Long-Term Changes in Precipitation in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Fujibe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Precipitation Records

This paper explores features of long-term changes in precipitation in Japan based on recent studies using daily data from 51 stations since 1901, partly updated for the present article. We show that heavy daily precipitation (≧ 200 mm and ≧ 100 mm) has significantly increased during the last century as weak to moderate precipitation (≧ 1 mm to ≧ 10 mm) has decreased. New analysis using hourly precipitation records at over 600 stations on the AMeDAS network has shown an increase in very intense hourly and six-hourly precipitations (≧100 mm/h and ≧300 mm/6h) during the last 28 years. It also shows that the trend in the spatial concentration of precipitation during the last century has been increasing, as have changes in the pattern of diurnal variation of precipitation, characterized by a relative increase in precipitation amounts in early morning and a decrease in early afternoon.

Long-term change of warm-season precipitation climatology in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-seok Do ◽  
Joowan Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Precipitation Increase

<div> <div> <div> <p>This study examines long-term changes of precipitation characteristics in South Korea focusing on warm season (June-September). Daily precipitation data are obtained from 15 surface stations that have continuously observed precipitation for 58 years (1961 – 2018). Precipitation characteristics and their long-term changes are examined including trend, amount, and intensity. The warm- season precipitation in South Korea is largely affected by the East Asian Summer Monsoon, which causes rainy season in late July and mid August (these are called “Changma” and “Post-Changma” seasons in Korea). Thus, these characteristics are also analyzed focusing on Changma season.</p> <p>The warm-season precipitation increased roughly by 1.0 mm per day for the last thirty years. The change is particularly pronounced during Changma season, and it shows 1.6 mm of daily precipitation increase. Trend analysis for the 58 years also showed a consistent and significant result. The precipitation change is mostly founded in the intensity of 30 – 110 mm per day implying that the precipitation intensity is increasing in warm season. Multiple regression analysis further suggests that this change is more related to precipitation intensity than precipitation frequency. Global precipitation data reveals the similar change in precipitation over central eastern China presenting a band-like precipitation increase extending to the Korean peninsula. These results are likely caused by near-surface temperature and moisture increase in a warming climate.</p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Temporal and diurnal variation in social media posts to a suicide support forum

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Dutta ◽  
George Gkotsis ◽  
Sumithra Velupillai ◽  
Ioannis Bakolis ◽  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Early Afternoon

Abstract Background Rates of suicide attempts and deaths are highest on Mondays and these occur more frequently in the morning or early afternoon, suggesting weekly temporal and diurnal variation in suicidal behaviour. It is unknown whether there are similar time trends on social media, of posts relevant to suicide. We aimed to determine temporal and diurnal variation in posting patterns on the Reddit forum SuicideWatch, an online community for individuals who might be at risk of, or who know someone at risk of suicide. Methods We used time series analysis to compare date and time stamps of 90,518 SuicideWatch posts from 1st December 2008 to 31st August 2015 to (i) 6,616,431 posts on the most commonly subscribed general subreddit, AskReddit and (ii) 66,934 of these AskReddit posts, which were posted by the SuicideWatch authors. Results Mondays showed the highest proportion of posts on SuicideWatch. Clear diurnal variation was observed, with a peak in the early morning (2:00–5:00 h), and a subsequent decrease to a trough in late morning/early afternoon (11:00–14:00 h). Conversely, the highest volume of posts in the control data was between 20:00–23:00 h. Conclusions Posts on SuicideWatch occurred most frequently on Mondays: the day most associated with suicide risk. The early morning peak in SuicideWatch posts precedes the time of day during which suicide attempts and deaths most commonly occur. Further research of these weekly and diurnal rhythms should help target populations with support and suicide prevention interventions when needed most.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in precipitation phase in Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Martin Hynčica ◽  
Radan Huth
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Solid Precipitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Precipitation Phase

Long-term changes in precipitation phase are investigated at ten stations in Czechia. Trends are calculated from 1983 to 2018 for the period between November and April. Daily SYNOP reports and daily precipitation totals are used at every station, where number and occurrence of specific codes in SYNOP report determine daily precipitation totals as solid, combined (which represents, to a large extent, category of mixed precipitation), or liquid. Thereafter, it is possible to calculate trends of all precipitation phases as well as the proportion of solid to total precipitation (S/P; in %). The average S/P trend over all Czech stations is significantly negative (−0.60%·year-1) and accompanied by a sharp decrease in solid precipitation (−1.66 mm·year-1) and an increase in combined precipitation (1.50 mm·year-1). Thus, our results show a ship of precipitation phase from solid to combined. Because of the dependence of S/P on air temperature, we suppose that the current S/P decline is a manifestation of rising air temperatures in the past decades.

scholarly journals Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric mercury across the US determined from AMNet monitoring data

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 10569-10582 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lan ◽  
R. Talbot ◽  
M. Castro ◽  
K. Perry ◽  
W. Luke
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Us

Abstract. Speciated atmospheric mercury observations collected over the period from 2008 to 2010 at the Environmental Protection Agency and National Atmospheric Deposition Program Atmospheric Mercury Network sites (AMNet) were analyzed for its spatial, seasonal, and diurnal characteristics across the US. Median values of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) at 11 different AMNet sites ranged from 148–226 ppqv (1.32–2.02 ng m−3), 0.05–1.4 ppqv (0.47–12.4 pg m−3) and 0.18–1.5 ppqv (1.61–13.7 pg m−3), respectively. Common characteristics of these sites were the similar median levels of GEM as well as its seasonality, with the highest mixing ratios occurring in winter and spring and the lowest in fall. However, discernible differences in monthly average GEM were as large as 30 ppqv, which may be caused by sporadic influence from local emission sources. The largest diurnal variation amplitude of GEM occurred in the summer. Seven rural sites displayed similar GEM summer diurnal patterns, in that the lowest levels appeared in the early morning, and then the GEM mixing ratio increased after sunrise and reached its maxima at noon or in the early afternoon. Unlike GEM, GOM exhibited higher mixing ratios in spring and summer. The largest diurnal variation amplitude of GOM occurred in spring for most AMNet sites. The GOM diurnal minima appeared before sunrise and maxima appeared in the afternoon. The increased GOM mixing ratio in the afternoon indicated a photochemically driven oxidation of GEM resulting in GOM formation. PBM exhibited diurnal fluctuations in summertime. The summertime PBM diurnal pattern displayed daily maxima in the early afternoon and lower mixing ratios at night, implying photochemical production of PBM in summer.

scholarly journals Long-term Surveillance of Physical Activity Habits of Latinas Enrolled in a 12-Month Physical Activity Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Carr ◽  
Shira Dunsinger ◽  
Bess H. Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Early Afternoon

Background:Long-term physical activity surveillance has not been conducted among Latinas. This study explored the variability of daily physical activity habits of inactive adult Latinas participating in a 12-month physical activity intervention.Methods:We collected objective physical activity data (pedometer) from 139 Spanish speaking Latinas (age = 41.6 ± 10.1 years; BMI = 29.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) enrolled in a 12-month physical activity intervention. Total and aerobic steps (>100 steps/minute) were computed by year, season, month, day of week, time of day, and hour.Results:Participants walked an average of 6509 steps/day of which 1303 (20%) were aerobic steps. Significant physical activity differences were observed for subgroups including generational status, education, employment, income, marital status and health literacy. Significant and similar differences were observed for both total steps and aerobic steps for day of the week (weekdays > weekends) and season (summer > spring > fall > winter). Opposing trends were observed over the course of the day for total steps (early afternoon > late morning > late afternoon > early morning > evening) and aerobic steps (early morning > evening > late morning > late afternoon > early afternoon).Conclusions:Both seasonality and week day predicted physical activity habits of Latinas. This is the first long-term study to track daily physical activity habits of Latinas. These data have potential to inform the design of future physical activity interventions targeting Latinas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document