Projective flatness of a new class of ( α , β ) (\alpha,\beta) -metrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Laurian-Ioan Pişcoran ◽  
Vishnu Narayan Mishra

Abstract In this paper we investigate a new {(\alpha,\beta)} -metric {F=\beta+\frac{a\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}}{\alpha}} , where {\alpha=\sqrt{{a_{ij}y^{i}y^{j}}}} is a Riemannian metric; {\beta=b_{i}y^{i}} is a 1-form and {a\in(\frac{1}{4},+\infty)} is a real scalar. Also, we investigate the relationship between the geodesic coefficients of the metric F and the corresponding geodesic coefficients of the metric α.

Author(s):  
Mona Atashafrouz ◽  
Behzad Najafi ◽  
Laurian-Ioan Piscoran

Let $G$ be a 4-dimensional Lie group with an invariant para-hypercomplex structure and let $F= \beta+ a\alpha+\beta^2/{\alpha}$ be a left invariant $(\alpha,\beta)$-metric, where $\alpha$ is a Riemannian metric and $\beta$ is a 1-form on $G$, and $a$ is a real number. We prove that the flag curvature of $F$ with parallel 1-form $\beta$ is non-positive, except in Case 2, in which $F$ admits both negative and positive flag curvature. Then, we determine all geodesic vectors of $(G,F)$.  


Author(s):  
Roman Ger

Abstract  We deal with an alienation problem for an Euler–Lagrange type functional equation $$\begin{aligned} f(\alpha x + \beta y) + f(\alpha x - \beta y) = 2\alpha ^2f(x) + 2\beta ^2f(y) \end{aligned}$$ f ( α x + β y ) + f ( α x - β y ) = 2 α 2 f ( x ) + 2 β 2 f ( y ) assumed for fixed nonzero real numbers $$\alpha ,\beta ,\, 1 \ne \alpha ^2 \ne \beta ^2$$ α , β , 1 ≠ α 2 ≠ β 2 , and the classic quadratic functional equation $$\begin{aligned} g(x+y) + g(x-y) = 2g(x) + 2g(y). \end{aligned}$$ g ( x + y ) + g ( x - y ) = 2 g ( x ) + 2 g ( y ) . We were inspired by papers of Kim et al. (Abstract and applied analysis, vol. 2013, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) and Gordji and Khodaei (Abstract and applied analysis, vol. 2009, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2009), where the special case $$g = \gamma f$$ g = γ f was examined.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4109
Author(s):  
Ramin Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů

The outstanding properties of graphene-based components, such as twisted graphene, motivates nanoelectronic researchers to focus on their applications in device technology. Twisted graphene as a new class of graphene structures is investigated in the platform of transistor application in this research study. Therefore, its geometry effect on Schottky transistor operation is analyzed and the relationship between the diameter of twist and number of twists are explored. A metal–semiconductor–metal twisted graphene-based junction as a Schottky transistor is considered. By employing the dispersion relation and quantum tunneling the variation of transistor performance under channel length, the diameter of twisted graphene, and the number of twists deviation are studied. The results show that twisted graphene with a smaller diameter affects the efficiency of twisted graphene-based Schottky transistors. Additionally, as another main characteristic, the ID-VGS is explored, which indicates that the threshold voltage is increased by diameter and number of twists in this type of transistor.


1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (23) ◽  
pp. 11297-11301 ◽  
Author(s):  
C B Gorman ◽  
S R Marder

A computational method was devised to explore the relationship of charge separation, geometry, molecular dipole moment (mu), polarizability (alpha), and hyperpolariz-abilities (beta, gamma) in conjugated organic molecules. We show that bond-length alternation (the average difference in length between single and double bonds in the molecule) is a key structurally observable parameter that can be correlated with hyperpolarizabilities and is thus relevant to the optimization of molecules and materials. By using this method, the relationship of bond-length alternation, mu, alpha, beta, and gamma for linear conjugated molecules is illustrated, and those molecules with maximized alpha, beta, and gamma are described.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-659
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Guo ◽  
Kanishka Perera ◽  
Wenming Zou

AbstractWe consider the critical p-Laplacian system\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{-}\Delta_{p}u-\frac{\lambda a}{p}\lvert u% \rvert^{a-2}u\lvert v\rvert^{b}=\mu_{1}\lvert u\rvert^{p^{\ast}-2}u+\frac{% \alpha\gamma}{p^{\ast}}\lvert u\rvert^{\alpha-2}u\lvert v\rvert^{\beta},&&% \displaystyle x\in\Omega,\\ &\displaystyle{-}\Delta_{p}v-\frac{\lambda b}{p}\lvert u\rvert^{a}\lvert v% \rvert^{b-2}v=\mu_{2}\lvert v\rvert^{p^{\ast}-2}v+\frac{\beta\gamma}{p^{\ast}}% \lvert u\rvert^{\alpha}\lvert v\rvert^{\beta-2}v,&&\displaystyle x\in\Omega,\\ &\displaystyle u,v\text{ in }D_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega),\end{aligned}\right.where {\Delta_{p}u:=\operatorname{div}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p-2}\nabla u)} is the p-Laplacian operator defined onD^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^{N}):=\bigl{\{}u\in L^{p^{\ast}}(\mathbb{R}^{N}):\lvert% \nabla u\rvert\in L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{N})\bigr{\}},endowed with the norm {{\lVert u\rVert_{D^{1,p}}:=(\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p}\,dx% )^{\frac{1}{p}}}}, {N\geq 3}, {1<p<N}, {\lambda,\mu_{1},\mu_{2}\geq 0}, {\gamma\neq 0}, {a,b,\alpha,\beta>1} satisfy {a+b=p}, {\alpha+\beta=p^{\ast}:=\frac{Np}{N-p}}, the critical Sobolev exponent, Ω is {\mathbb{R}^{N}} or a bounded domain in {\mathbb{R}^{N}} and {D_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega)} is the closure of {C_{0}^{\infty}(\Omega)} in {D^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^{N})}. Under suitable assumptions, we establish the existence and nonexistence of a positive least energy solution of this system. We also consider the existence and multiplicity of the nontrivial nonnegative solutions.


1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. C61-C73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Goodman ◽  
I. S. Zagon ◽  
C. F. Whitfield ◽  
L. A. Casoria ◽  
S. B. Shohet ◽  
...  

A mouse brain spectrin-like protein, which was an immunoreactive analogue of erythrocyte spectrin, has been isolated from demyelinated membranes. This spectrin analogue was a 10.5 S, 972,000 molecular weight (Mr) (alpha beta)2 tetramer containing subunits of 240,000 (alpha) and 235,000 (beta) Mr. We demonstrated that in vivo only the 235,000 Mr beta subunit of the mouse brain spectrin-like protein was phosphorylated, which was an analogous situation to mouse erythrocyte spectrin in which only the 220,000 Mr beta subunit was phosphorylated. Incubation of isolated membrane fractions with [gamma-32P]ATP +/- adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) indicated that mouse brain spectrin-like protein, mouse erythrocyte spectrin, and human erythrocyte spectrin's beta subunits were all phosphorylated in vitro by membrane-associated cAMP-independent protein kinases.


1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gugneja ◽  
J V Virbasius ◽  
R C Scarpulla

Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) was previously purified to near homogeneity from HeLa cells on the basis of its ability to bind tandem recognition sites in the rat cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (RCO4) promoter. It consisted of five subunits, alpha, beta 1, beta 2, gamma 1, and gamma 2. Sequencing of tryptic peptides from alpha and from mixtures of the two beta or two gamma subunits revealed sequence identities with subunits of the mouse GA-binding protein (GABP), a ubiquitously expressed ETS domain activator composed of three subunits, alpha, beta 1, and beta 2. To understand the precise relationship between NRF-2 and GABP, cDNAs for all five NRF-2 subunits have now been cloned and their products have been overexpressed. The results establish that the two additional NRF-2 subunits are molecular variants that differ from GABP beta 1 and beta 2 by having a 12-amino-acid insertion containing two serine doublets. PCR and RNase protection assays show that mRNAs for these variants are expressed in the human but not the rodent cells and tissues examined. The insertion did not alter the ability of the beta and gamma subunits to associate with alpha, the DNA-binding subunit, nor did it affect the ability of NRF-2 beta 1 or beta 2 to direct high-affinity binding of alpha to tandem sites in the RCO4 promoter. In addition, the four NRF-2 beta and gamma subunits were equally proficient in activating transcription in transfected cells when fused to a GAL4 DNA-binding domain. The domain responsible for this transcriptional activation was localized by deletion mapping to a region of approximately 70 amino acids that is conserved in all four NRF-2 beta and gamma subunits. The repeated glutamine-containing hydrophobic clusters within this region bear a strong resemblance to those recently implicated in protein-protein interactions within the transcriptional apparatus.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-239
Author(s):  
Irina A. Yakovenko ◽  
Nadejda E. Petrenko ◽  
Evgeniy A. Cheremoushkin ◽  
Vladimir B. Dorokhov ◽  
Zarina B. Bakaeva ◽  
...  

The aim of the study is investigation of nighttime sleep effect on the performance of a cognitive setting in terms of the coupling of EEG rhythms. The coupling of 5 rhythm: beta-1, beta-2, gamma, alpha and theta rhythms of EEG during the formation and testing of cognitive set was studied for 120 students (17 with short-term night sleep and 15 with a full night sleep). Multi-channel EEG was recorded. EEG evaluation was carried out by continuous wavelet transform based on the “mother” complex Morlet wavelet in the range of 1–35 Hz. Maps of the distribution of the values of the modulus of the wavelet transformation coefficient, which reflect amplitude changes of the potentials were analyzed. The Pearson correlation coefficient was a measure evaluating the coupling of EEG rhythms. The subjects with a short night’s sleep showed almost all of the relations of EEG rhythms (8 couples) during the formation stage of presentation. Students with a full night’s sleep showed statistically significant coupling of the following pairs of rhythms: alpha–beta-1, alpha–gamma and beta-2–gamma. Students with short-term night sleep demonstrated the 3 significant couples: alpha–beta-1, beta-1–gamma and beta-2–gamma during the testing stage. Well-slept students showed an increase in the number of connections (6 couples) in relation to the stage of formation of the set due to the addition of connections with the theta rhythm. The obtained data could indicate that the thalamo-cortical and cortico-hippocampal structural-functional associations work differently in the groups of subjects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950004 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANHONG CHEN ◽  
YIJUN HU

In this paper, we investigate representation results for set-valued law invariant coherent and convex risk measures, which can be considered as a set-valued extension of the multivariate scalar law invariant coherent and convex risk measures studied in the literature. We further introduce a new class of set-valued risk measures, named set-valued distortion risk measures, which can be considered as a set-valued version of multivariate scalar distortion risk measures introduced in the literature. The relationship between set-valued distortion risk measures and set-valued weighted value at risk is also given.


Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
Khaled Zennir ◽  
Mohamad Biomy

In the present paper, we consider an important problem from the point of view of application in sciences and engineering, namely, a new class of nonlinear Love-equation with infinite memory in the presence of source term that takes general nonlinearity form. New minimal conditions on the relaxation function and the relationship between the weights of source term are used to show a very general decay rate for solution by certain properties of convex functions combined with some estimates. Investigations on the propagation of surface waves of Love-type have been made by many authors in different models and many attempts to solve Love’s equation have been performed, in view of its wide applicability. To our knowledge, there are no decay results for damped equations of Love waves or Love type waves. However, the existence of solution or blow up results, with different boundary conditions, have been extensively studied by many authors. Our interest in this paper arose in the first place in consequence of a query for a new decay rate, which is related to those for infinite memory ϖ in the third section. We found that the system energy decreased according to a very general rate that includes all previous results.


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