tested. The chapter concludes by speculating on the ways in which a study of urban ecology, in particular urban biodiversity, could enhance the finding of the case study towards the development of a waterfront design process that could contribute to the ecological health of the 21st century city.

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