scholarly journals OPTIMASI METODE EKSTRAKSI BERBANTU MIKROWAVE DENGAN PELARUT HIJAU (ASAM SITRAT-GLUKOSA) TERHADAP KADAR POLIFENOL TOTAL DARI DAUN KADAMBA (Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil) MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Islamudin Ahmad ◽  
Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Kadamba (Mitragyna speciosa Korth Havil) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan endemik di Asia Tenggara, di Indonesia, tumbuhan ini banyak di jumpai di pulau Kalimantan. Tumbuhan ini dipercaya oleh masyarakat dapat mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Namun, karena kandungan alkaloidnya, tumbuhan ini dilarang digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat herbal oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengembangan metode ekstraksi untuk menarik senyawa metabolit sekunder target dan meminimalkan senyawa yang tidak diinginkan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi berbantu mikrowave dengan pelarut hijau (Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent) yang dioptimasi menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM). Simplisia kering daun Kadamba diekstraksi menggunakan metode ekstraksi berbantu mikrowave dengan pelarut hijau (asam sitrat-glukosa) dengan berbagai kondisi ekstraksi dengan empat faktor dan tiga level (Box Behnken Design) yang dioptimasi menggunakan RSM dengan aplikasi perangkat lunak Design Expert versi 12 berlisensi. Penetapan kadar polifenol total dilakukan menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteau dan diukur absorbansinya pada spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 770 nm, serta asam gallat sebagai standar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kondisi optimum pada perbandingan rasio pelarut NADES (asam sitrat : glukosa) 5:1 g/g, rasio pelarut-sampel sebesar 1:20 g/mL, waktu ekstraksi selama 20 menit dan kekuatan gelombang mikro sebesar 30% dengan kadar polifenol total prediksi sebesar 314,924 ±35,95 mg GAE/g sampel, sedangkan dari hasil proses verifikasi (scale-up confirmation) yaitu dengan meningkatkan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak sepuluh kali lipat dengan Kadar polifenol total diperoleh  sebesar 427,12 ±35,95 mg GAE/g. Penelitian ini merupakan langkah awal dalam pengembangan metode ekstraksi untuk memperoleh senyawa target secara cepat, mudah, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan.

scholarly journals Development of a colorless Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. extract using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) optimized by response surface methodology

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 8741-8750
Author(s):  
Suppalak Phaisan ◽  
Fonthip Makkliang ◽  
Waraporn Putalun ◽  
Seiichi Sakamoto ◽  
Gorawit Yusakul
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

This study outlines a green process for Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (CA) extraction.

scholarly journals Pengayaan Polifenol Total dari Daun Kadamba Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Berbantu Mikrowave Berbasis Pelarut Hijau

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islamudin Ahmad ◽  
Andi Yusniah ◽  
Yuspian Nur ◽  
Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo ◽  
Herman
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The present study aims to optimize the natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as a green solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of total polyphenols content (TPC) from Mitragyna speciosa Korth Havil leaves using response surface methodology (RSM). Preparation of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) as a green solvent was performed by melting the two-component of malic acid and glucose using a magnetic stirrer. The leaves sample was extracted using the NADES-MAE method with various extraction conditions with four factors and three levels (Box Behnken Design) and optimized using RSM with licensed software of Design Expert V12. TPC was determined using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and absorbance was measured on a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 770 nm and gallic acid as a standard. This study was obtained the optimum extraction conditions include: NADES ratio (malic acid: glucose) of 1:2 g/g, 50% microwave power, a solvent-sampel ratio of 12:1 mL/g, and extraction time for 7 minutes. The optimum conditions were obtained according to the equation formula: TPC = 165.17 – 33.97X1 + 38.36X2 – 6.08X3 + 16.12X4 – 62.77X1X2 + 79.61X12X2, where a R2 value = 0.7102 with a TPC prediction of 402.087±43.81 mg GAE/g sample. These conditions can be used to extract TPC from this plant efficiently, quickly, easily, and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Melalui Proses Ekstraksi Reaktif

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Retno Atika Putri ◽  
Azhari Muhammad ◽  
Ishak Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L

Biodiesel merupakan suatu bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan.Dalam penelitian ini bahan dasar yang digunakan dalam pembuatan biodiesel biji jarak pagar. Proses pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi reaktif, yaitu proses ekstraksi dan reaksi transesterifikasi, berjalan secara simultan, dimana metanol memliki fungsi ganda, yaitu sebagai pelarut dan sebagai reaktan. Pelarut yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah nheksana. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari kondisi optimum proses pembuatan biodiesel dari Jatropha curcas L. seed (biji jarak pagar) dengan menggunakan Software Design Expert V.6.0.8 metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box Behnken Design (BBD). Biji jarak pagar sebanyak 200 gr, menggunakan pelarut CH3OH dan katalis KOH sebesar 0,8% w/w dengan perbandingan mol (minyak:alkohol) adalah 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, suhu reaksi 55, 60 dan 65oC dengan waktu reaksi adalah 60 menit, 120 menit dan 180 menit. Berdasarkan hasil eksperimen diperoleh yield tertinggi sebesar 12,80% pada kondisi 120 menit pada suhu 60C dan perbandingan mol 1:5, sedangkan Design Expert memberikan prediksi untuk memperoleh titik optimal yaitu, pada kondisi suhu 60oC perbandingan mol 1:5,03 dan lama reaksi berlangsung adalah selama 131,92 menit dengan yield biodiesel sebesar 12,88%.Biodiesel merupakan suatu bahan bakar alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini bahan dasar yang digunakan dalam pembuatan biodiesel biji jarak pagar. Proses pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi reaktif, yaitu proses ekstraksi dan reaksi transesterifikasi, berjalan secara simultan, dimana metanol memliki fungsi ganda, yaitu sebagai pelarut dan sebagai reaktan. Pelarut yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah nheksana. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari kondisi optimum proses pembuatan biodiesel dari Jatropha curcas L. seed (biji jarak pagar) denganmenggunakan Software Design Expert V.6.0.8 metode Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM) Box Behnken Design (BBD). Biji jarak pagar sebanyak 200gr, menggunakan pelarut CH3OH dan katalis KOH sebesar 0,8% w/w denganperbandingan mol (minyak:alkohol) adalah 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, suhu reaksi 55, 60 dan 65oC dengan waktu reaksi adalah 60 menit, 120 menit dan 180 menit.Berdasarkan hasil eksperimen diperoleh yield tertinggi sebesar 12,80% padakondisi 120 menit pada suhu 60oC dan perbandingan mol 1:5, sedangkan Design Expert memberikan prediksi untuk memperoleh titik optimal yaitu, pada kondisi suhu 60oC perbandingan mol 1:5,03 dan lama reaksi berlangsung adalah selama 131,92 menit dengan yield biodiesel sebesar 12,88%.

Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Mirela Marfa ◽  
Iuliana Jipa ◽  
Marta Stroescu ◽  
Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

scholarly journals Assessment of TiO2 Nanoconcentration and Twin Impingement Jet of Heat Transfer Enhancement—A Statistical Approach Using Response Surface Methodology

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Mahir Faris Abdullah ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Hazim Moria ◽  
Asmaa Soheil Najm ◽  
Zambri Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticle ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Impingement Jet

Impinging jets are considered to be a well-known technique that offers high local heat transfer rates. No correlation could be established in the literature between the significant parameters and the Nusselt number, and investigation of the interactions between the correlated factors has not been conducted before. An experimental analysis based on the twin impingement jet mechanism was achieved to study the heat transfer rate pertaining to the surface plate. In the current paper, four influential parameters were studied: the spacing between nozzles, velocity, concentration of Nano solution coating and nozzle-plate distance, which are considered to be effective parameters for the thermal conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient of TiO2 nanoparticle, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis were done, which highlighted the structure and showed that the nanosolution coated the surface homogenously. Moreover, a comparison was done for the experimental results with that of the predicted responses generated by the Design Expert software, Version 7 User’s Guide, USA. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to improve a mathematical model by accounting for a D-optimal design. In addition, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for testing the significance of the models. The maximum Nu of 91.47, where H = S = 1 cm; Reynolds number of 17,000, and TiO2 nanoparticle concentration of 0.5% M. The highest improvement rate in Nusselt was about 26%, achieved with TiO2 Nanoparticle, when S = 3 cm, H = 6 cm and TiO2 nanoparticle = 0.5 M. Furthermore, based on the statistical analysis, the expected values were found to be in satisfactory agreement with that of the empirical data, which was conducted by accounting for the proposed models’ excellent predictability. Multivariate approaches are very useful for researchers, as well as for applications in industrial processes, as they lead to increased efficiency and reduced costs, so the presented results of this work could encourage the overall uses of multivariate methods in these fields. Hypotheses: A comparison was done for the predicted responses generated by the Design Expert software with the experimental results and then studied to verify the following hypotheses: ► Preparation of three concentrations of TiO2 nanosolution was done and studied. ► The heat transfer rate could be increased by surface coating with TiO2 nanoparticle. ► The heat transfer could be improved by the impingement jet technique with suitable adjustments.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

Studies of kerf width and surface roughness using the response surface methodology in AA 4032–TiC composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110414
Author(s):  
TS Senthilkumar ◽  
R Muralikannan ◽  
T Ramkumar ◽  
S Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Kerf Width ◽  
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pulse On Time

A substantially developed machining process, namely wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), is used to machine complex shapes with high accuracy. This existent work investigates the optimization of the process parameters of wire electrical discharge machining, such as pulse on time ( Ton), peak current ( I), and gap voltage ( V), to analyze the output performance, such as kerf width and surface roughness, of AA 4032–TiC metal matrix composite using response surface methodology. The metal matrix composite was developed by handling the stir casting system. Response surface methodology is implemented through the Box–Behnken design to reduce experiments and design a mathematical model for the responses. The Box–Behnken design was conducted at a confident level of 99.5%, and a mathematical model was established for the responses, especially kerf width and surface roughness. Analysis of variance table was demarcated to check the cogency of the established model and determine the significant process. Surface roughness attains a maximum value at a high peak current value because high thermal energy was released, leading to poor surface finish. A validation test was directed between the predicted value and the actual value; however, the deviation is insignificant. Moreover, a confirmation test was handled for predicted and experimental values, and a minimal error was 2.3% and 2.12% for kerf width and surface roughness, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the crater, globules, microvoids, and microcracks were increased by amplifying the pulse on time.

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