scholarly journals Simulation of the Injection of 25 MW Photovoltaic Energy Production: Analysis of the Impacts on the Grid of the Société Béninoise d'Energie Electrique (SBEE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
FANNOU Jean-Louis Comlan ◽  
SEMASSOU Guy Clarence ◽  
DANGNON Emmanuel ◽  
ADJALLA Dieudonné K ◽  
GEGAN Gérard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Micro Power ◽  
Electricity Network

In order to make up its energy deficit and reduce its energy imports from neighbouring countries, Benin is opting for the construction of photovoltaic solar micro-power plants in the sunniest regions and to consider injecting it into the existing electricity grid if this locally produced energy is not entirely consumed. With this in mind, a decentralised electricity production project has been initiated. In particular, the project, which is the subject of this presentation, aims to simulate and analyse the impacts of injecting 25 MW of photovoltaic energy production into the existing national electricity grid of the Société Béninoise d'Energie Electrique (SBEE). For this purpose, the dimensioning of the 25MW power plant has been carried out and injected at a specific point of the 20kVA line of the existing electricity network in the NEPLAN software environment, while respecting the requirements for injecting photovoltaic energy into an existing electricity network. Only extreme operating configurations have been studied: the synchronous hollow and synchronous point configuration. Simulation results showed overloads on certain transformer stations in the network, which indicates that adjustments must be made before the actual injection of the electricity produced. Besides, the power grid did not experience any disturbance in the voltage plan and power flows. Finally, the simulations carried out led to the conclusion that the integration of solar PV plants will make it possible to limit the import of energy from Ghana and Nigeria.

scholarly journals Analysis of Electric Vehicles Efficiency and their Influence on Environmental Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Mirosław Karczewski ◽  
Leszek Szczęch ◽  
Filip Polak ◽  
Szymon Brodowski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning

AbstractElectric vehicles are increasingly present on the roads of the whole world. They have the opinion of ecological vehicles, not polluting the environment. Society is more and more often persuaded to buy electric cars as an environmentally friendly solution but is this for sure? Electric cars need quite a lot of electricity accumulated in batteries to drive on a long range. During the charging process, this energy is obtained from the electricity network, to where it is supplied by power plant. Electricity production from renewable sources is a privilege for the rare. However, electric cars are charged from the electricity grid, which in large part energy comes from non-renewable fuels. The efficiency of energy production in power plants and the energy transmission and conversion chain causes that only part of the energy produced in this way goes to the vehicle’s wheels. Although the power plants are equipped with more and more efficient exhaust gas cleaning systems, they do not clean them up to 100%. Sulphur, nitrogen, mercury and heavy metals remain in the exhaust. The article is an attempt to answer the question whether the total emission of toxic components associated with the use of an electric vehicle is not bigger than in a traditional internal combustion engine.

scholarly journals Economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

In 2017, electricity generation from renewable sources contributed more than one quarter (30.7%) to total EU-28 gross electricity consumption. Wind power is for the first time the most important source, followed closely by hydro power. The growth in electricity from photovoltaic energy has been dramatic, rising from just 3.8 TWh in 2007, reaching a level of 119.5 TWh in 2017. Over this period, the contribution of photovoltaic energy to all electricity generated in the EU-28 from renewable energy sources increased from 0.7% to 12.3%. During this period the investment cost of a photovoltaic power plant has decreased considerably. Fundamentally, the cost of solar panels and inverters has decreased by more than 50%. The solar photovoltaic energy potential depends on two parameters: global solar irradiation and photovoltaic panel efficiency. The average solar irradiation in Spain is 1,600 kWh m-2. This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain. Equivalent hours between 800-1,800 h year-1 and output power between 100-400 MW have been considered. The profitability analysis has been carried out considering different prices of the electricity produced in the daily market (50-60 € MWh-1). Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were estimated for all scenarios analyzed. A solar PV power plant with 400 MW of power and 1,800 h year-1, reaches a NPV of 196 M€ and the IRR is 11.01%.

scholarly journals The bright side of PV production in snow-covered mountains

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelen Kahl ◽  
Jérôme Dujardin ◽  
Michael Lehning
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Temporal Production ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Spatial Estimates ◽  
High Elevations

Our work explores the prospect of bringing the temporal production profile of solar photovoltaics (PV) into better correlation with typical electricity consumption patterns in the midlatitudes. To do so, we quantify the potential of three choices for PV installations that increase production during the winter months when electricity is most needed. These are placements that favor (i) high winter irradiance, (ii) high ground-reflected radiation, and (iii) steeper-than-usual panel tilt angles. In addition to spatial estimates of the production potential, we compare the performance of different PV placement scenarios in urban and mountain environments for the country of Switzerland. The results show that the energy deficit in a future fully renewable production from wind power, hydropower, and geothermal power could be significantly reduced when solar PV is installed at high elevations. Because the temporal production patterns match the typical demand more closely than the production in urban environments, electricity production could be shifted from summer to winter without reducing the annual total production. Such mountain installations require significantly less surface area and, combined with steeper panel tilt angles, up to 50% of the winter deficit in electricity production can be mediated.

scholarly journals Utilization of Crop Residue for Power Generation: The Case of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Jiang ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Oleksandr Klymchuk ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko ◽  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation

Renewable energy is expected to play a significant role in power generation. The European Union, the USA, China, and others, are striving to limit the use of energy crop for energy production and to increase the use of crop residue both on the field and for energy generation processes. Therefore, crop residue may become a major energy source, with Ukraine following this course. Currently in Ukraine, renewable power generation does not exceed 10% of total electricity production. Despite a highly developed agriculture sector, there are only a small number of biomass power plants which burn crop residues. To identify possibilities for renewable power generation, the quantity of crop residues, their energy potential, and potential electricity generation were appraised. Cluster analysis was used to identify regions with the highest electricity consumption and crop residue energy potential. The major crops (wheat, barley, rapeseed, sunflower, and soybean) were considered in this study. A national production of crop residue for energy production of 48.66 million tons was estimated for 2018. The availability of crop residues was analyzed taking into account the harvest, residue-to-crop ratio, and residue removal rate. The crop residue energy potential of Ukraine has been estimated at 774.46 PJ. Power generation technologies have been analyzed. This study clearly shows that crop residue may generate between 27 and 108 billion kWh of power. We have selected preferable regions for setting up crop residue power plants. The results may be useful for the development of energy policy and helpful for investors in considering power generation projects.

scholarly journals Environmental costs estimation and mathematical model of marginal social cost: A case study of coal power plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Toyese Oyewo ◽  
Odunayo Magret Olarewaju ◽  
Melanie Bernice Cloete ◽  
Olukorede Tijani Adenuga
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Coal Power

An increase in electricity production is proportional to environmental risks due to continuous energy production. The paper aims to quantitatively estimate the environmental costs and mathematically model the marginal social cost associated with the lifespan of the coal power plants. Results revealed South Africa Tier 1 company optimum level of electricity production per annum at around 2.15 gigawatts, considering the emission costs and reasonable profit. 85% of the total emissions during the combustion phase average cost of the C02 emission discharged by coal is calculated as 0.23c/KWh, 0.085c/kWh is calculated for NO2, while SO2 is 0.035c/KWh. Total emission cost represents 69.2% of the total cost of producing 1 MGW of electricity. The results confirmed the company losses to be insignificantly considerable to the evaluated environmental costs and capital investment. However, the use of this newly developed mathematical model depends on the source of energy production to confirm the feasibility and profitability of investment in coal-powered stations using environmental management accounting and marginal social cost approaches. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to acknowledge the National Research Foundation and Durban University of Technology for financial support.

Water, Energy, and Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Kundis Craig
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Thermoelectric Power Plants

The water–energy nexus describes the reality that the provision of water always requires energy, while the production of most forms of energy requires significant amounts of water, particularly electricity production in thermoelectric power plants. As a result, electricity production and water supply are always intimately related, and changes in one of these arenas directly affect the other. However, law and policy rarely acknowledge this technology-mediated interrelationship, even though climate change will impose increasing stresses on both sides of the equation. While technology can help to mitigate these stresses, water law and energy policy could both do more to consider the trade-offs among water supply, energy production, and environmental protection.

Analisis Teknis-Ekonomi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid Solar PV/Biogas off Grid System

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
R. Reski Eka Putra ◽  
Susi Afriani ◽  
Nanda Putri Miefthawati ◽  
Marhama Jelita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Certified Emission Reduction ◽  
Generating System

ABSTRACTReliability of the electric power system and fulfil the certification of sustainable industries in the palm oil industry are offered by utilizing the potential of renewable energy sources as power plants. This research is aimed to analyze the technical and economic aspects of the Solar PV-Biogas power plant at PT. TBS. The method used in this research is hybrid parallel with the off grid network system. In manual calculations showed an optimal generating system consisting of an anaerobic digester with a lagoon capacity of 28,934.81 m3, 1,560 kW biogas generator, 4,040.22 kWp PV array, 2000 kW bidirectional inverter, and 10,125 units of batteries with capacity of 1,547Ah. Then the system is evaluated using HOMER Pro software with project lifetime of 20 years, and the total electricity production obtained during the life of the project is able to supply loads continuously with an average excess electricity about 25.23%/years of total production. Meanwhile, in the economic analysis of hybrid power plants require an initial investment (NPC) of Rp.233,553,169,589.30, with total CO2 emissions of POME 44,073.75 tons/year, then the cost of Certified Emission Reduction is obtained about Rp.6,611,062,500/year. The calculation of economic feasibility results in a Net Present Value of Rp.136.266.578.753, Payback Period of 13,8 years, and an Internal Rate of Return of 9,41%. Based on the result of techno-economic analysis in the research, it can be concluded that this hybrid generating system has the potential to be developed for study that is more detailed if it is to be implemented.Keywords: HOMER Pro, Off-grid, PT. TBS, Solar PV/Biogas, Techno-economic.

scholarly journals The transient stability analysis of wind turbines interconected to grid under fault

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Anass Gourma ◽  
Abdelmajid Berdai ◽  
Moussa Reddak
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Rotor Angle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Wind farm has been growing in recent years due to its very competitive electricity production cost. Wind generators have gone from a few kilowatts to megawatts. However, the participation of the wind turbine in the stability of the electricity grid is a critical point to check, knowing that the electricity grid is meshed, any change in active and reactive flux at the network level affects its stability. With a rate of 50% wind turbine penetration into the electricity grid, the stability of the rotor angle is a dynamic phenomenon which is only visible by the variation of the active energy. The purpose of this journal is to verify the impact of wind turbine integration on an electrical grid, by exploiting the relationship between the reactive energy produced by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator equipping most wind energy systems, and the stability of the rotor angle of the synchronous generators equipping the conventional power plants in the electrical system.

scholarly journals The Combination of Building Greenery and Photovoltaic Energy Production—A Discussion of Challenges and Opportunities in Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Irene Zluwa ◽  
Ulrike Pitha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Surfaces

In the case of building surfaces, the installation of green roofs or green facades can be used to reduce the temperature of the environment and the building. In addition, introducing photovoltaic energy production will help to reduce CO2 emissions. Both approaches (building greenery and photovoltaic energy production) compete, as both of them are located on the exterior of buildings. This paper aims to give an overview of solutions for the combination of building greenery (BG) systems and photovoltaic (PV) panels. Planning principles for different applications are outlined in a guideline for planning a sustainable surface on contemporary buildings. A comprehensive literature review was done. Identified solutions of combinations were systematically analysed and discussed in comparison with additional relevant literature. The main findings of this paper were: (A) BG and PV systems with low sub-construction heights require shallow substrates/low growing plants, whereas in the case of the combination of (a semi)-intensive GR system, a distance of a minimum 60 cm between the substrate surface and lower panel edge is recommended; (B) The cooling effect of the greenery depends on the distance between the PV and the air velocity; (C) if the substrate is dry, there is no evapotranspiration and therefore no cooling effect; (D) A spectrum of different PV systems, sub-constructions, and plants for the combination of BG and PV is necessary and suitable for different applications shown within the publication.

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