scholarly journals Current Trends of Perfection of Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous Infectious Diseases

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Onischenko ◽  
B. P. Kouzkin ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev ◽  
S. A. Scherbakova ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
External Control ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

Considered in the article are current trends of perfection of laboratory diagnostics of particularly dangerous infectious diseases. They are as follows: development and practical introduction of laboratory diagnostics methods based on the modern diagnostic techniques, standardization of the laboratory investigations, accreditation of the laboratories carrying out laboratory diagnostics of particularly dangerous infectious diseases, perfection of the system of external control of the laboratory investigations quality, staff training.

scholarly journals Biosensors: Current State and Prospects of Applying in Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous Infectious Diseases

2009 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
D. V. Utkin ◽  
N. A. Ossina ◽  
V. E. Kouklev ◽  
P. S. Erokhin ◽  
S. A. Scherbakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Current State

The review presents the functional characteristics of the main types of biosensors: electrochemical, piezoelectric and optical. Shown are the examples of biosensors application for pathogenic biological agents detection. The prospects of biosensors development for laboratory diagnostics of particularly dangerous infectious diseases are discussed.

Attitudes towards and use of homoeoprophylaxis: findings of two international surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Issac Golden ◽  
Andrew Stranieri ◽  
Alia Al Nuaimat
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Context Of Use

Background: The use of homoeopathic remedies to prevent infectious diseases, homoeoprophylaxis (HP), was first described over 100 years ago. To date, no systematic studies have been performed to identify the attitudes that current practitioners hold about HP or current trends in the use of HP. Aims: This study aimed to discover attitudes to HP amongst accredited homeopathic practitioners particularly with respect to overall acceptance, context of use, and preferred remedies. Methodology: Two international surveys were conducted in 2014. Responses were received from 1,124 homeopaths in 35 countries; 104 of whom responded to both surveys. Results: A large proportion of respondents have positive attitudes to HP and currently use HP in their practice. However, responses also indicate that knowledge about HP is chequered. Confidence in the evidence base of HP also is variable. Conclusion: Results indicate that HP is widely practised, however, further research is needed to improve confidence in the evidence base of HP, and better programs are needed to ensure that education about HP is enhanced.

Proceedings of the seminar on Emerging Infectious Diseases, November 9, 2011: Current trends and proposals

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leport ◽  
J.-F. Guégan ◽  
P. Zylberman ◽  
D. Bitar ◽  
F. Bricaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Current Trends

scholarly journals Hemorrhagic colitis syndrome in children: the etiological structure in the infectious diseases clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
O. V. Molochkova ◽  
O. B. Kovalev ◽  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
A. A. Sakharova ◽  
N. V. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Hemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mesenteric Adenitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The range of differential diagnostic search in the development of hemorrhagic colitis (hemocolitis) is wide enough and includes infectious and non-infectious factors. Purpose: clinical, laboratory and etiological analysis of bacterial diarrhea occurring with hemorrhagic colitis in the infectious diseases department.Materials and methods: a retrospective study of 141 case histories of those hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the2 Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky of Moscow in 2019—2021 patients with clinical picture of hemocolitis. Hemocolitis was determined on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic signs (in scatology — mucus, leukocytes, erythrocytes) signs. All patients underwent routine laboratory examinations. The etiology was verified using modern methods of laboratory diagnostics (bacteriological analysis of feces, Latex test, ICA, ELISA, PCR, IHR).Results. There were 137 patients with infectious hemocolitis. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed in 3 children, anus fissure — in 1 child. Young children under 3 years of age prevailed (77%). The etiology of infectious hemocolitis was deciphered in 47 patients (34%). Salmonellosis (36%) and shigellosis (36%) prevailed. Campylobacteriosis, clostridiosis-dificile and klebsiellosis accounted for 11%, 9% and 6% of cases, respectively. Yersiniosis was detected in 1 child at the age of 5 months. The severe form was found in 5.8% of cases, in most cases with shigellosis. Symptoms of intoxication and febrile fever were expressed in all patients, vomiting — in 28.5%, abdominal pain — in 94%, mesenteric adenitis on ultrasound — in 15%, diarrhea with a frequency of more than 5 times a day — in 84%, dehydration — in 64%, intercurrent diseases (ARVI, pneumonia) — in 41.3% of cases. Inflammatory changes in infectious hemocolitis were manifested by an increase in C-reactive protein in 71% (23.91 ± 24.17 mg/l), leukocytosis — in 69% (11.58 ± 3.52 х103 / μl), thrombocytosis — in 26%, an increase in the relative number of stab neutrophils in the general blood test in 78% of cases (10.95 ± 0.4%).Conclusions. Differential diagnostic search in the development of hemocolitis should include modern diagnostic methods, if necessary, additional instrumental studies and specialist consultations to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Application of MALDI Mass-Spectrometry for Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous Infectious Diseases: Current State of Affairs and Prospects

2014 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Spitsyn ◽  
D. V. Utkin ◽  
V. E. Kuklev ◽  
S. A. Portenko ◽  
V. G. Germanchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maldi Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Species Specific

Mass spectrometry is a modern physical-chemical analytical method that provides for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the substance composition. It is based on pre-ionization of the atoms and molecules included into it. One of the advanced methods of ionization, due to which mass-spectrometry investigation of macromolecules has become a frequent practice, is matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The essence of it is the pulsed laser irradiation of the matter under study, mixed with the matrix. The review discusses current data on MALDI mass-spectrometry application for the performance of species-specific and genus-specific identification of microorganisms at the premises of diagnostic laboratories. Considered are the basic advantages of MALDI-TOF identification as compared to bacteriologic, immunologic, and molecular-genetic methods of assessment. Allocated is the mass-spectrometry position in the system of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases, including particularly dangerous ones, in the territory of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Metabolic and mineral conditions of retained placenta in highly productive dairy cows: pathogenesis, diagnostics and prevention – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Mordak ◽  
Józef Nicpoń ◽  
Josef Illek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Periparturient Cows

The time around calving in highly productive dairy cows is a critical period in terms of their metabolism, which is connected with high demands of the foetus as well as with the onset of lactation. Retained placenta in cows may have multifactorial aetiology, but in herds which are free from infectious diseases, the most important reasons are; periparturient metabolic changes and disturbances to the internal balance and stress. During the periparturient period, the most important factor causing immune suppression and hypotony of uterus in cows is metabolic stress due to hormonal and nutritional factors, including metabolic fluctuations, negative energy balance, as well as shortage of proteins, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. This metabolic stress as a result of an imbalance in the internal metabolic homeostasis activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and increases serum corticosterid (cortisol) concentration, especially on the day of calving. Cortisol is a powerful immune suppressive factor that causes depression of leukocyte proliferation and their functions. The periparturient metabolic stress may also stimulate the production of catecholamines, especially adrenalin. Elevated levels of adrenalin activate adrenoreceptors of the myometrium, which in turn cause hypotony or atony of the uterus at calving in cows. Elevated levels of cortisol and adrenalin may significantly inhibit the rejection and expulsion of foetal membranes in cows, resulting in an increased incidence of their retention. These important mechanisms for placental retention in highly productive dairy cows often have primary nutritional metabolic aetiology, but they also occur during secondary metabolic disturbances and metabolic stress during calving. This metabolic and immunological aetiology and pathogenesis of retained placenta usually occur in highly productive periparturient cows on dairy farms in the absence of bovine infectious diseases, which can couse placentitis, stillbirth and the infectious origin of foetal membrane retention. The paper presents the most important metabolic, mineral and immunological disturbances as conditions for retained placenta in dairy cows. It also shows different methods of herd monitoring, important examples of clinical and laboratory diagnostics, and methods of nutritional and veterinary prevention of this health problem in dairy cows.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trained Staff

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases are very common worldwide and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants in developing countries. Diarrhea and other intestinal infections are caused by a wide range of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites. Conventional diagnosis of these infections is performed by culture, microscopy, and antigen detection immunoassays. The traditional culture and microscopy procedures are time-consuming, lack sensitivity, and require special laboratory setup and well-trained staff. However, based on the advancement in the molecular diagnostics and with the introduction of commercially available tests, traditional diagnostic techniques have been continuously replaced by these newer rapid antigen detection and molecular-based methods. This review summarizes and discusses the availability, advantages, and disadvantages of molecular methods in the detection and identification of human gastrointestinal pathogens.

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