TEE Simultaneous Multiplane Image of the ascending aorta. While the lumen of the aorta seems to be empty in a long axis view, the wire of the aortic occlusion device can be clearly detected in a short axis x-plane image.

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first-line imaging tool to assess aortic valve (AV), aorta, and subsequent aortic regurgitation (AR). The parasternal long-axis view is classically used to measure the left outflow tract, the aortic annulus, and the aortic sinuses. Leaflet thickening and morphology can be visualized from this window as well as from the parasternal short-axis view and the apical five-chamber view. Nevertheless, 2D TTE may be limited and not enabling correct identification of the anatomy and causes of AR. In this situation, 3D echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) could provide better delineation of the AV morphology. In some cases, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) could be required, more particularly for assessing the aortic root dimensions.

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Transthoracic examination

Echocardiography ◽

10.1093/med/9780198804161.003.0002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-126

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Right Ventricle ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Short Axis ◽

3D Image ◽

Chamber View ◽

Axis View

This chapter covers all aspects of transthoracic examination, including patient information, preparing machine and probe, probe handling and image quality, 2D image acquisition, 3D image acquisition, multiplane image acquisition, data acquisition, parasternal long axis view, parasternal right ventricle inflow view, parasternal right ventricle outflow view, parasternal short axis (aortic) view, parasternal short axis (mitral) view, parasternal short axis (ventricle) views, parasternal 3D views, apical 4-chamber view, apical 5-chamber view, apical 2-chamber view, apical 3-chamber view, apical 3D views, subcostal views, inferior vena cava view, abdominal aorta view, suprasternal view, right parasternal view, and standard examination.

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Acute infrarenal aortic occlusion

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2019-233238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. e233238

Author(s):

Brianna Barsanti-Innes ◽

Graham Roche-Nagle

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Aortic Occlusion ◽

Limb Ischaemia ◽

Perioperative Mortality ◽

Acute Limb Ischaemia ◽

The Wire ◽

Acute Aortic Occlusion

Acute aortic occlusion (AAO) is an uncommon but potentially devastating vascular emergency with reported perioperative mortality rates of up to 75%. We present the case of AAO in a 69-year-old woman who was transferred to our institution after presenting with sudden onset bilateral acute limb ischaemia. Imaging showed a completely obstructed aortoiliac segment with renal infarcts. She was treated successfully with aortoiliac over the wire thrombectomy.

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Echocardiographic two-dimensional view of the pulmonary valve in infants: the high transsternal view

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951115001845 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 790-792

Author(s):

Miguel A. Granados ◽

Leticia Albert ◽

Belén Toral

Keyword(s):

Older Patients ◽

Pulmonary Valve ◽

Thymus Gland ◽

Age Group ◽

Short Axis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Short Axis View ◽

Axis View

AbstractNeonates and small infants have unique characteristics that make it possible to obtain echocardiographic views that are inaccessible in older patients. A high transsternal approach through the cartilaginous sternum and the thymus gland allows visualisation of a short-axis view of the pulmonary valve. This view should be included as part of routine protocols for echocardiographic examinations performed in this age group.

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