Application of GIS and Earth Remote Sensing Data for the Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Spread of Rabies in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region

The aim of the study was to improve monitoring of natural foci of rabies based on the use of modern technologies of cartographic analysis.Materials and methods. A retrospective study was carried out on the data of official registration of rabies in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Eastern Trans-Baikal Region) for 1950–2020. The spatial spread of rabies among animals was compared for two time periods: 1972–1978 (n=157 cases) and 2014–2020 (n=61 cases). Software packages QGIS 3.16.0, ArcMap 10.8.1, ArcScene 10.8.1 and electronic landscape-geographical maps of the world “Natural Earth”, “OpenStreetMap” were used for the mapping. Analyzed territorial units (ATUs) tied to a degree grid (0,5º × 0,5º) were marked on the cartograms. The interdependence between the localization of rabies cases and landscape elements was assessed statistically, comparing between the rabies free and the rabies affected ATUs.Results and discussion. Differences in the landscape confinedness of rabies epizootics in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region at different periods of time have been established. Until 1983, dog rabies prevailed, and epizootics spread beyond the forest-steppe zone. In 1984–2013 rabies among animals was not recorded. In 2014–2020 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were the main source of the rabies virus. The area of the epizootic has more than halved in comparison with 1972–1978. The main manifestations of rabies were observed at the junction of lowland and mountainous, steppe and forest areas. The rabies affected ATUs were characterized by more pronounced landscape variables. Possible routes of cross-border spread of the rabies virus have been identified. The connection between the features of the spatiotemporal spread of rabies and genetic variants of the virus, climate change, animal migrations and anthropogenic factors in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region in 1950–2020 is discussed. The results of the study are proposed to be used to adjust the programs for barrier oral vaccination of the foxes.

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IMMUNE INTERLAYER TO TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN HUMAN POPULATION OF TRANSBAIKALIA AS AN INDICATOR OF NATURAL FOCI ACTIVITY

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity ◽

10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-335-340 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 335-340

Author(s):

A. O. Turanov ◽

A. Y. Nikitin ◽

E. I. Andaev

Keyword(s):

Human Population ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Mountain Tundra ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Taiga Forest ◽

Natural Foci ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽

Mountain Taiga

Studying of immune interlayer value to tick-borne encephalitis virus in human population of the Transbaikalia Territory resulted from natural immunization of the healthy population in 31 Municipal areas in 2011–2016 is presented. Human selections were formed proportionally to the population size in the concrete human settlement among persons of the various age and professional groups living at this territory not less than 10 years and unvaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis virus. Total 4367 blood sera were investigated. Laboratory testing for antibodies of G class to tick-borne encephalitis virus in blood sera of the human population was performed by immune-enzyme analysis using a set of reagents “VektoVKE-IgG” of Joint-Stock Company “Vektor-Best” (Novosibirsk city). The monitoring data indicated the presence of natural immunity to tick-borne encephalitis virus in the human population. Mean annual level of immune interlayer in Municipal areas varied from 3.1 to 52.7% (in Transbaikalian Territory — 13.1±0.51%). High level (from 20 to 52.7%) was characteristic for mountain-taiga-forest-steppe zone (Krasnochikoisky — 23.8±3.36%; Uletovsky — 52.4±4.48%; Gazimuro-Zavodsky — 29.4±4.94% districts) and mountain-tundra-taiga zone (Tungokochensky district — 20.0±3.58%). In steppe zone the level of immune interlayer was lower and observed in districts with elements of south-taiga larch and pine forests. It was established that levels of the immune interlayer in human population living in mountain-taiga-foreststeppe and mountain-tundra-taiga zones authentically higher than in steppe area — t = 3.8; Р < 0.001 and t = 2.27; Р < 0.05, respectively. Distinctions in the value of the immune interlayer between mountain-tundra-taiga and mountain-taigaforest-steppe zones were non-authentic: t = 0.1; P > 0.05. Active circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus was accompanied by authentic (Р < 0.01) increase of the interlayer in persons with the virus antibodies in 2014–2016 (15.8±0.69%) in comparison with 2011–2013 (9.7±0.78%). Also it was noted in all landscape zones: in steppe zone the increase was to 42.8% (P > 0.05); in mountain-taiga-forest-steppe — to 61.3% (P > 0.05); in mountain-tundra-taiga — to 150.0% (Р < 0.01). It was not possible to reveal correlation between the recourse for medical aid and the value of immune interlayer in the population formed as a result of latent immunization. Results of the population immunity studying essentially expand our knowledge about the condition of the natural foci and dynamics of development of the epidemic processes in it, and can be used at planning of the preventive actions.

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Influence of forage crop rotations on crop yields and phytosanitary conditions of soils in the Baikal region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129601004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 296 ◽

pp. 01004

Author(s):

Zoya V. Kozlova ◽

Vlada V. Kolocheva

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Baikal Region ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Forage Crop ◽

Control Option ◽

Perennial Legumes

The article considers the practical aspects of ensuring the preservation of natural ecosystems based on the use of organic farming technologies. It presents the results of research in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region for 2011-2018. On the basis of the phytosanitary state of crops studying analysis, it was found that the correct alternation of crops in crop rotation suppresses the level of weeds, thereby not affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The paper reveals the characteristics of agrophysical and water properties of gray forest soil, the influence of forage crop rotations with meadow clover on the yield of cultivated crops. According to the research results, the authors found that overseeding of legumes in the fields of forage crop rotations increases the average productivity by 16.6% in comparison with the control option. The influence of the aftereffect of perennial legumes in crop rotations increases the yield of grain fodder and silage crops by 20-31.8%. The crop rotation with two fields of meadow clover (crop rotation No. 3) was determined to be the best for all indicators.

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GEOINFORMATION ANALYSIS OF ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPES OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

Ukrainian geographical journal ◽

10.15407/ugz2021.03.038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-53

Author(s):

O.G. Golubtsov ◽

◽

L.Yu. Sorokina ◽

L.M. Tymuliak ◽

V.M. Chekhniy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Basic Research ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Anthropogenic Changes ◽

Anthropogenic Transformation ◽

Geographical Regions

The purpose of the publication is to present the results of the study of anthropogenic changes in the landscapes of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, implemented by assessing the indicators of landscapes anthropogenic transformation, their diversity and fragmentation. The basic research methods are methods of geospatial GIS analysis and decoding of remote sensing data of the Earth, geoinformation mapping. According to the indicators of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes at the level of physical-geographical regions and districts of the Forest-Steppe zone, the features of changes for the period 1992-2018 are determined. The results of assessment of anthropogenic changes in forest-steppe landscapes of Ukraine show that in 1992 as well as in 2018 the vast majority of the landscapes of the territory are strongly and excessively transformed by anthropogenic activity. Such patterns persist, despite the fact that during the analyzed period in part of the investigated area there is a certain decrease in anthropogenic pressure on landscapes. The regular relations between the indicators of anthropic landscape diversity and fragmentation of landscapes are determined, which corroborates to their certain conditionality by the degree and nature of anthropogenic transformation of the territory. The novelty of the study are the proposed methods of spatial and temporal changes in landscapes estimating and identifying such changes in landscapes at the level of physical and geographical regions for the period 1992-2018 and revealing trends in the structure of land use, especially agricultural lands, forests, built-up territories as the leading types of land use in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.

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Monitoring of specially protected natural territories of forest-steppe landscapes of the Stavropol upland by means of remote sensing data

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2021-1-27-364-376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 364-376

Author(s):

Tigran Shahbazyan

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Satellite Imagery ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Sensing Data ◽

Ndvi Index ◽

The Impact

The article considers the methodology of monitoring specially protected natural areas using remote sensing data. The research materials are satellite images of the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites, obtained from the resource of the US Geological Survey. The key areas of the study were 3 specially protected areas located within the boundaries of the forest-steppe landscapes of the Stavropol upland, the reserves «Alexandrovskiy», «Russkiy Les», «Strizhament». The space survey materials were selected for the period 1991–2020, and the data from the summer seasons were used. The NDVI index is chosen as the method of processing the spectral channels of satellite imagery. To integrate long-term satellite imagery into a single raster image, the method of variance of the variation series for the NDVI index was used. The article describes an algorithm for processing satellite images, which allows us to identify the features of the dynamics of the vegetation state of the studied territory for the period 1991–2020. The bitmap image constructed by means of the variance of the NDVI index was classified by the quantile method, to translate numerical values into classes with qualitative characteristics. There were 4 classes of the territory according to the degree of dynamism of the vegetation state: “stable”, “slightly variable”, “moderately variable”, “highly variable”. The paper highlights the factors of landscape transformation, including natural and anthropogenic ones. In the course of the study, the determining influence of anthropogenic factors of transformation was noted. The greatest impact is on the reserve «Alexandrovskiy», the least on the reserve «Russkiy Les», in the reserve «Strizhament» the impact is expressed locally. The paper identifies the leading anthropogenic factors of vegetation transformation, based on their influence on vegetation.

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Application of remote sensing data to study the dynamics of the area and quantity of lakes south of the Tyumen region

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.22389/0016-7126-2018-935-5-45-53 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 935 (5) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

A.E. Pshenichnikov

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Precipitation Data ◽

Geoinformation System ◽

High Importance ◽

Automated Interpretation

Despite the high importance of the problem of water scarcity, which is relevant for the forest-steppe zone, insufficient attention is paid to the study of lakes of the forest-steppe. Based on the results of automated interpretation of satellite imagery from Landsat satellites, a classification study was conducted in the QGIS geoinformation system to study the dynamics of the lakes in the Sladkovskiy municipal district of the Tyumen region from 1972 to 2016. The quantity of lakes and the area of the water surface were determined as of several time slices; the distribution of lakes into groups is given, depending on their size. An analysis of the dynamics of the obtained values and data on the level of precipitation showed that the nature of the change in the quantity and area of lakes coincides with the change in the phases of water content of a given territory. The calculation of the values of the Pearson correlation coefficient confirmed the connection between the level of precipitation and the investigated parameters. A closer correlation is evident if the calculations take into account precipitation data over a three-year period, including the current and two previous years.

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Influence of forest technical measures on the reproduction of rare phytorification in forest ecosystems of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Agroecological journal ◽

10.33730/2077-4893.3.2021.240326 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V Shevchyk ◽

I. Tymochko ◽

І. Solomakha

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

The Creation ◽

Protective Forest

An interesting aspect is the issue of acquiring natural features by artificially created tree plantations on the territory of the forest steppe zone of Ukraine. This paper analyzes the conditions of emergence and formation of new habitats rare plant species populations in different types of artificial trees and shrubs of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Complexes of natural and anthropogenic factors of necessary conditions creation for realization of this process are defined. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the number of individuals of sozophyte plants and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the sozophyte plants individuals’ number and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. To improve the protection of sozophytes in the forests of the forest steppe zone, it is advisable to review the implementation of certain methods of forest management measures. In particular, it is necessary to completely ban continuous felling in forests of natural origin and the allocation of biofields for natural reforestation. To improve the condition of forest coenoses of protective plantations, including field protective forest strips, it is necessary to conduct a series of experiments with the subsequent development of technology for their coenotic correction in order to increase the general ecological, including phytososological, significance. The implementation of a set of phytomeliorative measures in the creation of protective forest plantations to some extent will help prevent possible climate change, local disasters and will have a positive impact on the processes of crop formation. The creation of sustainable forest plantations will allow the application of environmental protection measures using the regulatory and protective functions of forest ecosystems. Compliance with all these conditions will contribute to the manifestation of various environmental measures for the development and conservation of biological diversity.

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Epidemiologic and Clinical Aspects of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Samara Region

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2020-328-7-42-50 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-50

Author(s):

SV Arkhipova ◽

VV Arzhanova ◽

LV Chupakhina ◽

TV Vandysheva ◽

DYu Konstantinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Disease ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Acute Onset ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Country Houses ◽

Natural Foci ◽

Working Age ◽

In The Beginning

Introduction: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is the most common zoonosis in the Samara Region accounting for 90% of all zoonotic disease cases annually. Our objective was to analyze current clinical and epidemiologic data on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Samara Region. Materials and methods: We conducted an epidemiologic analysis of 1,031 HFRS cases in the Samara Region in 2016–2018. The most epidemically active natural foci of HFRS were the town of Zhigulyovsk with nearby villages, the forest surrounding Samara, and the forest-steppe zone in northeastern areas. The disease was mainly transmitted in the household while cleaning of country houses (34.3%), in the forest (21.0%), suburbs (17.9%), on agricultural grounds (17.3%), in industrial settings (3.4%), and in private fruit and vegetable gardens (1.2%). The majority of HFRS cases (97.7%) were working-age adults. Results: We analyzed the results of clinical examinations of 235 patients treated in the Infectious Disease Clinic of the Samara State Medical University for HFRS of varying severity by disease phases (initial, oliguric, and polyuric). Most patients (68.5%) were admitted to the hospital on the 5th-7th day of the disease (in the beginning of the oliguric phase). The disease was characterized by an acute onset. Hyperthermia with the maximum body temperature of 40.0°C was observed in the initial and oliguric phases (100%), remaining in the phase of polyuria in 58% of severe and 33% of moderate HFRS cases. Upon admission, permanent signs of the disease, especially in severe cases, included intense general weakness, headache, and dry mouth. The headache persisted during polyuria in 68% of the patients. Half of the patients reported lower back pain already at the end of the initial phase (48%) while 93% of cases complained of lumbago during the entire phase of oliguria and the majority – in the polyuric phase (72%). Visual impairment was reported by 52% and 89% of cases with a moderate and severe disease, respectively. The severe clinical course of HFRS was noted for nose and gum bleeding in patients in the initial (about 10%) and oliguric (about 20%) phases.

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