scholarly journals Problems of Harmonization of the Normative Basis in the Sphere of the Sanitary Protection of the Territory of the Russian Federation with the Requirements of the World Trade Organization Agreements

2008 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. E. Shiyanova ◽  
V. P. Toporkov ◽  
S. N. Lutsenko ◽  
T. K. Merkulova ◽  
L. D. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
The Russian Federation

Accession of the Russian Federation to the World Trade Organization: A New Player Joins the Trade Game

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 321-365
Author(s):  
Kim Van der Borght
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Political Obligations ◽  
The World ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Russian Federation

To date, no country has taken longer to join the World Trade Organization than the Russian Federation despite the fact that the ussr (of which the Russian Federation is the legal successor) participated in the drafting conference of the Charter to the International Trade Organization, i.e., the original source of the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the later wto. While the ussr never joined the ito, Russia finally joined the wto in 2012, eighteen years after its first application had been made. The reasons for the lengthy accession process were partially economic, as the wto was established to remove trade impediments; however, the context also was highly politicized. The economic aspects of the wto accession process are the concessions made to existing members. These entail removing the cover offered to domestic producers by opening up to international competition. This process also has political aspects, as domestic lobbies representing economic sectors likely to suffer from an increasingly competitive international environment seek compensation. The politicization is facilitated by a custom contra legem in wto decision-making procedures that gives a de facto veto to existing members. Georgia used this to reassert its position on South Osetiia and Abkhaziia. China brought a border dispute into the process, and the us entangled the process in a broad-ranging debate linked to human rights. In joining the wto, a dual process of domestic and international negotiations results in the final package of commitments to which an acceding member needs to agree as it joins the wto. Part of our focus in this article will be on key economic and political obligations that the Russian Federation took upon itself by becoming a member of the wto.

Was the Way Really Long?

2012 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
S. Sutyrin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

18 years summer period of negotiations on the Russian Federation joining the World Trade Organization doesn't look like something extraordinary. It is clear that there exist not any rigid, objective criteria for a candidate to match. Actually, an applicant may rather quickly become a WTO member merely having agreed to implement all required changes relating to foreign trade regime and corresponding regulatory environment within a reasonable time. In case of Russia the purpose of negotiations was to assure accession conditions acceptable for the country. The results are to be estimated in the nearest future.

scholarly journals Ten Years Ago, the World Trade Organization Opened Its Doors to Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-237
Author(s):  
Alexey Portanskiy ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy Galchenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Modern Services

This article begins with a brief discussion of the background of the USSR/Russia rapprochement with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) and some of the acute problems of the negotiation process. It is argued that the Russian Federation has received acceptable, balanced conditions of membership. The advantages gained during the first years of WTO membership are listed, both for the national economy and in the foreign arena. However, it is shown that, 10 years later, the benefits of membership are significantly lower in comparison with initial projections. This gap is attributed to the state of the Russian economy and the extinction of the continuing economic model based on the extraction and export of raw materials. The Russian economy needs real structural reforms and modernization, which would change the structure of exports in favour of finished products and modern services. Only in this case can the benefits of WTO membership increase significantly, justifying the original forecast. The article concludes with a discussion of current challenges in the world economy and trade, the crisis experienced by the WTO, and the active position of the Russian Federation on the future reform of the WTO.

Re Review of Constitutionality of Article 1244(3) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 512-522
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Obligation ◽  
The Russian Federation

512Economics, trade and finance — World Trade Organization — Obligations of Russian Federation in relation to its accession to World Trade Organization — Obligation to amend system of non-contractual collective management of copyright and related rights — Russian law — Article 1244(3) of Civil Code of Russian Federation — Whether Constitutional Court may examine compliance of provisions of federal law with provisions of international law — Whether Constitutional Court may decide the question of implementation of obligations under international lawRelationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Russian Federation acceding to World Trade Organization — Obligations of Russian Federation — Constitution of Russian Federation — Article 15(4) of Constitution — International law forming part of Russian legal system — Provision of international agreement prevailing in case of inconsistency with domestic provision — Civil Code of Russian Federation — Article 1244(3) of Civil Code not amended in accordance with international obligation — Constitutionality of Article 1244(3) of Civil Code — Applicant court requesting Constitutional Court to review whether Article 1244(3) of Civil Code complying with Article 15(4) of Constitution — Whether international obligation directly applicable — Mode of implementation — Whether Constitutional Court having competence to decide — The law of the Russian Federation

Anti-Russian Sanctions: Damage to the Countries that Declared Them

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Community ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Damage ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Economic

Many states, pursuing their own political, economic, financial and ideological goals, have used all sorts of non-military methods and means of coercion of other states, international unions and organisations, and economic entities to perform actions that are desirable for states declared such sanctions. Such methods and means include various restrictions, prohibitions, blockades and unjustified tariffs. When asked about the consequences of sanctions imposed on someone, they usually refer to their negative impact on those to whom they are applied. However, the undesirable consequences of sanctions are also felt by those who apply them, as well as by other members of the world community that are not involved in such measures. That is why the author of this paper tried to estimate the losses which bear the states that declared anti-Russian sanctions. It is also essential because such sanctioning countries usually adhere to the principle “don’t hurt yourself”. So, the measures they take should not cause damage to their initiators (state, companies, corporations, etc.), especially irreparable damage. The author presented in this paper some results of the assessment of sanctioning countries’ losses incurred as a result of the reduction of their exports to Russia and imports from the Russian Federation. As a statistical basis for the calculations, the author used the data of the World Trade Organization for 2012–2017. The author has shown that the primary damage from the implementation of anti-Russian sanctions in the sphere of foreign trade in 2014–2017 was incurred not by their initiators, but by the countries that joined them. First of all, this applies to those countries that have developed more significant foreign trade relations with the Russian Federation, that is, who is more dependent on the volume of Russian exports and imports.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

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