scholarly journals Features of Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Associated with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
E. B. Ezhlova ◽  
Yu. V. Demina ◽  
A. K. Noskov ◽  
E. V. Kovalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bruker Daltonics

Objective: comparative study of the etiological structure of community-acquired pneumonia in SARSCoV-2 “+”and SARS-CoV-2 “-“ patients who sought help from medical organizations in the Rostov Region.Materials and methods. Biological material from 508 patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia who were on outpatient treatment or in hospitals in Rostov-on-Don was studied. Verification of respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 RNA, as well as M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila was performed by polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal smears. Bacteriological analysis of sputum was carried out using differential diagnostic media, identification of isolated pathogens was carried out using time-of-flight mass spectrometry on Autoflex (Bruker Daltonics) with BioTyper 3.0 software.Results and discussion. During the spread of a new coronavirus infection in the Rostov Region, the main etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia is the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Specific character of pneumonia in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 is a higher incidence of mixed infection of both viral and bacterial etiology. Against the background of detection of a new coronavirus infection in patients with pneumonia, cases of detection of other types of coronaviruses have been registered (HKU-1,OC43, HL-63 and 229Е). The most common etiological agent of bacterial pneumonia in patients was Streptococcus spp., both in patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia and in patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus patients represent a high risk group for the development of mycotic lung lesions. 

scholarly journals Characteristics and Epidemiological Investigation of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Tai’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zilong Cheng ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Paratuberculosis, a chronic and sometimes fatal disease of ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we examined paratuberculosis cases among 2–4-year-old dairy cows at farms in Shandong Province, China. Paratuberculosis cases were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, and histopathological inspection. Characteristics of paratuberculosis in the affected dairy cattle included poor body condition, persistent diarrhea, subcutaneous edema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis, and hepatitis. Acid-fast bacilli from fecal specimens and lymphocytes were putatively identified as MAP based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based testing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. Overall, only one MAP strain was isolated from a herd with symptomatic diarrhea. However, analysis of 586 serum samples from nine herds in Tai’an City revealed that 66.7% of herds and 14.2% of animals were seropositive for MAP. Our findings suggest that paratuberculosis is widely prevalent and therefore a significant threat to the dairy industry in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China.

scholarly journals Identification of Saltol QTL in the breeding rice samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
О. S. Zhogaleva ◽  
N. N. Vozhzhova ◽  
А. Yu. Dubina ◽  
N. T. Kupreyshvili ◽  
P. I. Kostylev
Keyword(s):  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Bromide Solution ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Alkali Complexes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Soil Desalinization

One of the main problems in most of the world rice-growing regions is soil salinity. Rice is considered a saline sensitive crop, especially at the early stages of development and in the period of maturity. In the Rostov region, rice is grown in the south-eastern parts, where there are currently difficulties with the operation of the existing reclamation facilities. The problem of saline soils for this region is especially urgent, since a significant part of the arable lands has alkali complexes. In order to return the saline lands into exploitation, it is necessary to develop salt tolerant varieties, which, under crop rotation and maintenance, can contribute to soil desalinization. Due to the difficulty of determining salt tolerance only by estimating the phenotype, it is necessary to use molecular markers associated with this trait. Thus, the purpose of the current work was to identify one of the main Saltol QTL in breeding rice samples of the eighth generation (F8) obtained from hybridizing the donor variety NSYC Rc106 with Russian varieties. For that purpose, there have been used such marker-assisted selection methods as DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels, gels’ coloring in ethidium bromide solution, photography in ultraviolet light and evaluation of the obtained electrophoregrams. As a result of the study of 398 breeding rice samples, there have been identified 67 samples with the functional allele of Saltol QTL (6865/3, 6874/2, Don 7343/4, Don 7343/5, Don 7343/6, Don 7343/7, Don 7343/8, Don 7343/9, Don 7343/10, Don 7337/1, Don 7337/3, Don 7337/4, Don 7337/5, Don 7337/6, Don 7337/7, Don 7337/8, etc.). There have been recommended to use these samples in the further breeding process in order to develop new salinity resistant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Approach to Identifying Causative Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Using Culture, Molecular, and Serology Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Mardian ◽  
Adhella Menur Naysilla ◽  
Dewi Lokida ◽  
Helmia Farida ◽  
Abu Tholib Aman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Determining the causative pathogen(s) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children remains a challenge despite advances in diagnostic methods. Currently available guidelines generally recommend empiric antimicrobial therapy when the specific etiology is unknown. However, shifts in epidemiology, emergence of new pathogens, and increasing antimicrobial resistance underscore the importance of identifying causative pathogen(s). Although viral CAP among children is increasingly recognized, distinguishing viral from bacterial etiologies remains difficult. Obtaining high quality samples from infected lung tissue is typically the limiting factor. Additionally, interpretation of results from routinely collected specimens (blood, sputum, and nasopharyngeal swabs) is complicated by bacterial colonization and prolonged shedding of incidental respiratory viruses. Using current literature on assessment of CAP causes in children, we developed an approach for identifying the most likely causative pathogen(s) using blood and sputum culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and paired serology. Our proposed rules do not rely on carriage prevalence data from controls. We herein share our perspective in order to help clinicians and researchers classify and manage childhood pneumonia.

scholarly journals Investigations on Transfer of Pathogens between Foster Cows and Calves during the Suckling Period

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Katharina Köllmann ◽  
Nicole Wente ◽  
Yanchao Zhang ◽  
Volker Krömker
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Polymerase Chain

To date, there have been few studies on the health effects of foster cow systems, including the transmission of mastitis-associated pathogens during suckling. The present study aimed to compare the pathogens detected in the mammary glands of the foster cow with those in the oral cavities of the associated foster calves and to evaluate the resulting consequences for udder health, calf health and internal biosecurity. Quarter milk sampling of 99 foster cows from an organic dairy farm was conducted twice during the foster period. Oral cavity swabs were taken from 345 foster calves. Furthermore, quarter milk samples were collected from 124 biological dams to investigate possible transmission to the foster cows via the suckling calves. All samples were microbiologically examined and confirmed by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass-spectrometry). Using RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction), strain similarities were detected for Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, S. sciuri and Streptococcus (Sc.) suis. Transmission of P. multocida and S. aureus probably occurred during suckling. For S. sciuri and Sc. suis, environmental origins were assumed. Transmission from dam to foster cow with the suckling calf as vector could not be clearly demonstrated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Cheeses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Jana Výrostková ◽  
Ivana Regecová ◽  
František Zigo ◽  
Boris Semjon ◽  
Gabriela Gregová
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polymerase Chain

S. aureus and some species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including S. chromogenes and S. simulans, commonly cause intramammary infections. However, little attention was paid to the antimicrobial resistance of these species with respect to their occurrence in dairy products, for example, popular sheep and goat cheeses made from unpasteurized milk. The aim of this study was to investigate such sheep and goat cheeses for the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of the relevant staphylococci species. The staphylococcal isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (130 isolates) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The most common species of S. aureus (56 isolates) were identified, as well as S. chromogenes (16 isolates) and S. simulans (10 isolates). Antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, oxacilin, ceftaroline, teicoplanin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline and ofloxacin was subsequently determined in these species using the agar dilution method. The highest resistance was confirmed in all species, especially to penicillin (91%) and erythromycin (67%). The highest sensitivity was confirmed to ofloxacin (83%). Due to the high incidence of penicillin and oxacilin-resistant staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction, which was confirmed only in S. aureus isolates (19%). Our study shows that the tested strains (77%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic at a time.

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