Optimal Life Recovery Assistance for Those Who Are Residing in Designated Temporary Housing in Widely Dispersed Locations: Interim Findings on Different Household Groups and on Life Recovery Promotion Parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Tatsuki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Community Rebuilding

Most persons whose houses were destroyed in the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake/tsunami disaster now reside in designated temporary housing (DTH). Unlike prefabricated temporary housing (PTH) occupants, DTH dwellers reside in widely dispersed locations. Japanese disaster research has mainly focused on life recovery assistance for PTH occupants who live in close proximity and not much is known about DHT residing “diaspora” survivors. This paper outlines a set of projects aimed at identifying 1) life recovery process characteristics among DTH occupants, 2) interrelationships between community rebuilding and individual life recovery processes of DTH dwellers, 3) connecting or reconnect such residents, and 4) managing individual life recovery by providing disaster case management services. We focused on interim findings about life recovery process studies based on ethnographic and community-based participatory research and implications regarding DTH residents’ valuations in terms of rank-ordering the seven critical elements (SCEs) for life recovery. We compare their situation to that of survivors of the 1995 Kobe earthquake.

Long-term Life Recovery Processes Among Survivors of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake: 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005 Life Recovery Social Survey Results

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Tatsuki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Community Rebuilding

This paper summarizes findings from life recovery surveys conducted in 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005 among 1995 Kobe earthquake survivors. The 1999 survey (N=915) developed some of the key scales for the project, including life recovery, physical and psychological stress, family relations, and civic-mindedness. The 2001 study (N=1203) integrated 1999 study findings and those from 1999 grassroots assessment of life recovery, from which a seven critical element model of life recovery was constructed. The effects of these seven critical elements on life recovery were empirically tested and validated by general linear model (GLM) analysis. The 2003 (N=1203) and 2005 (N=1028) studies focused both on life recovery outcomes and on intervening life recovery processes. Structural equation modeling (SEM) identified causal links among recovery-promotion factors, recovery processes such as event impact stabilization, and event evaluation through community empowerment, and recovery outcomes. Event impact was a process through which impact caused by earthquake damage, loss, and/or stress was alleviated by housing, household finances, and stress management. Through event evaluation, social ties and community rebuilding efforts directly or indirectly facilitated the reframing of earthquake experiences into positive narratives. Research and policy implications of these findings are discussed in the end.

Current Status and Issues of Life Recovery Process Three Years After the Great East Japan Earthquake Questionnaire Based on Subjective Estimate of Victims Using Life Recovery Calendar Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 673-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reo Kimura ◽  
◽  
Kota Tomoyasu ◽  
Yutaka Yajima ◽  
Hitomi Mashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Current Status ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Five Phases

This paper clarifies recovery status and life recovery processes based on victims’ feelings following the March 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. Specifically, a questionnaires were given to about 3,000 quake victims to determine their status and any issues they may have had. The overall recovery picture was obtained using measurement called a “recovery calendar.” The structure of the recovery process was compared to disasters such as the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake in 1995. The recovery calendar indicated that 80% of respondents felt that local activities have not been restored to their original state and saw themselves as victims three years after the earthquake, indicating that recovery had progressed slower than it had following the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. In a comparison of the three prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima, Iwate and Miyagi displayed the same recovery trends. Fukushima recovered later than the other two prefectures. For the item “The local economy was no longer influenced by the earthquake,” it was indicated that the economic situation in Iwate was worse than that in Miyagi or Fukushima. General characteristics of the life recovery process were also investigated through a comparison to other earthquake and water disasters. Life recovery proceeded in five phases: 1) Victims prepared to have an uncomfortable life for a while and understood the extent of the damage. 2) Victims felt safe and office and school activities had resumed. 3) Everyday life settled down, housing problems were finally settled, and personal financial situations were no longer influenced by the earthquake. 4) Respondents no longer defined themselves as victims. 5) The local economy was no longer influenced by the earthquake. In cluster analysis for classifying life recovery processes, 12 items were classified into five clusters corresponding to the above five phases, statistically showing that victims’ lives recovered through these phases. As a result of decision tree analysis for predicting causes of “they no longer defined themselves as victims” in an attempt to organize life recovery processes, the same structure of life recovery processes was found as for the three-layer recovery model of the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. In short, physical and economic recovery such as of houses and regions was achieved based on the reconstruction of infrastructures, followed by the achievement of life recovery. It is predicted and proposed that life recovery in areas affected by the Great East Japan earthquake took the course of infrastructure reconstruction at first, then achieved physical recovery in local areas by supporting house recovery on a parallel with economic support. To achieve them, a long-term plan from a perspective of at least 10 years is required, as was the case of the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake.

A Decision Methodology for Determining Suitable Post-Disaster Accommodations: Reconsidering Effective Indicators for Decision-making Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Amin Hosseini ◽  
Albert de la Fuente ◽  
Oriol Pons ◽  
Carmen Mendoza Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractOne of the main challenges in assisting displaced persons who have lost their homes as a result of a natural hazard is the provision of adequate post-disaster accommodations, such as temporary housing. Although the need for temporary housing has increased around the world in recent years, it has been criticized on economic, environmental, and social grounds. A universal approach to post-disaster accommodations cannot successfully deal with this issue because each recovery process involves a unique set of conditions. Therefore, rather than defining a specific strategy, this study aims to present an approach capable of producing customized strategies based on contextual and social conditions. To this end, first, the main factors influencing the choice of post-disaster accommodations are identified through five case studies. It is concluded that all of the factors can be organized into three main vertices to simplify the highly complex issues involved in post-disaster accommodations. The case studies also show that the decision-making process consists of two main parts. To date, a recurring failure to distinguish between these two parts has led to unsuitable outcomes. Thus, this paper presents a new decision-making methodology, consisting of multiple steps, phases, and indicators based on the main vertices.

Performance and inhibition recovery of anammox reactors seeded with different types of sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Q. Ni ◽  
J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In order to study the performance, inhibition and recovery processes of different types of anammox sludge, three up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were inoculated with flocculent sludge, granular sludge, and cultured inactive methanogenic granules. During stable period, with nitrogen loading rates of 0.9–1.1 kg/m3/d, the total nitrogen removal efficiencies of these reactors averaged at 86.5%, 90.8% and 93.5%, respectively. The kinetics study indicated that the reactor seeded with cultured inactive methanogenic granules possessed the highest nitrogen removal potential, followed by the granular anammox reactor and the flocculent anammox reactor. The study suggested that a concentration as high as 988.3 mg NH4+-N/L and 484.4 mg NO2−-N/L could totally inhibit granular anammox bacteria and result in a inhibition of 50% flocculent anammox activity. In addition, reactors seeded with flocculent sludge and anammox granules could be fully recovered by decreasing their influent substrate concentrations. However, the decrease of influent substrate concentration for the reactor with cultured inactive methanogenic granules could only restore about 75% of its bacterial activity. In this study, anammox bacteria purity was the major factor to evaluate the recovery ability in comparison with sludge type. Free ammonia was a more appropriate indicator for the anammox recovery process compared to free nitric acid.

An ammonia detecting mechanism for organic transistors as revealed by their recovery processes

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 8832-8839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Kaifeng Niu ◽  
Zi Wang ◽  
Lizhen Huang ◽  
Lifeng Chi
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Organic Transistors ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Organic Transistor

An ammonia detecting mechanism that involved pre-doping and de-doping was revealed by the recovery process of an organic transistor.

scholarly journals Building trust and recovery capital: the professionals’ helpful practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Topor ◽  
Lisa Skogens ◽  
Ninive von Greiff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Personal Capital ◽  
Recovery Capital ◽  
Relationship Capital

Purpose The possibility of recovery for persons with co-occurring addiction and mental health problems has been contested. Though, recent studies show that recovery might happen, but without connection to specific treatment interventions. The purpose of this paper is to analyse professionals’ perceptions of their contribution to improvement. Design/methodology/approach In all, 15 experienced professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Recovery processes were dependent of the persons’ access to different forms of recovery capital (RC). Lack of RC was often associated with lack of trust in one’s self and others (identity and personal capital). Professionals had to be accepted as trustful agents through co-creating changes in the person’s life. Trusting a professional might be a basis for trusting one’s self as an agent in one’s recovery process and develop a social network (identity and relationship capital). Other aspects stressed by the professionals were to manage their own fragmentized organisations and societal shortcomings (economic capital). Practical implications Recovery has been described as a profoundly individual journey. However, it is also deeply social, involving other persons and contextual factors. Focusing on just one level might counteract the complex work behind double recovery. Originality/value Improvement was described as dependent on the presence of personal, inter-personal, organisational and societal factors. The findings give a deep and concrete understanding of the process constituting the development of a working alliance and its dependence on factors outside the direct relation between the staff member and the person.

A Mathematical Model to Predict Solvent/Steam Flashing in Pure Solvent or Solvent/Steam Coinjection in Horizontal Producers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazda Irani ◽  
Nasser Sabet ◽  
Farzad Bashtani ◽  
Kousha Gohari
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Liquid Pool ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Flow Control Devices ◽  
Pure Solvent ◽  
Control Devices

Summary Although the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process is still the preferred thermal-recovery process method for Athabascan deposits in Alberta, Canada, the interest in solvent-based techniques is growing due to reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions and water treatment concerns. In SAGD process, the thermodynamic trapping or subcool trapping is quite efficient due to strongly dependency of bitumen viscosity to temperature. As Irani (2018) discussed subcool trapping for solvent applications such NsolvTM recovery process is inefficient due to week dependency of solvent viscosity to temperature. Other factor that effects the efficiency of the thermodynamic trapping is that the pure solvent injection recovery processes are operated at low pressure and it is not large temperature window for operators to apply large subcools. Such challenges make the pure solvent injection recovery processes a perfect case for deployment of Flow-Control-Devices (FCDs). FCDs have demonstrated significant potential for improving recovery in SAGD production wells. FCD experience in SAGD has been primarily positive and most producers performed better with FCDs. Application of FCDs are even more important in pure-solvent injection recovery processes due to large amount of solvent in the liquid pool and also low latent heat of solvent in comparison of water. With FCDs, the draw-down pressure is typically higher, resulting in flashing near the well bore, which is largely correlated to latent heat of the main fluid in the liquid pool. The flashing creates either steam or vapour breakthrough that causes the reduction in the relative permeability of the liquid phase. Such mobility reduction creates new equilibrium that stabilizes at lower rates. Such new equilibrium analysis is conducted by forcing a new temperature gradient to the model. Such condition creates an environment that leads into extensive solvent-breakthrough called solvent-coning in this study. The main output of such analysis is the produced solvent gas-fraction produced at the sand-face. The gas-fraction is an important input for the flow control devices (FCDs) especially at subcools close to the zero, as it controls its behavior. EoS model is also created and simplified to be possible to used in defining different equilibrium conditions. This type of analysis can help the operators evaluate the effectiveness of different type of FCDs, whether they are primarily momentum- or friction-style devices for application of the pure solvent injection recovery processes. This study is the first of its kind that couple the EoS and Darcy flow in the liquid pool. The model includes all the factors into a liquid-relative-permeability, and limitation of the liquid flow into producer is modeled by Darcy flow and reduction of such relative-permeability.

Hurricane Harvey's Aftermath

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Matthew L. Spialek
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Race And Place ◽  
Coastal Residents ◽  
Insight Into

Early June begins the Southern Hemisphere hurricane season. Stretching into November, it can often be a time of weary waiting and cautious optimism for coastal residents. Clear skies and calm seas can quickly give way to disaster. On August 27, 2017, a Category 4 hurricane (Harvey), targeting the Texas Gulf Coast and packing winds of over 130 miles per hour, wreaked havoc and created a path of destruction with bands of rain that seemingly went on forever. Lives were lost, neighborhoods devastated, resiliency cracked; yet people continued helping each other, and the recovery process began. Fitzpatrick and Spialek tell a complicated story of heartache, destruction, resiliency, recovery, and hope. Through over 300 interviews from Hurricane Harvey survivors living along the Texas Gulf Coast, their stories tell an all-too-familiar tale. Interviewing survivors with diverse displacement experiences, the authors create a narrative around who, what, where, and why residents sought refuge in shelters, hotels, and other alternative locations. Some residents have since moved back. Others have been rebuilding for months and even years. And there are some residents who will never return home. Their stories, circumstances, and insight into the recovery processes are all very different, yet intimately tied together through an understanding of how race and place come to define their experiences. This book tells survivors’ stories while emphasizing that who those survivors were and where they lived had a major impact on these tales of destruction, resiliency, and recovery.

scholarly journals Recovery processes among young adults treated for alcohol and other drug problems: A five-year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-351
Author(s):  
Lisa Skogens ◽  
Ninive von Greiff
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Aim: Studies on recovery from alcohol and other drugs (AOD) among young adults are scarce. In the present study, young adults, previously interviewed with a focus on their recovery process shortly after they completed treatment, were re-interviewed five years later focusing on their recovery process during the last five years in relation to their former AOD problems, other problems and processes of change. Methods: Twenty-one young adults were interviewed: 16 women and five men aged between 25 and 33 years. After transcribing the interviews, the material was analysed thematically. Results: Three overall themes emerged: previous problems, mental illness and the search for identity. The results were discussed in relation to recovery capital, primarily focusing on human and social capital. The results indicate that the group in focus often needs professional support for mental health issues in order to reach a stable recovery. Conclusions: Since the problems described were heterogeneous, this client group might benefit from individual treatment and extended support after treatment. Further, the results indicate that the established period of five years for a stable recovery might need to be extended for young adults.

Who We Are

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Matthew L. Spialek
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Before And After

Chapter two describes the methodological framework and design for this project. The authors present a discussion of the methods used to select persons for both face-to-face interviews and online surveys, along with the follow-up strategies used to talk with civilians and organizational officials involved in the recovery process. This chapter discusses both the approach to the data collection, as well as what specific data the authors were interested in acquiring as it pertained to understanding how displacement and recovery processes varied across individual survivors. Finally, the chapter discusses in detail the numerous strategies employed to tell the survivors’ stories—pictures, maps, tables, charts, and narratives, along with additional data from secondary sources to help characterize the places where survivors were living both before and after the disaster.

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