scholarly journals Class 2 Heating Cycles: A New Class of Thermodynamic Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Yu Li ◽  
Hong-Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycles ◽  
New Class ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Sustainable Energy System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Heating

Considering the significance of thermodynamic cycles in the global energy system, it is necessary to develop new general classes of thermodynamic cycles to relieve current energy and environmental problems. Inspired by the relationship between power cycles and refrigeration cycles, we realize that general classes of thermodynamic cycles should occur in pairs with opposite functions. Here we reverse class 1 heating cycles to obtain another new general class of thermodynamic cycles named class 2 heating cycles (HC-2s). HC-2s have two basic forms, and each contains six thermodynamic processes. HC-2s present the simplest and most general approach to utilizing the temperature difference between a medium-temperature heat source and a low-temperature heat sink to achieve efficient high-temperature heating. HC-2s fill the gaps that have existed since the origin of thermal science, and they will play significant roles in the global sustainable energy system.

scholarly journals Class 1 Heating Cycles: A New Class of Thermodynamic Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Rui Li ◽  
Hua-Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycles ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proper Order ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Temperature Heating

Thermodynamic cycles are not only the core concepts of thermal science, but also key approaches to energy conversion and utilization. So far, power cycles and refrigeration cycles have been the only two general classes of thermodynamic cycles. While diverse types of systems have been developed to perform thermodynamic cycles, no new general classes of thermodynamic cycles have been proposed. Based on the basic principles of thermodynamics, here we propose and analyze a new general class of thermodynamic cycles named class 1 heating cycles (HC-1s). Two basic forms of HC-1s are obtained by connecting six essential thermodynamic processes in the proper order and forming a thermodynamic cycle. HC-1s present the simplest and most general approach to utilizing the temperature difference between a high-temperature heat source and a medium-temperature heat sink to achieve efficient medium-temperature heating and/or low-temperature cooling. HC-1s fill the gaps that have existed since the origin of thermal science, and they will play significant roles in energy conservation and emission reduction.

Numerical Simulation and Process Optimization of Automotive Friction Materials in Warm Pressing Forming

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Chun Cao ◽  
Chun Dong Zhu ◽  
Chen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Heating

Warm pressing forming technology has been gradually applied to the forming of automotive friction materials. How to ensure product performance to achieve the target at the same time achieve the maximum energy saving is the research focus of this study. In this paper, by using finite element method, the field of automotive friction materials in warm pressing forming was analyzed, reveals the relationship between the temperature field and the heating temperature/heating time. Furthermore, the energy consumption was analyzed and compared it with hot pressing forming process. The results will have significant guiding to the process optimization in warm pressing forming.

scholarly journals The Value of Fast Transitioning to a Fully Sustainable Energy System: The Case of Turkmenistan

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 13590-13611
Author(s):  
Rasul Satymov ◽  
Dmitrii Bogdanov ◽  
Christian Breyer
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

scholarly journals Monolayer Twisted Graphene-Based Schottky Transistor

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4109
Author(s):  
Ramin Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
New Class ◽  
Metal Semiconductor Metal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Graphene Structures ◽  
Twisted Graphene ◽  
Device Technology

The outstanding properties of graphene-based components, such as twisted graphene, motivates nanoelectronic researchers to focus on their applications in device technology. Twisted graphene as a new class of graphene structures is investigated in the platform of transistor application in this research study. Therefore, its geometry effect on Schottky transistor operation is analyzed and the relationship between the diameter of twist and number of twists are explored. A metal–semiconductor–metal twisted graphene-based junction as a Schottky transistor is considered. By employing the dispersion relation and quantum tunneling the variation of transistor performance under channel length, the diameter of twisted graphene, and the number of twists deviation are studied. The results show that twisted graphene with a smaller diameter affects the efficiency of twisted graphene-based Schottky transistors. Additionally, as another main characteristic, the ID-VGS is explored, which indicates that the threshold voltage is increased by diameter and number of twists in this type of transistor.

Assessing transition trajectories towards a sustainable energy system: A case study on the Dutch transition to climate-neutral transport fuel chains

Innovation ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roald A.A. Suurs ◽  
Marko P. Hekkert ◽  
Marius T.H. Meeus ◽  
Evert Nieuwlaar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System A ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Projective flatness of a new class of ( α , β ) (\alpha,\beta) -metrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Laurian-Ioan Pişcoran ◽  
Vishnu Narayan Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Riemannian Metric ◽  
Real Scalar ◽  
New Class ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Projective Flatness ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this paper we investigate a new {(\alpha,\beta)} -metric {F=\beta+\frac{a\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}}{\alpha}} , where {\alpha=\sqrt{{a_{ij}y^{i}y^{j}}}} is a Riemannian metric; {\beta=b_{i}y^{i}} is a 1-form and {a\in(\frac{1}{4},+\infty)} is a real scalar. Also, we investigate the relationship between the geodesic coefficients of the metric F and the corresponding geodesic coefficients of the metric α.

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