scholarly journals From electronic navigational chart data to sea-bottom models: Kriging approaches for the Bay of Pozzuoli

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Emanuele Alcaras ◽  
Claudio Parente ◽  
Andrea Vallario
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Universal Kriging ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Variogram Models ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Electronic Chart

<p class="Abstract">Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs), official databases created by a national hydrographic office and included in Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), supply, among essential indications for safe navigation, data about sea-bottom morphology in terms of depth points and isolines. Those data are very useful to build bathymetric 3D models: applying interpolation methods, it is possible to produce a continuous representation of the seafloor for supporting studies concerning different aspects of a marine area, such as directions and intensity of currents, sensitivity of habitats and species, etc. Many interpolation methods are available in literature for bathymetric data modelling: among them kriging ones are extremely performing, but require deep analysis to define input parameters, i.e. semi-variogram models. This paper aims to analyze kriging approaches for depth data concerning the Bay of Pozzuoli. The attention is focused on the role of semi-variogram models for Ordinary and Universal kriging. Depth data included in two ENCs, namely IT400129 and IT400130, are processed using Geostatistical Analyst, an extension of ArcGIS 10.3.1 (ESRI). The results testify the relevance of the choice of the mathematical functions of the semi-variogram: Stable Model supplies, for this case study, the best performance in terms of depth accuracy for both Ordinary and Universal kriging.</p>

The Navigation Sensor System Interface Project

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Nautical Chart ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Paper Chart ◽  
Electronic Chart ◽  
New System

The AN/SSN-6 Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) Project is a new system being designed with two primary objectives; to serve as the central distribution computer for navigation data to shipboard combat/weapon systems and to serve as the electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS). The NAVSSI will operate the digital nautical chart (DNC) database being developed by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). Our goal is for the digital nautical chart to replace the paper chart as a legal means of ownship navigation plotting. This paper will introduce the project and will primarily explore the use of digital nautical charts for ownship navigation with NAVSSI.

scholarly journals UAV Monitoring of Excavation Works

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Shults ◽  
Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova ◽  
Shugyla Burlibayeva ◽  
Daria Skopinova ◽  
Roman Demianenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
Construction Works

The first stage of any construction is carrying out excavation works. These works are high-priced and timeconsuming. Mostly, for geodetic control of the works, the surveyors are using total stations and GNSS equipment. Last decade, UAV technology was a breakthrough in the geodetic technologies market. One of the possible applications of UAV is the monitoring of excavation works. In the article, the opportunities and accuracy of UAV data while performing the excavation works were studied. The surveying of earth volume in the middle of construction works was made using DJI Phantom 4 UAV. The data were being processed using two photogrammetric software: Agisoft Metashape and PhotoModeler Premium. For comparison, the surveying also was made using a conventional total station. For each data source, the 3D models were generated. The obtained models were compared with each other in CloudCompare software. The comparison revealed the high accuracy of UAV data that satisfies customer’s requirements. For the case of two software comparing, it is better to process data using PhotoModeler. The PhotoModeler software allows performing in-depth data analysis and blunders searching.

scholarly journals Aiming for the Optimum: Examining Complex Relationships Between Sampling Regime, Sampling Density and Landscape Complexity to Accurately Model Resource Availability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira L. Parsons ◽  
Melanie R. Boudreau ◽  
Brandi B. Karisch ◽  
Amanda E. Stone ◽  
Durham Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighting ◽  
Universal Kriging ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Inverse Distance

Abstract Context Obtaining accurate maps of landscape features often requires intensive spatial sampling and interpolation. The data required to generate reliable interpolated maps varies with spatial scale and landscape heterogeneity. However, there has been no rigorous examination of sampling density relative to landscape characteristics and interpolation methods.ObjectivesOur objective was to characterize the 3-way relationship among sampling density, interpolation method, and landscape heterogeneity on interpolation accuracy in simulated and in situ landscapes. MethodsWe simulated landscapes of variable heterogeneity and sampled at increasing densities using both systematic and random strategies. We applied each of three local interpolation methods: Inverse Distance Weighting, Universal Kriging, and Nearest Neighbor — to the sampled data and estimated accuracy (R2) between interpolated surfaces and the original surface. Finally, we applied these analyses to in situ data, using a normalized difference vegetation index raster collected from pasture with various resolutions.Results All interpolation methods and sampling strategies resulted in similar accuracy; however, low heterogeneity yielded the highest R2 values at high sampling densities. In situ results showed that Universal Kriging performed best with systematic sampling, and inverse distance weighting with random sampling. Heterogeneity decreased with resolution, which increased accuracy of all interpolation methods. Landscape heterogeneity had the greatest effect on accuracy.ConclusionsHeterogeneity of the original landscape is the most significant factor in determining the accuracy of interpolated maps. There is a need to create structured tools to aid in determining sampling design most appropriate for interpolation methods across landscapes of various heterogeneity.

scholarly journals The Universal Kriging Mapping of the Neogene EL-markers Rs5 and Δ, Northern Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Mesić Kiš ◽  
Tomislav Malvić
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Universal Kriging ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
Northern Croatia ◽  
Polygon Method ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe area of the Bjelovar Subdepression in Northern Croatia, which represents the southwestern part of Drava’s depression, has been analysed. More than 700 depth data were collected in a regular grid covering the existing structural maps of e-log markers Rs5, Z’ and Δ, with cells 2 x 2 km in size. For zonal assessment, Thiessen polygon method was used as introductory analysis preceding Kriging interpolation on regional scale. The emphasis was on OK and UK interpolation, their comparison and selection of most appropriate method for mapping. Crossvalidation results proved UK technique to be the most appropriate in mapping of e-log markers Rs5 and Δ, thus acquiring the most accurate maps so far of the analysed Neogene area.

Feature-Based Real-Time Visual SLAM Using Kinect

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2651-2654
Author(s):  
Yan Song ◽  
Bo He
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Microsoft Kinect ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Visual Slam ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Feature Based

In this paper, a novel feature-based real-time visual Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system is proposed. This system generates colored 3-D reconstruction models and 3-D estimated trajectory using a Kinect style camera. Microsoft Kinect, a low priced 3-D camera, is the only sensor we use in our experiment. Kinect style sensors give RGB-D (red-green-blue depth) data which contains 2D image and per-pixel depth information. ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) is the algorithm used to extract image features for speed up the whole system. Our system can be used to generate 3-D detailed reconstruction models. Furthermore, an estimated 3D trajectory of the sensor is given in this paper. The results of the experiments demonstrate that our system performs robustly and effectively in both getting detailed 3D models and mapping camera trajectory.

scholarly journals Raster charting products in an ENC-first era

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Christie Ence ◽  
Shachak Pe&amp;apos;eri ◽  
John Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Electronic Chart ◽  
Navigational Systems ◽  
Marine Navigation

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Nautical charts are an essential tool for marine navigation. Despite the introduction of global positioning systems (GPS) and electronic navigational tools that present navigation data in a vector format on a display, paper charts are still the preferred choice for many mariners. Interestingly, since the introduction of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) more than thirty years ago, the size of commercial vessels has increased more than four-fold, modern navigational systems have become more sophisticated, and recreational boaters have joined professional mariners in using electronic chart displays. Marine and coastal users of all types are expecting higher resolution and more precision in location of the charted features, and shorter update times for data sources to be published on the chart. With NOAA’s new plan to “standardized, consistent gridded framework” that is optimized for digital displays, it leaves the future of paper charts in question. In order to support a raster-based maintenance system, it is now possible to translate encoding attributes of vector objects into standardized chart symbols and labels. Thus, simplifying workflow processes for paper and raster chart production. This paper discusses NOAA Marine Chart Division’s raster workflow in an ENC-first production line. The paper reviews the benefits of the new desktop tools and web-services for providing chart updates in a timely manner for a broader community.</p>

scholarly journals VAULT MODELING WITH NEURAL NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
L. Barazzetti ◽  
M. Previtali
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Digital Reconstruction

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Nowadays, the digital reconstruction of vaults is carried out using photogrammetric and laser scanning techniques able to capture the visible surface with dense point clouds. Then, different modeling strategies allow the generation of 3D models in various formats, such as meshes that interpolates the acquired point cloud, NURBS-based reconstructions based on manual, semi-automated, or automated procedures, and parametric objects for Building Information Modeling. This paper proposes a novel method that reconstructs the visible surface of a vault using neural networks. It is based on the assumption that vaults are not irregular free-form objects, but they can be reconstructed by mathematical functions calculated from the acquired point clouds. The proposed approach uses the point cloud to train a neural network that approximates vault surface. The achieved solution is not only able to consider the basic geometry of the vault, but also its irregularities that cannot be neglected in the case of accurate and detailed modeling projects of historical vaults. Considerations on the approximation capabilities of neural networks are illustrated and discussed along with the advantages of creating a mathematical representation encapsulated into a function.</p>

scholarly journals The Marine Safety Simulation based Electronic Chart Display and Information System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xin Yu Zhang ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Jin YiCheng ◽  
XiaoFeng Sun ◽  
Ren HongXiang
Keyword(s):  
Route Planning ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Electronic Chart ◽  
Coordinate Conversion ◽  
Marine Safety ◽  
Route Monitoring ◽  
Navigation Safety

Navigation safety has a huge impact on the world economy and our everyday lives. One navigation safety simulation model in ECDIS based on international standard format (S-57) is put forward, which is mainly involved in route plan and route monitoring. The universal kriging interpolation is used in the route planning and to compute the water depth of any place in the sea bottom. The man-machine conversation method is taken to amend planned route to obtain autodeciding of feasibility according to ECDIS information, and the route monitoring algorithm is improved by enhancing its precision caused by screen coordinate conversion. The DCQA (distance close quarters situation of approach) model and TCQA (time close quarters situation of approach) model are adopted to judge if the close quarters situation or the risk of collision between own ship and target ship is emerging. All these methods are proven to be reliable through the navigation simulator made by Dalian Maritime University which is certified by DNV to class A.

scholarly journals Scale Accuracy Evaluation of Image-Based 3D Reconstruction Strategies Using Laser Photogrammetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klemen Istenič ◽  
Nuno Gracias ◽  
Aurélien Arnaubec ◽  
Javier Escartín ◽  
Rafael Garcia
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
A Priori ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Laser Spot ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Automatic Scale ◽  
Combining Data

Rapid developments in the field of underwater photogrammetry have given scientists the ability to produce accurate 3D models which are now increasingly used in the representation and study of local areas of interest. This paper addresses the lack of systematic analysis of 3D reconstruction and navigation fusion strategies, as well as associated error evaluation of models produced at larger scales in GPS-denied environments using a monocular camera (often in deep sea scenarios). Based on our prior work on automatic scale estimation of SfM-based 3D models using laser scalers, an automatic scale accuracy framework is presented. The confidence level for each of the scale error estimates is independently assessed through the propagation of the uncertainties associated with image features and laser spot detections using a Monte Carlo simulation. The number of iterations used in the simulation was validated through the analysis of the final estimate behavior. To facilitate the detection and uncertainty estimation of even greatly attenuated laser beams, an automatic laser spot detection method was developed, with the main novelty of estimating the uncertainties based on the recovered characteristic shapes of laser spots with radially decreasing intensities. The effects of four different reconstruction strategies resulting from the combinations of Incremental/Global SfM, and the a priori and a posteriori use of navigation data were analyzed using two distinct survey scenarios captured during the SUBSAINTES 2017 cruise (doi: 10.17600/17001000). The study demonstrates that surveys with multiple overlaps of nonsequential images result in a nearly identical solution regardless of the strategy (SfM or navigation fusion), while surveys with weakly connected sequentially acquired images are prone to produce broad-scale deformation (doming effect) when navigation is not included in the optimization. Thus the scenarios with complex survey patterns substantially benefit from using multiobjective BA navigation fusion. The errors in models, produced by the most appropriate strategy, were estimated at around 1 % in the central parts and always inferior to 5 % on the extremities. The effects of combining data from multiple surveys were also evaluated. The introduction of additional vectors in the optimization of multisurvey problems successfully accounted for offset changes present in the underwater USBL-based navigation data, and thus minimize the effect of contradicting navigation priors. Our results also illustrate the importance of collecting a multitude of evaluation data at different locations and moments during the survey.

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